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- In Silico Molecular Docking of the Antimalarial Flavonoid Compound
Macaranga (Macaranga tanarius) Against the PfDHFR Enzyme
Authors: Semuel Sandy
Pages: 929 - 936
Abstract: Malaria is an acute febrile disease caused by the parasite Plasmodium spp. It is a global health problem, especially in Indone-sia. Drug resistance to antimalarial drugs is one of the health challenges faced. The discovery and development of new antimalarial drugs to overcome the current antimalarial drug resist-ance are highly needed in the future. Natural substances, especially from plants, are wide-ly used in antimalarial treatment. One of them is the Macaranga plant (Macaranga tanarius), which is used as an antimalarial remedy in Kalimantan. The aim of this research was to conduct in-silico molecular docking of potential antimalarial chemical compounds found in the Macaranga plant. The analysis method used in this study was in-silico molecular docking using AutoDock v.4.2.6 software, and the data was visually analyzed in two dimensions using Lig-Plus v 1.4.5. The research results showed that the compound Tanariflavanone D had a lower binding free energy (ΔG) of -9.44 kcal/mol com-pared to the native compound WRA609 (ΔG = -8.44 kcal/mol) and the positive control com-pound Pyrimethamine (ΔG = -7.06 kcal/mol). Tanariflavanone D is suspected to have activity in inhibiting the PfDHFR enzyme, thus potential-ly serving as an antimalarial drug.
PubDate: 2023-08-04
DOI: 10.5530/ctbp.2023.3.30
Issue No: Vol. 17, No. 3 (2023)
- ER Stress Proteins Can be an Effective Target for Epicatechin in Triple
Negative Breast Cancer – An in-silico Approach
Authors: Suganya Kanagaraj, Sumathi Sundara vadivelu
Pages: 937 - 945
Abstract: Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) are more aggressive and faster when compared to other types of breast cancers. Targeted therapy is not available for TNBC due to the lack of receptors. Due to various cellular stress and oxidative stress, the accumulated misfolded or unfolded proteins induce endoplasmic reticulum stress that further activates an unfolded protein response (UPR). Plants are the source of several potent and effective medicines. Epicatechin is a polyphenol that is extensively present in fruits and vegetables and has a wide range of pharmacological uses. In silico docking studies have proven to be an important tool to facilitate the structural diversity of natural products to be harnessed in an organized manner. Here, we attempted using in silico docking to check whether epicatechin interacts with selected endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress proteins in triple-negative breast cancer cells. ASK1 and JNK showed good interaction with epicatechin among the various ER stress proteins. The results from in silico docking between epicatechin and ER stress proteins showed that the epicatechin could regulate the oncoprotein expression in stress conditions. Thus, epicatechin may be used as a therapeutic agent against ER stress proteins which play a major role in the development of cancer.
PubDate: 2023-08-04
DOI: 10.5530/ctbp.2023.3.31
Issue No: Vol. 17, No. 3 (2023)
- Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Leaf Methanolic Extracts of
Adhatoda vasica (L.) Nees and Psidium guajava L. by GC-MS Profiling
Authors: Bhargavi Maddineni, Hari Babu D, Suneel Kumar Bahadur, Indra Karan Reddy Vangala, Asha Syed
Pages: 946 - 958
Abstract: While Adhatoda vasica (Vasaka) is an important medicinal plant used as a remedy for treating bronchitis, tuberculosis and other lung disorders, Psidium guajava (Guava) is used against diabetes, diarrhea, dysentery, gastroenteritis and hypertension. We report here the methanolic extract and phytochemical analysis of both the plants from the leaves using gas-chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS). Analysis of vasaka revealed the presence of amrinone, a selective phosphodiesterase III inhibitor effective in the treatment of congestive heart failure; silicic acid associated with bone mineralization, collagen synthesis, skin, hair and nails health atherosclerosis, Alzheimer disease, immune booster; arsenous acid used for treating leukemia; methyltris (trimethylsiloxy)silane which is a potent antibacterial compound; tetrasiloxanedecamethyl- that exhibits antifungal activity. Analysis of guava revealed the presence of copaene (a tricyclic sesquiterpene) that has antioxidant activity, caryophyllene oxide which has relaxation effect, humulene that promotes appetite-suppressing effect and used for weight loss, γ-muurolene that is known for its antibacterial activity and also alloaromadendrene, a sesquiterpenoid with anticancer and antibacterial properties. Importantly, it also contains (±)-norephedrine, an appetite suppressant and used for nasal decongestion. Phenylephrine is used to relieve nasal discomfort caused by colds, allergies, and hay fever, and (-)-isolongifolol, an antioxidant. The data show that both the plants have important bioactive molecules that can be further exploited for treating human ailments.
PubDate: 2023-08-04
DOI: 10.5530/ctbp.2023.3.32
Issue No: Vol. 17, No. 3 (2023)
- In vitro Callus Regeneration of Caralluma bhupenderiana Sarkaria - An
Endangered and Endemic Medicinal Plant
Authors: Gayathri Pachipala, Rajani Vemula, Pichili Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy, S. Karuppusamy, Kiranmai Chadipiralla
Pages: 959 - 967
Abstract: An effective in vitro callus regeneration protocol was standardized for the endangered, endemic succulent plant Caralluma bhupenderiana Sarkaria. Explants from healthy stem seg-ments were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS), (1962) medium, Gamborg’s B5 (B5) and Woody Plant Medium (WPM) supplemented with 2,4-D 3mg/l for callus induction. Of all the media tested, MS medium with 2,4-D demon-strated the best callus response. Effect of dif-ferent concentrations of auxins (Indole 3- Acetic Acid, Naphthalene Acetic Acid, Indole 3- Butyric Acid and Indole 3- Propionic Acid and 2,4-Di-chlorophenoxy acetic acid) on callus induction was examined. However, 2,4-D (2mg/l) elicited the best callus induction. Plant regeneration was examined on MS medium fortified with 2,4-D (2mg/l) supplemented with various concentra-tions of cytokinins (Benzyl-6-adenopurine and Kinetin; 0.1 -0.4mg/l). Although significant shoot numbers were observed under the influence of 2mg/l 2,4-D and 2 mg/l BAP, the effect was pro-foundly increased upon second subculture in the same medium. The propagated shoots were kept for rooting on ½ strength MS medium sup-plemented with 0.1 mg/l NAA. Complete plants were developed and matured with a mean num-ber of 12.06 ± 0.06 and root mean length of 3.00 ± 0.02. All the plantlets were acclimatized in the shade net house with a survival rate of 70%. The regenerated plants did not show any imme-diate notable phenotypic variation. The in-vitro protocol developed in the current study helps in the bulk production of Caralluma bhupenderiana and could be a good alternative non-con-ventional technique for conservation of rare and endemic species.
PubDate: 2023-08-04
DOI: 10.5530/ctbp.2023.3.33
Issue No: Vol. 17, No. 3 (2023)
- Discerning the Dynamics of Sodium Transport in Plants Crucial for
Developing Crops Resilient to Salt Stress
Authors: Appa Rao Karumanchi, Sudhakar Poda, Krishna Satya, Korrapati Meghana, Nandimandalam Tejaswi, Geethika Gayatri Padala, Polavarapu Bilhan Kavi Kishor
Pages: 968 - 978
Abstract: This review focuses on sodium (Na+) transport in plants which is a complex process. Understanding about the genes that are impli-cated in Na+ transport is of prime importance since their overexpression can lead to trans-genic crop plants that tolerate high levels of salt stress conditions. Movement of Na+ from the soil into the roots is accomplished by non-selec-tive cation channels (NSCCs) besides high af-finity potassium transporters (HKTs). Its egress takes place at the membrane level by salt overly sensitive pathway (SOS), which is well charac-terized genetically. Information about the genes associated with tissue specific expressions for Na+ sequestration into the vacuoles is largely obscure, but is being unravelled slowly. Such a comprehensive understanding about the Na+ movement from the soil to the root, its loading into xylem, long-distance transport to the leaf blade, and compartmentalization into the vacu-ole in a tissue-specific manner appears crucial for developing climate-resilient crop plants in fu-ture.
PubDate: 2023-08-04
DOI: 10.5530/ctbp.2023.3.34
Issue No: Vol. 17, No. 3 (2023)
- India’s International Collaboration in Biochemistry
Authors: N K Prasanna, Atul Bhatt, Manohar Pathak
Pages: 979 - 984
Abstract: This paper is an attempt to analyse 16070 research publications indexed in the field of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in the Web of Science Core Collection by research-ers from India in collaboration with other during 1973 to 2022. During the epoch, India produced 71125publications in Biochemistry and Molecu-lar Biology out of which 16070(22.60%) are in international collaboration. There were only 15 publications in 1973 which increased to 2002 in the year 2022.Council of Scientific and Industri-al Research (CSIR) is the most contributing or-ganization in producing the research publication in collaboration with international scholars.Inter-national Journal of Biological Macromolecules is the most preferred journal for publication. The United States, Saudi Arabia, Germany, and the United Kingdom is the most preferred country for collaboration by an Indian scholar.
PubDate: 2023-08-04
DOI: 10.5530/ctbp.2023.3.35India’s
Issue No: Vol. 17, No. 3 (2023)
- Quantitative Analysis of Food Habits and Nutrient Intake of Adolescents in
Two Different States in South India
Authors: K Hemamalini, B. Babitha, B. Lalitha Kumari
Pages: 985 - 996
Abstract: All minerals are necessary for the overall growth of the child. Two minerals are special namely calcium necessary for rapid growth of bones and developing teeth and iron necessary for the formation of hemoglobin. In case of girls menstrual iron losses may predispose to simple iron deficiency anemia and need for iron are more. Since the rate of BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate) is high the iodine requirement also increased. Adequate water soluble and fat soluble vitamins should be included in adequate amount in the children’s diet for their different functions. So after vast qualitative assessment, research continued on quantitative study which includes diet pattern of adolescents and intake of various biochemicals data taken in two regions of South India. Adolescent girls and boys of Andhra Pradesh and Tamilnadu were taken up study and their habits of taking their food and type of nutrients they were consuming were identified and analysed using Quantitative methods.
PubDate: 2023-08-04
DOI: 10.5530/ctbp.2023.3.36
Issue No: Vol. 17, No. 3 (2023)
- HPTLC Method for Boswellic Acidsa
Authors: Seema Thakura, Saurabh Satijab, Neha Srivastava, Navneet Khurana
Pages: 997 - 1003
Abstract: Boswelliic acids (BAs) are derived from the Boswellia serrata oleo gum resin and used as potential anti-inflammatory, pituitary, immu-nomodulatory, and antitumor experts. The aim of the current study is to evaluate KBA and AKBA separately by high performance thin film chromatography (HPTLC) in Boswellia serrata. For the simultaneous quantification of boswellic acids, an HPTLC method was employed; 11-ke-to-β-boswellic acid (KBA) and 3- acetyl-11-ke-to-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) at 254 nm.
PubDate: 2023-08-04
DOI: 10.5530/ctbp.2023.3.37
Issue No: Vol. 17, No. 3 (2023)
- Antihyperglycemic Effect of Annona squamosa Leaf and Oleanolic Acid
Combination in Diabetic Albino Rats
Authors: Sasmita Dash, Nityananda Sahoo, Gurudutta Pattnaik, Goutam Ghosh, Goutam Rath, Sanjib Bhattacharya, Biswakanth Kar
Pages: 1004 - 1012
Abstract: <p style="text-align: justify;">Since form ancient time, plant derived product has been used as holistic approach in the control of diabetes mellitus. The object of the study is evaluation of the synergistic anti-hyperglycemic effect of medicinal plant <em>Annona squamosa</em> leaf extract (ASLE) and plant-derived oleanolic acid (OA) in streptozotocin (STZ)-in-duced diabetic rats. Thirty six number of Wistar rats are taken and divided within six groups (<em>n</em> = 6). The group 1 is normal control, group 2 is diabetic control induced with STZ, groups 3, 4, 5, and 6 treated with 50 mg/kg of ASLE, 50 mg/kg of OA, the combination of both 25 mg/kg of ASLE and 25 mg/kg of OA, and 0.1 mg/kg of glimepiride respectively for 28 days. The pa-rameters like body weight, blood glucose, insu-lin, glycosylated hemoglobin, C-peptide, serum biochemical, lipid profiles and liver antioxidant parameters were evaluated. Results shows sig-nificant (<em>p</em> < 0.05) restoration of body weight, insulin and C-peptide levels. The animal groups treated with the combination of both ALSE and OA have experienced a remarkable restoration of serum biochemical, lipid profiles, antioxidant parameters, and C-peptide level as compared to the above groups due to the synergistic ef-fect. These findings conclude that combination of both ASLE and OA had a synergistic action and it shows more potent anti-hyperglycemic ef-fect.</p>
PubDate: 2023-08-04
DOI: 10.5530/ctbp.2023.3.38
Issue No: Vol. 17, No. 3 (2023)
- Interaction Study of Greenly Synthesized silver Nanoparticles with Bovine
Serum Albumin (BSA) Using Spectrophotometric and Voltammetric assays
Authors: LAIB Ibtissam, DJAHRA ALI Boutlilis
Pages: 1013 - 1019
Abstract: Due to the considerable constraints impacting conventional pharmaceutical agents and older formulations, nanotechnology plays a vital role in the realm of medicine and in medication delivery. This study's primary goal is to investigate biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles AgNPs with Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) interact utilizing Spectrophotometric and Voltammetric assays. According to the results, these silver nanoparticles can ligand with BSA (AgNPs-BSA), and the binding is spontaneous with the involvement of electrostatic interactions, according to the computed negative free energy ΔG° values and a constant K. Moreover, the cyclic voltammetric analysis findings confirmed that the nanoparticles were primarily electrostatically bound to BSA. Overall, these AgNPs have a promising biological future and could be used in nanomedicine and pharmaceuticals.
PubDate: 2023-08-04
DOI: 10.5530/ctbp.2023.3.39
Issue No: Vol. 17, No. 3 (2023)
- Antifungal Activity of Crude Extract from the Seeds of Inga laurina
(Fabaceae)
Authors: Bruna Sanae Moroto, Janaina de Cássia Orlandi Sardi, Teófilo Fernando Mazon Cardoso, Ana Cristina Jacobowski, Maria Lígia Rodrigues Macedo
Pages: 1020 - 1029
Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the antimi-crobial activity of crude extract from the seeds of Inga laurina against bacterium and fungi and develop a topical preparation with antimicrobial activity. The I. laurina seed flour was extracted with phosphate buffer (pH 7.6) to obtain saline crude extract (SCE). The antimicrobial activ-ity was determined by the broth microdilution method. Carbopol gel containing different con-centrations of extract (1, 5, 10, 15, and 20% w/w) was prepared and stored (40 °C ± 2 °C) during selected intervals for up to 30 days. Ho-mogeneity, odor, color, pH, and microbiological activity of the gel were analized. We report that SCE was active at 4 mg/mL, showing specificity against fungi and no signs of acute toxicity in the Galleria mellonella model. The MIC values ranged between 31.25 to 1000 μg/mL. The Car-bopol gel + SCE (5%) showed an inhibition zone of 14.66 ± 1.22 mm at day zero. However, there was a loss of antifungal activity after 21 days. This is the first report that proposes the devel-opment of a preparation containing extract from the seeds of Inga laurina, which has demon-strated potential application in the treatment of topical infections associated with Candida sp.
PubDate: 2023-08-04
DOI: 10.5530/ctbp.2023.3.40
Issue No: Vol. 17, No. 3 (2023)
- A Comparison of Bolus Doses of Norepinephrine and Phenylephrine in the
Authors: Gifty Alexander , Reshma Balakrishnan, Thomas George
Pages: 1030 - 1040
Abstract: Phenylephrine is the first line choice for prevention and treatment of hypotension during a caesarean section under spinal anesthesia. However significant bradycardia caused by phenylephrine, is a concern. As a result, norepi-nephrine boluses have recently been proposed as an alternative to phenylephrine boluses.This study aim to compare the bolus doses of nor-epinephrine and phenylephrine to treat spinal hypotension during caesarean section and to compare the effects of phenylephrine and nor epinephrine on maternal heart rate, neonatal APGAR score and neonatal blood gas values. A randomized prospective double blinded study was conducted in 52 parturients of ASA 2 cate-gory, within age 20-40years undergoing elective caesarean section under subarachnoid block. Parturients in group N received 4mcg of norepi-nephrine and group P receive 50mcg of phen-ylephrine. Blood pressure and heart rate was monitored every 2 min till 10 min, and thereafter every 5 min till the end of surgery. APGAR score at 1 and 5 min were assessed and foetal um-bilical blood was sent for ABG analysis within 5 minutes of cord clamping. The results were analysed statistically using SPSS software. The number of bolus doses of vasopressors required to treat hypotension was significantly lower in N group (P< 0.01). The frequency of change in maternal heart rate from the base-line was more with phenylephrine compared to nor epinephrine. However, no significant bra-dycardia (HR<50) was noted in either group. The changes in maternal blood pressure and foetal parameters were comparable between the groups. There were no episodes of tachy-cardia or hypertension in both the groups. Nor-epinephrine boluses can be considered as an alternative to phenylephrine boluses for treat-ing hypotension during caesarean section as it maintains the maternal hemodynamics and has a comparable effect on foetal parameters.
PubDate: 2023-08-04
DOI: 10.5530/ctbp.2023.3.41
Issue No: Vol. 17, No. 3 (2023)
- Cardiomyopathy-Associated Genetic Variants in the South Asian Population:
Insights from gnomAD Database Analysis
Authors: Saroja M K, Sudha Rao, Gothandam Kodiveri Muthukaliannan
Pages: 1041 - 1051
Abstract: Cardiomyopathies are usually inherited heart muscle disorders which mostly cause sudden death in young and adults. Early screening and diagnosis in families with risk will enable taking measures to prevent sudden cardiac death. Analysis of the genome Aggregation Database, consisting of both whole genome and whole Exome data from unrelated individuals for variants in 58 genes implicated in primary cardiomyopathies revealed several insights. The gnomAD consisted of two hundred and Eighty-three pathogenic variants reported in ClinVar. Twenty-two of the variants were present in the South Asian population and ten of them were exclusive to this population. Read more . . .
PubDate: 2023-08-04
DOI: 10.5530/ctbp.2023.3.42
Issue No: Vol. 17, No. 3 (2023)
- Phytochemical Analysis in Pithecellobium dulce Fruit Peel Extract
Authors: Udaya Lakshmi Kondabolu, B. Babitha, Naveen Kumar Kalagatur, Anusuya Nagaraj, Saranya Velumani
Pages: 1052 - 1059
Abstract: The study aimed to reveal the phyto-chemical profile of Pithecellobium dulce fruit peel extract. The P. dulce fruit peel extract (PDFE) was obtained by cold maceration tech-nique using ethanol. The qualitative phyto-chemical study showed that PDFE contains carbohydrates, amino acids and proteins, al-kaloids, phenols, flavonoids, glycosides, and anthraquinones. The quantitative phytochemi-cal revealed that one gram of PDFE contains 82.33mg of carbohydrates, 38 mg of proteins, 26 mg of flavonoids (quercetin equivalent), and 19 mg GAE/g of phenolic (gallic acid equivalent) concentration and the quantity is increasing si-multaneously with 2 and 3 gms. The study con-cluded that PDFE is rich in beneficial plant me-tabolites and which could be highly useful in the medical field to treat oxidative-stress-mediated diseases.
PubDate: 2023-08-04
DOI: 10.5530/ctbp.2023.3.43
Issue No: Vol. 17, No. 3 (2023)
- New organic dyes based on D - π - A structural sensitiz-ers for
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC’s): DFT and TD-DFT investigation.
Authors: M. Yanadi Rao, G. Ravi Kumar, P. Sumalatha, Sricharitha Annam, Mannam Subba Rao
Pages: 1060 - 1073
Abstract: The present research aims to design the new dyes with a D-π-A structure to apply Dye-sensitized solar cells. The D-π-A dyes con-stitute S1 to S9, using 9-vinyl-9H-carbazole (D) as a donor (D); different thiophene derivatives are π- spacers and cynoacrylic acid is an ac-ceptor.For the electronic and optical properties calculation of the studied dyes, use DFT/B3LY-P/6-311G++ levelof theory by using Gaussian 09W software. Using optimized geometrical structures to calculate the UV absorption spec-tra, utilize the TD-DFT method in the gas and acetonitrile solvent. The HOMO and LUMO en-ergy gap (Eg) values of S5 and S9 dyes show a narrow band gap with 1.8 eV and 1.7 eV, respectively. So all studied dyes have LUMO values higher than the TiO2 conduction band and HOMO values lower than the electrolyte re-dox potential.The UV absorption spectral data shows S5 and S9 have maximum absorption at 759 nm and 803 nm,respectively.So all the stud-ied dyes are suitable for DSSC application.
PubDate: 2023-08-25
DOI: 10.5530/ctbp.2023.3.44
Issue No: Vol. 17, No. 3 (2023)
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