 Subjects -> PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY (Total: 575 journals)
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- State Laws on Substance Use Treatment for Incarcerated Pregnant and
Postpartum People
Authors: Mollee K Steely Smith, Melissa J Zielinski, Carolyn Sufrin, Camille T Kramer, Sara J Benning, Rosemary Laine, Rebecca J Shlafer
Abstract: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2023.
Background:Incarcerated perinatal populations report high rates of substance use in the United States (US). Despite this, substance use disorder (SUD) treatment is not routinely available in carceral settings and state policies related to the provision of substance use screening and treatment are unknown.Methods:We conducted a systematic search in WestLaw through the end of the 2020 legislative session combining the terms “pregnant” and “postpartum” with terms for incarceration and related terms. The search returned 453 statutes from 43 states. A deductive codebook of various maternal health topics was developed. Legislative texts related to SUD screening and treatment were extracted for textual analysis.Results:Of the 43 states identified as having at least 1 state statute pertaining to pregnant or postpartum incarcerated people, 7 states had statutes relevant to SUD screening and treatment. Statutes related to substance use screening, education, treatment and diversion programs, program eligibility, aftercare and release planning, and funding appropriations.Conclusions:The majority of states across the U.S. lack legislation that address SUD screening and treatment among incarcerated perinatal populations. Given the known limited access to SUD treatment for perinatal populations in custody, increasing legislative statutes could increase access to essential care.
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
PubDate: 2023-09-23T07:08:11Z
DOI: 10.1177/11782218231195556
Issue No: Vol. 17 (2023)
- Lean/Sizzurp Ingredients, Use, and Coping With Mental Health Symptoms
Authors: Orrin D Ware
Abstract: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2023.
The substance combination of codeine and promethazine, commonly termed lean/sizzurp, has been identified as a method that some individuals use to cope with PTSD and other mental health symptomology. A sample of 1423 adults with self-reported past year lean use was recruited from substance-related Reddit pages to complete a survey about lean, including information about using lean to cope with emotions, thoughts, or feelings. To be included in the sample, persons needed to: (1) be ⩾18 years old, (2) report past year lean use, (3) complete lean use screeners, and (4) pass data quality checks (eg, bot detection). As Reddit is an online forum, no geographic restrictions were placed on study participation. Data on demographic characteristics, lean use, and mental health disorder symptomology were captured from participants. Logistic regression models included anxiety, depression, and trauma as independent variables along with covariates to examine using lean to cope with emotions, thoughts, or feelings in the past 30 days. Most participants were male (n = 1102; 77.4%), with an average age of 26.9 (SD = 5.2) years. Most participants used included codeine as an ingredient in lean (n = 1060; 74.5%); promethazine was added as an ingredient by 31.7% of the sample (n = 451), and the combination of codeine and promethazine was included as ingredients by 13.5% (n = 192) of the sample. Participants with anxiety, lifetime trauma exposure, and who were female had increased odds of using lean to cope with emotions, thoughts, or feelings in the past 30 days. Those with depression and unstable housing exhibited decreased odds of using lean to cope with emotions, thoughts, or feelings in the past 30 days. This study recruited persons via social media to learn more about lean use, especially lean use to cope with mental health symptoms; future population-level studies are needed.
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
PubDate: 2023-09-23T06:57:47Z
DOI: 10.1177/11782218231195226
Issue No: Vol. 17 (2023)
- Understanding the Shared Meaning of Recovery From Substance Use Disorders:
New Findings From the What is Recovery' Study
Authors: Sarah E Zemore, Kelly L Ziemer, Paul A Gilbert, Mitchell P Karno, Lee Ann Kaskutas
Abstract: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2023.
Background:Substance use disorder (SUD) resolution typically involves a long-term, comprehensive process of change now widely referred to as “recovery.” Yet, definitions of recovery vary substantially, producing significant confusion. To support formal recovery definitions, we aimed to systematically identify recovery elements that are central to those in recovery and shared regardless of subgroup/pathway.Methods:Data were from the What is Recovery' Study, involving a diverse, national, online survey of people in recovery (N = 9341). Surveys included a 35-item recovery measure reflecting 4 domains; participants reported whether or not each element definitely belonged in their recovery definitions. Analyses examined item endorsements overall and among 30 subgroups defined a priori (by sociodemographics, substance use characteristics, and help-seeking history) to determine where items met study-specific centrality thresholds (ie, endorsement by ⩾80% and top-10 ranking, by endorsement level). We then classified items as “core” if meeting centrality thresholds both overall and for all 30 subgroups, and “prevalent” if meeting centrality thresholds overall and for 26 to 29 subgroups.Results:Four “core” recovery elements emerged, including a process of growth or development; being honest with oneself; taking responsibility for the things one can change; and reacting in a more balanced way. Four “prevalent” recovery elements also emerged, referencing the ability to enjoy life and handle negative feelings without substance use; abstinence and/or nonproblematic substance use; and living a life that contributes. Subgroups differing most in their endorsements included those reporting mild/moderate SUD severity; non-abstinent recovery; and no specialty treatment or mutual-help group attendance.Conclusions:Recovery elements identified here partially reflect some stakeholder definitions, but offer greater specificity and include novel elements (eg, personal integrity). Elements may point to areas of functioning that are damaged in the addiction process and can support an addiction-free life. Findings should inform institutional recovery definitions; SUD services and research; and communications about recovery.
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
PubDate: 2023-09-15T11:18:17Z
DOI: 10.1177/11782218231199372
Issue No: Vol. 17 (2023)
- Letter to the Editors of Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment;
Adolescents Who Vape Nicotine and Their Experiences Vaping: A Qualitative
Study; Regarding Dubé et al. (2023)
Authors: Pasquale Caponnetto, Sergio Triscari, Noemi Maria Vitale, Riccardo Polosa
Abstract: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2023.
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
PubDate: 2023-09-12T08:34:47Z
DOI: 10.1177/11782218231197959
Issue No: Vol. 17 (2023)
- The Subject Is a Patient
Authors: Stephanie T Weiss
Abstract: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2023.
Although it is common in academic and government research settings to speak of study participants as “subjects,” this perspective piece argues against doing so. In particular, the relationship of the study physician with study participants is unique and still retains many elements of the usual patient-physician relationship that exists in general clinical practice.
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
PubDate: 2023-08-08T09:08:20Z
DOI: 10.1177/11782218231191387
Issue No: Vol. 17 (2023)
- Maternal Childhood Maltreatment, Internal Working Models, and Perinatal
Substance Use: Is There a Role for Hyperkatifeia' A Systematic Review
Authors: Aviva K. Olsavsky, Isabella Chirico, Diab Ali, Hannah Christensen, Brianna Boggs, Lillian Svete, Katherine Ketcham, Kent Hutchison, Charles Zeanah, Nim Tottenham, Paula Riggs, C. Neill Epperson
Abstract: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2023.
The parent-infant relationship is critical for socioemotional development and is adversely impacted by perinatal substance use. This systematic review posits that the mechanisms underlying these risks to mother-infant relationships center on 3 primary processes: (1) mothers’ childhood maltreatment experiences; (2) attachment styles and consequent internal working models of interpersonal relationships; and (3) perinatal substance use. Further, the review considers the role of hyperkatifeia, or hypersensitivity to negative affect which occurs when people with substance use disorders are not using substances, and which drives the negative reinforcement in addiction. The authors performed a systematic review of articles (published 2000-2022) related to these constructs and their impact on mother-infant relationships and offspring outcomes, including original clinical research articles addressing relationships between these constructs, and excluding case studies, reviews, non-human animal studies, intervention studies, studies with fewer than 30% female-sex participants, clinical guidelines, studies limited to obstetric outcomes, mechanistic/biological studies, and studies with methodological issues precluding interpretation. Overall 1844 articles were screened, 377 were selected for full text review, and data were extracted from 157 articles. Results revealed strong relationships between mothers’ childhood maltreatment experiences, less optimal internal working models, and increased risk for perinatal substance use, and importantly, all of these predictors interacted with hyperkatifeia and exerted a marked impact on mother-infant relationships with less data available on offspring outcomes. These data strongly support the need for future studies addressing the additive impact of maternal childhood maltreatment experiences, suboptimal internal working models, and perinatal substance use, with hyperkatifeia as a potential moderator, and their interacting effects on mother-infant socioemotional outcomes.
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
PubDate: 2023-07-18T07:31:00Z
DOI: 10.1177/11782218231186371
Issue No: Vol. 17 (2023)
- “No Good Choice”: What are the Issues of Having no Harm Reduction
Strategies in Hospitals'
Authors: Cheryl Forchuk, Jonathan Serrato, Leanne Scott, Abraham Rudnick, Chandlee Dickey, Michael Silverman
Abstract: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2023.
Background:Despite an increase in methamphetamine use and subsequent hospitalizations, the majority of Canadian hospitals currently lack harm reduction strategies for substance use. This can mean that people with lived experience of methamphetamine use are faced with a number of difficult decisions to make when admitted to hospital. Caring for people with lived experience of methamphetamine use can also be problematic with zero tolerance policies requiring abstinence to be maintained. This analysis set out to understand potential health care issues due to a lack of harm reduction strategies from the prospective of people with lived experience of methamphetamine use as well as health care/service professionals.Methods:Based on a larger study, this secondary analysis explored issues discussed by people with lived experience of methamphetamine use and health care/service professionals regarding the challenges of providing harm reduction approaches in the hospital setting. A total of 108 individuals with lived experience of methamphetamine use completed a qualitative component of a mixed-method interview. In addition, 31 health care/service professionals participated in virtual focus groups and one-to-one interviews. Responses were analyzed using an ethnographic thematic approach.Results:People with lived experience of methamphetamine use reported 3 choices upon admission: leave or avoid the hospital, stay but experience unsupported withdrawal, or stay but hide their substance usage from health care professionals. Health care/service professionals described 2 options: uphold zero tolerance that can lead to stigma and a lack of knowledge regarding addiction, or accept harm reduction but be unable to implement such strategies. This could lead to health being compromised due to policy and practice that requires abstinence. Neither group of participants described a good choice for them.Conclusion:Current policy and education related to substance use needs to be revised.
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
PubDate: 2023-07-17T05:42:22Z
DOI: 10.1177/11782218231186065
Issue No: Vol. 17 (2023)
- Harm Reduction Strategies for Severe Alcohol Use Disorder in the Context
of Homelessness: A Rapid Review
Authors: Gabriela Novotna, Erin Nielsen, Rochelle Berenyi
Abstract: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2023.
Severe alcohol use disorder (AUD) in the context of housing instability remains one of the most complex health and social issues. Homelessness is related to increased vulnerability to stigma, marginalization and harmful ways of alcohol consumption, including non-beverage alcohol use (NBA). As a result, severe intoxication, alcohol poisoning, injury and death are common occurrences. Although harm minimization strategies have been readily proposed and examined in the context of drug use, applying the same principles to severe AUD remains controversial within the research and treatment community. This article summarizes the emerging research on managed alcohol programs to increase awareness about alcohol-related strategies that address severe AUD and provide other wrap-around supports such as housing, health and social services to mitigate various harms, including COVID-19.
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
PubDate: 2023-07-10T11:27:55Z
DOI: 10.1177/11782218231185214
Issue No: Vol. 17 (2023)
- Adolescents Who Vape Nicotine and Their Experiences Vaping: A Qualitative
Study
Authors: Catherine E Dubé, Lori Pbert, Catherine S Nagawa, Dante P Simone, Jessica G Wijesundara, Rajani S Sadasivam
Abstract: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2023.
Introduction:Understanding adolescent perceptions of vaping and roles it plays in their lives is needed to design effective interventions to help adolescents quit. We explored vaping experiences of 11 adolescents from initiation through quit attempts.Methods:A convenience sample of students who vaped in the last 90 days was recruited from one suburban high school in Massachusetts. Qualitative interviews were transcribed and coded. An inductive thematic analysis approach was employed. Areas of agreement and range of responses in code reports were summarized.Results:Eleven open-ended semi-structured interviews were conducted (mean = 32.5 minutes each). Vaping initiation often occurred when socializing with friends who also supplied vaping devices. Vaping was “something to do” and new flavors engaged adolescents further. Solitary activities coupled with vaping included video gaming, getting ready for school, talking on the phone, or studying. Peak hours for vaping included morning, before and after school, before parents returned from work, and after parents went to bed. Several vaped to address anxiety/stress. For some, anxiety control was a main reason for vaping. Participants were concerned about health effects and nicotine dependence. Cost and health effects were drivers of quitting. Quit strategies relied on willpower and distraction.Conclusions:Peers have powerful influences on the initiation and maintenance of adolescent vaping. Vaping habits can become routinized into adolescent lives. Addiction is a concern although nicotine’s anxiolytic effects were valued by many. Social connection was enhanced by communal vaping, sharing, and common vernacular, secrecy and rule-breaking. We describe the context in which adolescents vape nicotine, their reasons for vaping, and reasons to quit. This information can inform the development of interventions to better address adolescents’ triggers to vape, and social and psychosocial barriers to quitting. Our findings suggest a desire to quit vaping but a limited awareness of quitting strategies.
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
PubDate: 2023-06-28T12:08:12Z
DOI: 10.1177/11782218231183934
Issue No: Vol. 17 (2023)
- New Patients in Treatment for Opioid Addiction in Spain
Authors: Jose Pulido, Guadalupe Pastor-Moreno, Juan Miguel Guerras, María José Belza, Ana Cáceres, Lucía Cea-Soriano, Luis Sordo
Abstract: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2023.
Introduction:Patients seeking first time treatment for opioid consumption reflect the characteristics of the consumer population. This group has not been studied in Spain in decades. The objective of this study was to characterize the opioid user population seeking first time treatment (incidents) and compare them group with those with prior treatment (prevalents).Methods:Cross-sectional study (N = 3325) with patients with opioid addiction seeking care at public addiction centers in the Community of Madrid from 2017 through 2019. Differentiation and comparisons were carried out using bivariate analysis, adjusted by sociodemographic characteristics related and those related to substance use consumption in incident and prevalent patients.Results:About 12.2% were incidents. Compared to prevalents, there were more foreigners (34.1% vs 19.1% P
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
PubDate: 2023-06-28T10:41:08Z
DOI: 10.1177/11782218231182552
Issue No: Vol. 17 (2023)
- Association Between Opioid Use Disorder and Seizure Incidents Among
Alcohol Use Disorder Patients
Authors: Hiroko Furo, Ankita Podichetty, Marisa Whitted, Yi Yuan Zhou, Francis Torres, Bradley B. Brimhall
Abstract: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2023.
Many previous studies have discussed an association between alcohol use disorder (AUD) and seizure incidents. There are also case reports of seizures during opioid withdrawals. Therefore, it is possible that AUD patients may have a higher risk of seizures if they also have opioid use disorder (OUD). However, it remains unproven whether AUD patients with a dual diagnosis of OUD have higher seizure incidents, to our knowledge. This study explored seizure incidents among the patients with a dual diagnosis of AUD and OUD as well as seizures among AUD only or OUD only patients. This study utilized de-identified data from 30 777 928 hospital inpatient encounters at 948 healthcare systems over 4 years (9/1/2018-8/31/2022) from the Vizient® Clinical Database for this study. Applying the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10) diagnostic codes, AUD (1 953 575), OUD (768 982), and seizure (1 209 471) encounters were retrieved from the database to examine the effects of OUD on seizure incidence among AUD patients. This study also stratified patient encounters for demographic factors such as gender, age, and race, as well as the Vizient-categorized primary payer. Greatest gender differences were identified among AUD followed by OUD, and seizure patient groups. The mean age for seizure incidents was 57.6 years, while that of AUD was 54.7 years, and OUD 48.9 years. The greatest proportion of patients in all 3 groups were White, followed by Black, with Medicare being the most common primary payer in all 3 categories. Seizure incidents were statistically more common (P
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
PubDate: 2023-06-28T10:39:48Z
DOI: 10.1177/11782218231181563
Issue No: Vol. 17 (2023)
- Tobacco Use in Adolescents With Disabilities: A Literature Review
Authors: Melissa Beck Wells
Abstract: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2023.
The use of tobacco products by adolescents has greatly increased in recent years. Adolescents with disabilities have demonstrated higher instances of e-cigarette and tobacco use in relation to their peers without disabilities. Repercussions for e-cigarette and tobacco use increase negative physical and health implications and financial which ultimately will further the gap for individuals with disabilities over time. It is argued that adolescents with disabilities are more susceptible to begin using tobacco and remain using tobacco which can lead to further use of addictive substances. In this paper, the researcher explained the use of tobacco within the adolescent population, specifically for individuals with disabilities, the impact of tobacco use for individuals with disabilities, reviewed previous studies on tobacco use for adolescents with disabilities, points to the need for educational policy reform, and stated certain recommendations for mitigating tobacco use in adolescents with disabilities, which may result in positive future outcomes. The literature review indicated that the targeted interventions in schools or peer groups reduces tobacco use in adolescents with disabilities.
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
PubDate: 2023-06-27T11:02:09Z
DOI: 10.1177/11782218231179599
Issue No: Vol. 17 (2023)
- Cannabis Unveiled: An Exploration of Marijuana’s History, Active
Compounds, Effects, Benefits, and Risks on Human Health
Authors: Khaled M Hasan
Abstract: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2023.
Marijuana, also known as cannabis, is a psychoactive drug that comes from the Cannabis plant. Marijuana can be smoked, vaporized, or consumed through edibles in a variety of ways. Perception changes, changes in mood, and problems with coordination are all possible side effects. Marijuana is used for both recreational and medical purposes to treat a variety of health conditions. The literature review on the effects of marijuana on the human body has increased in recent years as more states legalize its use. It is important to investigate the benefits and harmful effects of marijuana on individuals due to the widespread use of cannabis-derived substances like marijuana for medical, recreational, and combined purposes. The paper will review different aspects of marijuana in 4 main domains. A thorough discussion of marijuana’s definition, history, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, and effects on human cells will be given in the first domain. The second domain will concentrate on marijuana’s negative effects, while the third domain will look at marijuana’s possible positive impacts, such as its usage in controlling multiple sclerosis, treating obesity, lowering social anxiety, and managing pain. The fourth domain will concentrate on marijuana’s effects on anxiety, educational attainment, and social consequences. Additionally, this paper also will provide a highlight of the history of marijuana use and governmental legislation, both of which play a significant role in determining how the public views marijuana. In conclusion, this paper provides a comprehensive review of marijuana’s effects, which may be of interest to a large readership. This review adds to the continuing discussion about the use of marijuana by analyzing the data that is currently available about the possible advantages and disadvantages of marijuana usage.
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
PubDate: 2023-06-20T12:13:12Z
DOI: 10.1177/11782218231182553
Issue No: Vol. 17 (2023)
- Characteristics of Outpatient and Residential Substance Use Disorder
Treatment Facilities with a Tailored LGBT Program
Authors: Orrin D. Ware, Anna E. Austin, Ankur Srivastava, Hayden C. Dawes, Dicky Baruah, William J. Hall
Abstract: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2023.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals have a high prevalence of substance use disorders (SUDs) and experience unique barriers to treatment. Little is known about the characteristics of SUD treatment facilities providing LGBT-tailored programs at the outpatient and residential levels of care. The purpose of this study is to examine the availability of LGBT-tailored programs in outpatient and residential SUD treatment facilities. Using the National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services 2020, we conducted logistic regression to examine facility characteristics, including ownership, pay assistance, region, outreach, and telehealth services, associated with having an LGBT-tailored program among SUD treatment facilities. Outpatient facilities that were for-profit, had pay assistance, had community outreach services, and provided telemedicine/telehealth were more likely to have an LGBT-tailored program. Those that were government-owned, in the Midwest, and that accepted Medicaid were less likely to have an LGBT-tailored program. Residential facilities that were in the West, for-profit, and had community outreach services were more likely to have an LGBT-tailored program. This study offers a national examination of the availability of LGBT-tailored programs in SUD treatment facilities. Differences in availability based on ownership, region, pay assistance, and outreach highlight potential gaps in treatment availability.
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
PubDate: 2023-06-17T06:54:00Z
DOI: 10.1177/11782218231181274
Issue No: Vol. 17 (2023)
- Exploring Gender and Ethnoracial Differences and Trends in Methamphetamine
Treatment
Authors: Erick G Guerrero, Hortensia Amaro, Yinfei Kong, Tenie Khachikian, Jeanne C Marsh
Abstract: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2023.
Introduction:Given the significant rise in methamphetamine use and related mortality in the United States, it is critical to explore differences in treatment trends with particular attention to women and ethnoracial groups in hard-hit areas like Los Angeles County.Methods:We analyzed a large sample across 4 waves: 2011 (105 programs, 10 895 clients), 2013 (104 programs, 17 865 clients), 2015 (96 programs, 16 584 clients), and 2017 (82 programs, 15 388 clients). We completed a comparative analysis to identify differences across subgroups and a trend analysis of treatment episodes by gender and ethnoracial group to differentiate users of methamphetamine and users of other drugs.Results:Treatment clients using methamphetamine increased over time for each gender and race. There were also significant differences across age groups. Women comprised a greater proportion of treatment episodes involving methamphetamine use (43.3%) compared to all other drugs combined (33.6%). Latinas represented 45.5% of methadone-related admissions. Compared with other drug users, methamphetamine users had a lower successful treatment completion rate and were served by programs with less financial and culturally responsive capacity.Conclusions:Findings highlight a sharp increase in treatment admissions for methamphetamine users of all gender and ethnocultural groups. Women, especially Latinas, saw the most significant increases, with a widening gender gap over time. All subgroups of methamphetamine users had a lower treatment completion rate compared with users of other drugs, and critical differences existed in the programs where they received services.
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
PubDate: 2023-06-07T11:16:08Z
DOI: 10.1177/11782218231180043
Issue No: Vol. 17 (2023)
- Research Compensation and Enhanced Contacts in Studies With Persons Who
Use Drugs: Lessons From the COVID-19 Pandemic Demand a Reset
Authors: Matthew G Lemansky, Anna K Martin, Judith A Bernstein, Sabrina A Assoumou
Abstract: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2023.
Policy changes resulting from the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have had a substantial and positive impact on the clinical care of persons with opioid use disorder. These innovative paradigm shifts created a ripe environment for re-evaluating traditional approaches to recruiting and retaining persons who use drugs into research studies. For example, changes to methadone prescribing requirements and authorization of buprenorphine prescriptions via telehealth have both increased access to medications. In this commentary, we contribute to ongoing conversations about the ethics of compensation for participants in addiction-related clinical research and share methods of payment that proved successful in research performed during the pandemic. We also discuss approaches to enrollment and follow-up that were implemented during the height of COVID restrictions. These approaches may mutually benefit both participants and researchers in a post-pandemic era.
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
PubDate: 2023-06-07T06:14:55Z
DOI: 10.1177/11782218231179039
Issue No: Vol. 17 (2023)
- Characterizing the Development of Research Landscapes in Substance Use and
HIV/AIDS During 1990 to 2021
Authors: Tham Thi Nguyen, Hien Thu Nguyen, Huyen Phuc Do, Cyrus SH Ho, Roger CM Ho
Abstract: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2023.
Mitigating the impacts of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and substance use requires comprehensive and systematic thinking in designing interventions and developing policies. This study describes the growth of research publications from 1991 to 2021 in the Web of Science database and points out current research landscapes in the fields of HIV/AIDS and substance use. Latent Dirichlet Allocation was used for classifying 21 359 papers into corresponding topics. The most common topics were HIV transmission, HIV infection, quality of life and mental health of substance users, and the biomedical effect of substance use. Emerging research landscapes include vulnerabilities of people who inject drugs to HIV transmission and related health problems. This study found a lack of research on health services, interdisciplinary and inter-sectoral in combination with clinical evaluation and treatment services. Future investment and implementation of HIV/AIDS and substance use programs should focus on research of health services and clinical evaluation, especially context-specific interventions.
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
PubDate: 2023-06-05T12:07:18Z
DOI: 10.1177/11782218231177515
Issue No: Vol. 17 (2023)
- The Association Between Regular Physical Activity and Depressive Symptoms
Among Patients in Treatment of Alcohol and Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Endre Berger, Ingeborg Bolstad, Lars Lien, Jørgen G Bramness
Abstract: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2023.
Background:Alcohol and other substance use disorders and major depression often co-occur. A sedentary lifestyle is related to major depression and even moderate exercise may prevent and contribute to the treatment of depression. Studies have found an effect of physical activity on depression in alcohol and other substance use disorder patients even in clinical settings.Aim:To investigate the relationship between level of physical activity and depressive symptoms over time in alcohol and substance use disorder inpatients.Methods:Eighty-nine substance use disorder inpatients were followed for 6 months during treatment. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to categorize 3 groups of low, moderate, or high level of physical activity. In addition to background variables and alcohol and drug use measures, data on biometric measures and on sleep were gathered. Becks Depression Inventory version II (BDI-II) measured depressive symptoms. A multilevel logistic regression was used to analyze the longitudinal relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms.Results:Most patients (57%) reported low activity, while 24% reported moderate and 19% high activity. Few changed their activity level during treatment. Moderate physical activity was related to lower score on BDI-II (P = .029). Level of physical activity was closely related to insomnia (P = .024). In the multivariate analysis the relationship between depressive symptoms and physical activity did not withstand the adjustment for insomnia. However, in the multilevel logistic regression higher physical activity was related to lower BDI-II score in a dose dependent manner.Conclusions:Among these alcohol and other substance use disorders patients in treatment, there was a relationship between depressive symptoms and physical activity. The low level of physical activity identified among these patients was related to a high level of depressive symptoms. The level of depressive symptoms declined over time; but this change was not related to an increase in physical activity.
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
PubDate: 2023-05-19T11:15:18Z
DOI: 10.1177/11782218231175813
Issue No: Vol. 17 (2023)
- A 6-Month Follow-Up Study: Cognitive Impairment May Predict More Frequent
Use of Methamphetamine
Authors: Sercan Karabulut
Abstract: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2023.
Objectives:Methamphetamine (METH) use has been associated with impairments in a variety of cognitive functions. In this study, it was aimed to assess the relation between cognitive measures and frequency of METH use.Methods:Ninety-eight participants with methamphetamine use disorder were assessed with Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Victoria-Stroop Word Color Test (SWCT), Trail Making Test (TMT) A and B. Participants were followed up during 6-month period with multiple urine toxicology tests (at baseline, month 1, month 2, month 3 and month 6).Results:Participants who had their prescriptions regularly were more likely to have higher rates of METH-negative urine results (P = .003). Participants who had more correct numbers, completed more categories and had more conceptual level responses on WCST were more likely to use lower frequency of METH (OR = 0.006, P
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
PubDate: 2023-05-16T11:45:33Z
DOI: 10.1177/11782218231175811
Issue No: Vol. 17 (2023)
- The Impact of Recreational Cannabis Legalization on Cannabis Use and
Associated Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kyra N Farrelly, Jeffrey D Wardell, Emma Marsden, Molly L Scarfe, Peter Najdzionek, Jasmine Turna, James MacKillop
Abstract: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2023.
Background:Recreational cannabis legalization has become more prevalent over the past decade, increasing the need to understand its impact on downstream health-related outcomes. Although prior reviews have broadly summarized research on cannabis liberalization policies (including decriminalization and medical legalization), directed efforts are needed to synthesize the more recent research that focuses on recreational cannabis legalization specifically. Thus, the current review summarizes existing studies using longitudinal designs to evaluate impacts of recreational cannabis legalization on cannabis use and related outcomes.Method:A comprehensive bibliographic search strategy revealed 61 studies published from 2016 to 2022 that met criteria for inclusion. The studies were predominantly from the United States (66.2%) and primarily utilized self-report data (for cannabis use and attitudes) or administrative data (for health-related, driving, and crime outcomes).Results:Five main categories of outcomes were identified through the review: cannabis and other substance use, attitudes toward cannabis, health-care utilization, driving-related outcomes, and crime-related outcomes. The extant literature revealed mixed findings, including some evidence of negative consequences of legalization (such as increased young adult use, cannabis-related healthcare visits, and impaired driving) and some evidence for minimal impacts (such as little change in adolescent cannabis use rates, substance use rates, and mixed evidence for changes in cannabis-related attitudes).Conclusions:Overall, the existing literature reveals a number of negative consequences of legalization, although the findings are mixed and generally do not suggest large magnitude short-term impacts. The review highlights the need for more systematic investigation, particularly across a greater diversity of geographic regions.
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
PubDate: 2023-05-09T07:31:44Z
DOI: 10.1177/11782218231172054
Issue No: Vol. 17 (2023)
- Treatment Court Family Nights: An Accessible and Adaptable Support for
Families Engaging in Recovery
Authors: Laura Palombi, Anna Van Deelen, Andrew Hawn, Lucas Kosobuski, Mary Jo Katras
Abstract: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2023.
Introduction:While public health measures including physical distancing and stay-at-home orders have clear benefits in COVID-19 mitigation and prevention, they have provided unique challenges for individuals with substance use disorder (SUD), including Treatment Court (TC) participants.Methods:This study involved a qualitative evaluation of TC Family Nights; one series of Family Nights was conducted before the COVID-19 pandemic and the second series was adapted and held remotely due to COVID-19 distancing requirements.Results:Several important themes emerged, including general positive experiences, accessible session logistics, naloxone training, attention to stigma, building recovery capital, group engagement, social interaction, and community action. These themes will help inform future SUD recovery education.Conclusion:Online recovery support events provide a new model for courts and recovery organizations that seek multiple ways to provide connection and support for their participants and families during times when accessibility is prioritized, in-person activities are discouraged, and in resource-sparse and geographically isolated communities.
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
PubDate: 2023-04-21T06:37:40Z
DOI: 10.1177/11782218231170857
Issue No: Vol. 17 (2023)
- Vaping and Mental Health Conditions in Children: An Umbrella Review
Authors: Ali Mahmood Khan, Saeed Ahmed, Zouina Sarfraz, Pantea Farahmand
Abstract: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2023.
The e-cigarette (EC) epidemic began in the United States (US) in 2007; since 2014 EC is the most commonly used form of tobacco. However, the mental health implications of vaping are grossly unknown. The aim of this umbrella review is to provide astate-of-the-art summary of existing research concerning vaping and mental health conditions in children. Following the PRISMA Statement 2020 guidelines, a systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar up to April 15th, 2022 to locate relevant studies. The Joana Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for umbrella reviews and quality appraisal tool was utilized. Six studies, pooling a total of 846,510 adolescents aged 21 years or below, were included by collating 85 primary clinical studies. Of these, 58.8% of the primary clinical studies originated in the US, with 4.7% from Canada, South Korea, and the United Kingdom each; 3.5% each from England and Taiwan; 2.4% each from Australia, France, Hawaii, Mexico, and Russia; and 1.2% each from Denmark, Greece, Hong Kong, Iceland, New Zealand, Poland, and Switzerland. Overall, significant associations were found between mental health outcomes, including depression and suicidality, among current EC users and those who had ever used EC. Compared to adolescents who had never used EC, both depression and anxiety were reportedly higher among EC users. Impulsive behaviors, reported as impulsivity, were also found to be correlated with the adoption of EC use. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the impact of EC use on mental health outcomes in children. This umbrella review highlights the urgent need to further explore the effects of current EC use from a psychiatric and public health perspective.
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
PubDate: 2023-04-20T07:03:43Z
DOI: 10.1177/11782218231167322
Issue No: Vol. 17 (2023)
- Assessing the Impact of Indiana Public Law 194 on Curbing the Concurrent
Opioid Prescribing for Indiana Medicaid Enrollees
Authors: Carolina Vivas-Valencia, Nicole Adams, Paul Griffin, Nan Kong
Abstract: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2023.
Background:Several US states have introduced legislation to support the legitimate medical use of opioids while limiting misuse and diversion. One concern which has been addressed through legislation is preventing individuals from seeking opioid prescriptions concurrently from multiple providers. However, the impact of this legislation on the incidence of patients receiving concurrent prescriptions remains relatively unexplored. This study examines this phenomenon based on claims data from Medicaid enrollees and the enactment of legislation in Indiana.Methods:Indiana Medicaid claims data over the period of January 2014 to December 2019 were used to determine the changes in the percentage of individuals receiving opioid prescriptions from multiple providers within a 30-day period, that is, concurrent opioid prescription (COP) individuals. Indiana Medicaid enrollees with a diagnosis of opioid use disorder (OUD) receiving opioid prescriptions, that is, the OUD-group, were identified and separated from the enrollees without a diagnosis but receiving opioid prescriptions, that is, the non-OUD group. The mean percentages of COP individuals (with or without an OUD diagnosis) within the subset of individuals that received opioid prescriptions were compared before and after the passage of Indiana Public Law 194.Results:There were 5336 who met the criteria of COP individuals, and 2050 of those were in the OUD-group. In either group, there was a significant difference in the change in percentages (slope) before and after Indiana Public Law 194 passed. In addition, there was a significant decrease in the mean percentage of COP individuals in the non-OUD group, while the difference was not significant in the OUD group.Conclusion:Our study suggests that Indiana Public Law 194 had a positive impact on curbing COP. This study is limited by the level of details available from claims data and suggests additional studies to evaluate prescription use and prescribing practices are warranted.
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
PubDate: 2023-04-20T07:01:53Z
DOI: 10.1177/11782218231168722
Issue No: Vol. 17 (2023)
- Quantitative Survey on Prevalence of Prescription Pain Medications and
Stimulants Use in Young Adults
Authors: Sreelekha Prakash, Yulong Gu, Michele Previti
Abstract: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2023.
Background:Prescription drug use including pain relievers and stimulants has been a growing problem in young adults and the issue has been a public health concern for years.Methods:This Quantitative Cross-sectional study aimed to collect preliminary data regarding prescription opioid use, prescription stimulant drug use and overdose treatment knowledge in young adults between 18 and 24 years old in a southern New Jersey university through administering an online survey.Results:Of the 1663 students who completed the survey, 33% reported using prescription pain relievers and 15% reported using prescription stimulant drugs. Stimulant drug users were found to be more likely to use prescription pain relievers (49%) as compared to non-stimulant users (30%). Furthermore, students with overdose treatment knowledge of opioids were more likely to report misuse of prescription drugs (15%) than students with less knowledge (8%).Conclusions:This study reiterates the increasing usage of prescription drugs and stimulant use among college students. There is a need for effective education strategies to inform students about the prescription medication uses and misuse to reduce nonmedical use of prescription medications.
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
PubDate: 2023-04-18T06:19:24Z
DOI: 10.1177/11782218231162827
Issue No: Vol. 17 (2023)
- A Scoping Review of Risk and Protective Factors for Negative Cannabis Use
Consequences
Authors: Timothy J. Grigsby, Andrea Lopez, Larisa Albers, Christopher J. Rogers, Myriam Forster
Abstract: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2023.
Objective:Numerous reviews have examined risk and protective factors for alcohol-related negative consequences, but no equivalent review of risk and protective factors exists for cannabis-related negative consequences (CRNCs)-a gap filled by the present study. This scoping review examined survey-based research of risk and protective factors for CRNCs such as neglecting responsibilities, blacking out, or needing more cannabis.Methods:Three databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar) were searched for peer-reviewed manuscripts published between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 2021. A qualitative synthesis was performed using the matrix method and the results were organized using the socioecological model as a framework.Results:Eighty-three studies were included in the review. There was considerable variation in measures and operationalizations of CRNCs across studies. Risk factors were identified in the intrapersonal (depression, social anxiety, PTSD, impulsivity, sensation seeking, motives, expectancies), interpersonal/community (trauma, victimization, family and peer substance use, social norms), and social/policy (education, employment, community attachment, legalization, availability of substances) domains of influence. Protective behavioral strategies were a robust protective factor for CRNCs. Males consistently reported more CRNCs than females, but there were no differences observed across race.Conclusions:Future research should identify person- and product-specific patterns of CRNCs to refine theoretical models of cannabis misuse and addiction. Public health interventions to reduce the risk of negative consequences from cannabis should consider utilizing multilevel interventions to attenuate the cumulative risk from a combination of psychological, contextual, and social influences.
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
PubDate: 2023-04-08T06:15:26Z
DOI: 10.1177/11782218231166622
Issue No: Vol. 17 (2023)
- Normative Misperceptions About Cannabis Use in a Sample of Risky Cannabis
Users
Authors: John A Cunningham, Christina Schell, Nicolas Bertholet, Jeffrey D Wardell, Lena C Quilty, Alexandra Godinho
Abstract: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2023.
Introduction:This study examines normative misperceptions in a sample of participants recruited for a brief intervention trial targeting risky cannabis use.Methods:Participants who were concerned about their own risky cannabis use were recruited to help develop and evaluate intervention materials. At baseline, participants reported on their own cannabis use and provided estimates of how often others their gender and age used cannabis in the past 3 months. Comparisons were made between participants estimates of others cannabis use with reports of cannabis use obtained from a general population survey conducted during a similar time period.Results:Participants (N = 744, mean age = 35.8, 56.2% identified as female) largely reported daily or almost daily cannabis use (82.4%). Roughly half (55.3%) of participants estimated that others their age and gender used cannabis weekly or more often in the past 3 months, whereas the majority of people in the general population reported not using cannabis at all.Conclusions:Normative misperceptions about cannabis use were common in this sample of people with risky cannabis use. Limitations and possible future directions of this research are discussed, as well as the potential for targeting these misperceptions in interventions designed to motivate reductions in cannabis use.ClinicalTrials.org number:NCT04060602
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
PubDate: 2023-04-07T05:12:20Z
DOI: 10.1177/11782218231166809
Issue No: Vol. 17 (2023)
- The Stigma of Substance Use and Addiction Among Filipino Immigrants and in
the Philippines
Authors: Rowalt Alibudbud
Abstract: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2023.
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
PubDate: 2023-04-07T05:11:00Z
DOI: 10.1177/11782218231166805
Issue No: Vol. 17 (2023)
- A Focused Screening and Clinical Intervention with Streamlined Outpatient
Linkage for Hospitalized Patients with Opioid Use Disorder Experiencing
Homelessness
Authors: Sandra Oreper, Allison Bond, Marilyn Bazinski, Matthew Tierney, Margaret Fang, Sujatha Sankaran, Aksharananda Rambachan
Abstract: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2023.
Background:Patients experiencing homelessness have higher rates of substance use and related mortality, often driven by opioid overdose. Conversely, opioid use disorder (OUD) is a leading risk factor for homelessness. Our goal was to test the efficacy of an electronic health record (EHR) screen in identifying this vulnerable population during hospitalization and to assess the feasibility of a bundled intervention in improving opioid safety.Methods:We assessed patients’ housing status, substance use, previous MOUD treatment, barriers to MOUD treatment and readiness to take MOUD in and out of the hospital. For each post discharge follow up call, patients were asked about their MOUD status, barriers accessing treatment, current substance use, and housing status. We also assessed team members perceptions and experiences of the study.Results:We enrolled 32 patients with housing insecurity and OUD. The mean age was 44, the majority self-identified as male (78%), and mostly as White (56%) or Black (38%). At each follow up within the 6-months post-discharge, reach rates were low: 40% of enrollees answered at least 1 call and the highest reach rate (31% of patients) occurred at week 4. At the third and sixth-month follow ups,>50% of subjects still taking MOUD were also using opioids.Conclusion:Our clinician augmented EHR screen accurately identified inpatients experiencing OUD and PEH. This intervention showed high rates of attrition among enrolled patients, even after providing cellphones. The majority of patients who were reached remained adherent to MOUD though they reported significant barriers.
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
PubDate: 2023-04-07T05:10:04Z
DOI: 10.1177/11782218231166382
Issue No: Vol. 17 (2023)
- Use of Marijuana to Promote Well-Being: Effects of Use and Prohibition in
the Daily Lives of Brazilian Adults
Authors: Luciana Togni de Lima e Silva Surjus, Natália Cavalcante Dainesi, Felipe Granado de Souza
Abstract: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2023.
Background:Marijuana is the most widely used illicit drug worldwide. From an occupational perspective, its use is paradoxical in that although it can be harmful to health and has criminal consequences, it can also promote well-being. This study examined predictors of well-being to determine the effects of marijuana use and its prohibition on the daily lives of Brazilian adults.Methods:This cross-sectional study used an anonymous online questionnaire with a final sample of 2637 respondents. Utilizing logistic regression, variables were selected pertaining to use and prohibition risks, benefits of use, and harm reduction associated with the socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents.Results:Using marijuana for fun was most likely among those self-identified as male, trans/non-binary people, college graduates, and those with higher incomes. Living with family members and using less frequently proved to be protective against the adverse effect of “getting high.” Indigenous peoples and youth were more likely to report trouble with the police due to marijuana use; individuals with higher education and longer use of marijuana reported more frequent use of harm reduction strategies; people who identified their color as yellow were more likely to report daily use compared to people who identified their color as white; women and people with higher income were less likely to report daily use.Conclusions:Social class, race, gender, and generation were predictors of well-being associated with marijuana use and its prohibition, indicating an interaction between different dimensions involving the use of illicit substances. Identifying the effects of the use and prohibition of marijuana in promoting well-being, from the conception of drug use as a non-sanctioned occupation, can broaden the understanding of this complex human phenomenon, with health and criminal repercussions, subsidizing the development of approaches more equitable and adequate into occupational therapy to reduce personal and social harm.
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
PubDate: 2023-04-05T11:51:20Z
DOI: 10.1177/11782218231162469
Issue No: Vol. 17 (2023)
- An Occupation-Based Lifestyle Lecture Intervention as Part of Inpatient
Addiction Recovery Treatment: Exploring Occupational Performance, Balance
and Personal Recovery
Authors: Deirdre Ryan, Marie Naughton, Meabh de Faoite, Tara Dowd, Ann-Marie Morrissey
Abstract: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2023.
Introduction:Substance use disorders (SUDs) and addictive behaviours are growing problems which negatively impact health and wellbeing. Occupational therapy can support recovery by facilitating engagement in everyday activities that promote health. To date, the inclusion of occupational therapy in addiction recovery is limited and the evidence base for occupation-focused interventions is lacking. This study explores the impact of an occupational therapy-led intervention on self-reported occupational performance and occupational balance issues for people living with SUDs within an inpatient addiction service.Methodology:A quantitative pre and post-test study was implemented. The Canadian Personal Recovery Outcome Measure (C-PROM) was the sole outcome measure. The C-PROM is a self-report measure which aims to measure personal views of recovery based on rating activity engagement. The cohort of participants were recruited from referrals into 2 inpatient addiction recovery treatment programmes using purposive sampling. Descriptive statistics were run, and a Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used to analyse pre and post-test scoring.Results:Sixteen participants (9 male and 7 female) completed the intervention and outcome measure. The majority of participants (31.3%, n = 5) were between 45 and 54 years old. 25% of the sample (n = 4) were in the 35 to 44 age bracket while 18.8% (n = 3) were aged 55 to 64. The majority of participants (68.8%, n = 11) reported substance misuse as their main healthcare concern. The mean score on the C-PROM was significantly higher after participants received the intervention when compared with baseline scoring.Conclusion:Following engagement with an occupational therapist-led intervention participants reported increased engagement in activities and occupational performance. Participants also reported improved occupational balance and increased awareness of personal recovery needs. Further research is required to explore the effectiveness of this intervention in larger samples and to explore the transferability and sustainability of skills post discharge.
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
PubDate: 2023-03-31T10:25:07Z
DOI: 10.1177/11782218231165123
Issue No: Vol. 17 (2023)
- Association of Dopamine Transporter Gene (DAT1) 40 bp 3′ UTR VNTR
Polymorphism (rs28363170) and Cannabis Use Disorder
Authors: Holiness SA Olasore, Akinniyi A Osuntoki, Olubunmi A Magbagbeola, Abdur-Rasheed B Awesu, Anthony A Olashore
Abstract: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2023.
Introduction:Cannabis remains the most widely used illicit drug among Nigerians, often associated with psychiatric disorders. Since genetic predisposition has been implicated in substance use disorders, we, therefore, aimed at finding out the relationship between dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) polymorphism and cannabis use disorder.Methods:We recruited 104 patients from a tertiary psychiatric facility in Lagos, Nigeria, who were diagnosed with cannabis use disorder according to ICD-10 and 96 non-smokers as a comparative group. The smokers were screened with Cannabis Use Disorder Identification Test (CUDIT), and cannabis dependence was assessed with the Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS). Genotyping was carried out for the 40 bp 3′ UTR VNTR of the DAT1 (rs28363170).Results:The frequencies of 9R/9R, 9R/10R, 10R/10R among non-smokers and smokers were 14 (14.3%), 25 (26.2%), 57 (59.5%) and 17 (16.3%), 54 (51.9%), 33 (31.7%) respectively. The genotype distribution was in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) only in the smokers’ population (χ² = 1.896, P = .166). Individuals with the 10R allele were almost twice as likely as the 9R carriers to smoke cannabis (OR = 1.915, 95% CI: 1.225-2.995). However, this polymorphism was not associated with the quantity of cannabis smoked, age at onset of smoking, CUDIT, and SDS scores.Conclusion:The DAT VNTR polymorphism was associated with cannabis smoking but not cannabis use disorder.
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
PubDate: 2023-03-31T10:23:06Z
DOI: 10.1177/11782218231163696
Issue No: Vol. 17 (2023)
- Comparing COVID-19-related Morbidity and Mortality Between Patients With
and Without Substance Use Disorders: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Angela McLaughlin, Rebecca Burns, Morgan Ryan, Wafaa Abbasi, Leah Harvey, Jacqueline Hicks, Pranay Sinha, Sabrina A Assoumou
Abstract: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2023.
Objectives:People with substance use disorders (SUD) are suggested to have higher risk of hospitalization, intubation, or death from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), although data are mixed. Little is known about other COVID-19-related complications in this group. We compared morbidity and mortality among individuals with and without SUD who were admitted to an urban safety net hospital with COVID-19 early in the pandemic, contemporaneous to other published studies on this subject.Methods:We performed a retrospective study of patients ⩾18 years old admitted with COVID-19 from March 16th to April 8th, 2020. SUD included alcohol, opioid, cocaine, amphetamine, and benzodiazepine use disorders and was identified using diagnostic codes, free text clinical documentation, and urine drug screens. The primary outcome was inpatient mortality. Secondary outcomes included clinical complications (eg, secondary infections, venous thromboembolism) and resource utilization (eg, mechanical ventilation, length of stay). We used multivariable regression to assess the relationship between SUD and mortality.Results:Of 409 patients, the mean age was 56 years and 13.7% had SUD. Those with SUD were more likely to be male, have experienced homelessness, have pulmonary disease or hepatitis C, or use tobacco or cannabis. After multivariable analysis, SUD was not associated with mortality (aOR 1.03; 95% CI, 0.31-3.10). Secondary outcomes were also similar between groups.Conclusions:Our findings suggest that persons with and without SUD have similar COVID-19-related outcomes. Previously reported increased COVID-19 complications may be from medical comorbidities.
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
PubDate: 2023-03-22T10:22:00Z
DOI: 10.1177/11782218231160014
Issue No: Vol. 17 (2023)
- Prior Periods of Abstinence Among Adults With an Alcohol Use Disorder: A
Qualitative Template Analysis
Authors: Orrin D. Ware, Breanna Labos, Daniella Hudgins, Nathan A. Irvin, Megan E. Buresh, Cecilia L. Bergeria, Mary M. Sweeney
Abstract: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2023.
Abstaining from substance use is a goal of many people with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Understanding patient perspectives of a period of abstinence may assist persons with AUD in achieving this goal. We accessed the electronic health records of adults with AUD entering an emergency department in Baltimore, Maryland, who received a brief peer support intervention for substance use. Data contained open-ended text entered by staff after a patient indicated ever having a sustained period of substance abstinence. Using qualitative template analysis methodology, we identified codes and themes from these open-ended responses from N = 153 adults with AUD. The sample was primarily male (n = 109, 71.2%) and White (n = 98, 64.1%) with an average age of 43.8 years (SD = 11.2). Themes identified included the abstinence length, abstinence reason, relapse, triggers, time of relapse, and treatment. The most common code for abstinence length was “between 1 and 5 years” (n = 55, 35.9%). Other abstinence length codes included “less than 1 year” and “more than 5 years.” Relapse triggers included “family (non-death),” “death of a loved one,” “social,” “economic,” and “treatment-related” reasons. Findings from this study could be used to inform strategies for peer support interventions to assist patients with substance abstinence.
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
PubDate: 2023-03-22T10:17:58Z
DOI: 10.1177/11782218231162468
Issue No: Vol. 17 (2023)
- Association Between Buprenorphine Dose and the Urine
“Norbuprenorphine” to “Creatinine” Ratio: Revised
Authors: Hiroko Furo, Timothy Wiegand, Meenakshi Rani, Diane G Schwartz, Ross W Sullivan, Peter L Elkin
Abstract: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2023.
Background:Utilizing a 1-year chart review as the data, Furo et al. conducted a research study on an association between buprenorphine dose and the urine “norbuprenorphine” to “creatinine” ratio and found significant differences in the ratio among 8-, 12-, and 16-mg/day groups with an analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. This study expands the data for a 2-year chart review and is intended to delineate an association between buprenorphine dose and the urine “norbuprenorphine” to “creatinine” ratio with a higher statistical power.Methods:This study performed a 2-year chart review of data for the patients living in a halfway house setting, where their drug administration was closely monitored. The patients were on buprenorphine prescribed at an outpatient clinic for opioid use disorder (OUD), and their buprenorphine prescription and dispensing information were confirmed by the New York Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP). Urine test results in the electronic health record (EHR) were reviewed, focusing on the “buprenorphine,” “norbuprenorphine,” and “creatinine” levels. The Kruskal–Wallis H and Mann–Whitney U tests were performed to examine an association between buprenorphine dose and the “norbuprenorphine” to “creatinine” ratio.Results:This study included 371 urine samples from 61 consecutive patients and analyzed the data in a manner similar to that described in the study by Furo et al. This study had similar findings with the following exceptions: (1) a mean buprenorphine dose of 11.0 ± 3.8 mg/day with a range of 2 to 20 mg/day; (2) exclusion of 6 urine samples with “creatinine” level
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
PubDate: 2023-03-13T12:20:43Z
DOI: 10.1177/11782218231153748
Issue No: Vol. 17 (2023)
- Introduction to the Special Issue on Substance Use and Occupational
Therapy
Authors: Emily F Rothman, Christine Jimenez
Abstract: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2023.
Readers of this journal are undoubtedly already aware that substance use disorders (SUDs) are a significant public health problem. More than 2% of the world population is living with a substance abuse disorder, and 1.4% of the global burden of disease is attributable to alcohol and illicit drug use. What readers may have had less opportunity to consider is that occupational therapists are an underutilized resource in our response to the substance use disorder crisis, and that occupational therapy researchers can provide key insights into the nature of substance use in individuals’ lives and in our communities. That is the focus of this special issue.
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
PubDate: 2023-03-11T10:17:10Z
DOI: 10.1177/11782218231160016
Issue No: Vol. 17 (2023)
- Ethical Dilemmas Facing Substance Use Counselors During the COVID-19
Pandemic
Authors: Caravella McCuistian, J Konadu Fokuo, Jaime Dumoit Smith, James L Sorensen, Emily A Arnold
Abstract: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2023.
Introduction:During the COVID-19 pandemic, substance use disorder (SUD) treatment settings experienced several abrupt changes, including decreased admissions, reduction in services, and modified requirements for medication for substance use disorder. While these changes were implemented to facilitate the maintenance of important treatment options, the ethical consequences of such changes remained unknown. The current study aimed to explore ethical issues related to COVID-19-related changes reported by counselors in SUD treatment facilities.Method:From May to August 2020, we conducted 60 to 90 minutes in-depth interviews with 18 front-line staff in 1 residential and 1 outpatient treatment program, exploring issues drawn from the ethical principles of the national organization representing SUD counselors. Counselors volunteered to participate via phone or email, and participation was confidential. Interviews were conducted via videoconferencing. Topics included day-to-day experiences of ethical dilemmas in the workplace, particularly during the COVID-19 era. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and checked for accuracy and a trained team of analysts then coded transcripts using thematic analysis.Results:As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, SUD treatment programs quickly modified procedures to adhere to public health mandates while also continuing to offer care to clients. SUD counselors reported several ways their programs adapted new and creative procedures to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission. SUD counselors also identified several novel ethical dilemmas that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, often resulting from the counselor balancing the needs for responding to public health mandates with providing services to clients. There were several ways that COVID-19 related changes resulted in therapeutic challenges for some clients, and the SUD counselors highlighted ways that changes resulted in more flexible services for other clients.Conclusions:This study highlights the quick response to COVID-19 that occurred within SUD treatment. While these changes resulted in novel ethical dilemmas, they also offered more flexible and client-centered approaches to treatment.
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
PubDate: 2023-03-11T10:12:20Z
DOI: 10.1177/11782218231158338
Issue No: Vol. 17 (2023)
- A Systematic Approach to Standardizing Drinking Outcomes From Timeline
Followback Data
Authors: Christina Marini, Nicole S Northover, Noah D Gold, Ursula K Rogers, Kelley C O’Donnell, Babak Tofighi, Stephen Ross, Michael P Bogenschutz
Abstract: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2023.
Objective:The timeline followback (TLFB) interview is the gold standard for the quantitative assessment of alcohol use. However, self-reported “drinks” can vary in alcohol content. If this variability is not accounted for, it can compromise the reliability and validity of TLFB data. To improve the precision of the TLFB data, we developed a detailed standard operating procedure (SOP) to calculate standard drinks more accurately from participant reports.Method:For the new SOP, the volume and alcohol content by volume (ABV) of distinct types of alcoholic beverages were determined based on product websites and other reliable sources. Recipes for specific cocktails were constructed based on recipes from bartending education websites. One standard drink was defined as 0.6 oz (14 g) of absolute alcohol. Standard drink totals were contrasted for the new SOP approach and the standard procedure, which generally assumed that one self-reported drink was equivalent to one standard drink.Results:Relative to the standard TLFB procedure, higher numbers of standard drinks were reported after implementing the TLFB SOP.Conclusions:Variability in procedures for conversion of self-reported alcohol consumption to standard drinks can confound the interpretation of TLFB data. The use and reporting of a detailed SOP can significantly reduce the potential for such inconsistencies. Detailed and consistent procedures for calculation of standard drinks can enhance the quality of TLFB drinking data.
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
PubDate: 2023-03-11T10:03:45Z
DOI: 10.1177/11782218231157558
Issue No: Vol. 17 (2023)
- Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Factors Among Elderly in Ethiopia
Authors: Asrat Wolde
Abstract: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2023.
Background:The aim of this study was to investigate the magnitude and associated factors of alcohol use disorder among the elderly living in 3 towns in South West Ethiopia.Method:Cross-sectional community-based study was done among 382 elderly people aged 60 or more from February to March 2022 in South West Ethiopia. The participants were selected by a systematic random sampling method. Alcohol use disorder, quality of sleep, cognitive impairment, and depression were assessed by using AUDIT, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Standardized Mini Mental State Examination, and geriatric depression scale, respectively. Also, suicidal behavior, elder abuse, and other clinical and environmental factors were assessed. The data was entered into Epi Data Manager Version 4.0.2 before being exported to SPSS Version 25 for analysis. A logistic regression model was used, and variables with a P-value less than .05 in the final fitting model were stated as independent predictors of alcohol use disorder (AUD).Result:The magnitude of alcohol use disorder, current alcohol use, and life-time alcohol use among the elderly was 27.5%, 52.4%, and 89.3%, respectively. Also, 7%, 23%, 8.9%, and none of the elderly had nicotine, khat, inhalants, and cannabis use disorder, respectively. Furthermore, AUD was associated with cognitive impairment (AOR, 95% CI; 2.79 (1.47-5.30)), poor sleep quality (AOR, 95% CI; 3.27 (1.23-8.69)), chronic medical illness (AOR, 95% CI; 2.12 (1.20-3.74)), and suicidal ideation (AOR, 95% CI; 5.27 (2.21-12.60)).Conclusion:Problematic alcohol use was higher among the elderly, and cognitive impairment, poor sleep quality, having chronic medical illness, and suicidal ideation were risk factors for AUD. Therefore, community level screening for AUD and comorbid risk factors among this particular age group and managing them is crucial to prevent further complications due to AUD.
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
PubDate: 2023-03-02T06:14:05Z
DOI: 10.1177/11782218231158031
Issue No: Vol. 17 (2023)
- Psychoactive Substance Use Disorder in HIV-Infected Adolescents in
Botswana: A Comparison Between the Congenitally Infected and Behaviorally
Infected Adolescents
Authors: Anthony A Olashore, Saeeda Paruk, Merrian Brooks, Bonginkosi Chiliza
Abstract: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2023.
Substance use is a major obstacle to preventing and managing HIV among adolescents, who account for 30% of new infections in many parts of the world, including Botswana. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of data on adolescent substance use, especially in the region. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the pattern of psychoactive substance use in adolescents living with HIV (ALWHIV). It also aimed to compare and explore the pattern of substance use disorders and associated factors between congenitally infected adolescents (CIAs) and behaviorally infected adolescents (BIAs). Six hundred and thirty-four ALWHIV were interviewed using a sociodemographic questionnaire, the WHO drug questionnaire, and DSM-5 criteria for substance use disorder. The participants’ mean age (SD) was 17.69 (1.6) years, with a male predominance (n = 336, 53%), and the majority (n = 411, 64.8%) were CIAs. Alcohol was the most used substance among the participants, with 15.8% admitting to its current use. The BIAs were more likely to have SUD (χ2 = 17.2, P
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
PubDate: 2023-02-28T05:15:40Z
DOI: 10.1177/11782218231152818
Issue No: Vol. 17 (2023)
- Exploring Roles of Stakeholders in Combating Substance Abuse in the DIMAMO
Surveillance Site, South Africa
Authors: Livhuwani Muthelo, Masenyani Oupa Mbombi, Peter Mphekgwana, Linneth Nkateko Mabila, Inos Dhau, Joseph Tlouyamma, Rathani Nemuramba, Reneilwe Given Mashaba, Katlego Mothapo, Cairo Bruce Ntimana, Eric Maimela
Abstract: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2023.
Background:The increasing prevalence of substance abuse in rural areas of Limpopo Province is a concern for most stakeholders including the families, South Africa Police Service, and social workers. Combating Substance Abuse requires the active roles of various stakeholders in the rural community, due to limited resources for prevention, treatment, and recovery.Purpose:To report on the roles of stakeholders in tackling Substance Abuse during the awareness campaign conducted in the deep rural community of Limpopo Province, DIMAMO surveillance area.Methods:Qualitative narrative design was adopted to explore the roles of stakeholders in combating Substance Abuse during the awareness campaign conducted in the deep rural community. The population consisted of different stakeholders who play an active role in reducing Substance Abuse. The triangulation method was used for data collection (interviews, observations, and taking field notes during presentations). Purposive sampling was used to select all the available stakeholders who actively combat substance abuse in the communities. Thematic narrative analysis was used to analyze the interviews conducted with and content presented by the stakeholders to generate the themes.Results:The prevalence of Substance Abuse among the youth in the Dikgale community is high with a growing trend of Crystal Meth, “nyaope,” and Cannabis(marijuana). The prevalence is worsened by the diverse challenges experienced by the families and stakeholders which impact the strategies targeted to combat Substance Abuse.Conclusion:The findings indicated the need for strong collaborations among the stakeholders (including school leadership) to successfully combat Substance Abuse in rural areas. The findings demonstrated a need for a well-capacitated healthcare services with adequate rehabilitation centers and well-trained healthcare providers for combating Substance Abuse to minimize victim stigmatization.
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
PubDate: 2023-02-28T05:14:21Z
DOI: 10.1177/11782218221147498
Issue No: Vol. 17 (2023)
- HCV Genotype Distribution Among People Who Inject Drug in Turkey: Findings
from Multicenter and Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Nesrin Dilbaz, Murat Kuloğlu, Ekrem Cuneyt Evren, Salih Cihat Paltun, Rabia Bilici, Cemal Onur Noyan, Burak Kulaksizoglu, Vahap Karabulut, Gokhan Umut, Basak Unubol, Enver Ucbilek
Abstract: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2023.
Background:Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is very common in people who inject drugs (PWID). Studies about the prevalence and genotype distribution of the HCV among PWID are very crucial for developing strategies to manage HCV infection. This study’s objective is to map the distribution of HCV genotypes among PWID from various regions of Turkey.Method:This prospective, multicenter, cross-sectional study involved 197 PWID who tested positive for anti-HCV antibodies from 4 different addiction treatment facilities in Turkey. Interviews were done with people who had anti-HCV antibodies, and blood samples were taken to check the HCV RNA viremia load and genotyping.Results:This study was conducted on 197 individuals with a mean age of 30.3 ± 8.6 years. 9.1% (136/197 patients) had a detectable HCV-RNA viral load. Genotype 3 was the most commonly observed genotype by 44.1%, followed by genotype 1a by 41.9%, genotype 2 by 5.1%, genotype 4 by 4.4%, and genotype 1b by 4.4%. Whereas genotype 3 was dominant with 44.4% at the central Anatolia region of Turkey, the frequencies of genotypes 1a and 3, which were predominantly detected in the south and northwest regions of Turkey, were very close to each other.Conclusion:Although genotype 3 is the predominant genotype in the PWID population in Turkey, the prevalence of HCV genotype varied across the country. To eliminate HCV infection in the PWID, treatment and screening strategies that differ by genotype are essentially required. Especially identification of genotypes will be useful in developing individualized treatments and determining national prevention strategies.
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
PubDate: 2023-02-27T09:07:11Z
DOI: 10.1177/11782218231157340
Issue No: Vol. 17 (2023)
- Habits and Routines of Adults in Early Recovery From Substance Use
Disorder: Clinical and Research Implications From a Mixed Methodology
Exploratory Study
Authors: Robert H Kitzinger, Jennifer A Gardner, Mariann Moran, Carly Celkos, Nicole Fasano, Eric Linares, Joyce Muthee, Gabby Royzner
Abstract: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2023.
The purpose of this exploratory, non-experimental mixed methods study was to analyze the habits and routines of adults in early recovery (>3 months) from substance use disorder (SUD). Participants (N = 14) were recruited from an intensive outpatient treatment (IOP) program for substance use disorders. Data collection consisted of a demographic survey, a researcher developed Daily Occupational Questionnaire (DOQ), and follow-up semi-structured interviews with 5 randomly selected participants. Quantitative results indicate rest as the most frequently engaged in activity on the most busy (31.0%) and least busy day (36.6%). There was no significant difference, t(13) = 0.117, P = .909, between newly established activities on the most busy and least busy day. Qualitative themes included 1. The most difficult time of day is often related to patterns of unused time. 2. When there is a lack of structure or unoccupied time, they return to their previously established positive supports. 3. There is a need for consistency and structure for developing anticipated/perceived routines. Implications for all healthcare and clinical providers working with this population, as well as research suggestions, are outlined.
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
PubDate: 2023-02-11T12:56:35Z
DOI: 10.1177/11782218231153843
Issue No: Vol. 17 (2023)
- Process and Outcome of Community Engagement Event on Substance Use and
Addiction Risks Facing Their Immigrant Communities in Regina, Saskatchewan
Authors: Geoffrey Maina, Ghazal Mousavian, Jordan Sherstobitoff, Rejina Kamrul, Barbara Twum-Antwi, Kennedy Lewis, Francia Malonga, Thea Herzog, Razawa Maroof, Denis Okinyo-Owiti
Abstract: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2023.
Canada is a significant destination for immigrants who are drawn from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds some of whom have a hidden risk for substance use disorders due to acculturation stress and are not screened for risks of substance use or addiction when considering medical admissibility. Not surprisingly, healthcare providers in Regina are reporting a noticeable increase in substance use among immigrants. These immigrants experience barriers in seeking substance use prevention and treatment services due to diverse challenges: stigma, shame, and lack of knowledge of existing services. Considering the discussed challenges and risks of substance use disorders in immigrant communities, creating a safe space for discussing these topics is urgent. To understand and address these challenges, a connection grant from the Saskatchewan Health Research Foundation (SHRF) to mobilize immigrant communities in Regina to explore substance use issues and their impact on the community was sought and received. Subsequently, a Zoom knowledge-sharing event brought settlement agency stakeholders together to deliberate issues on substance use and addiction faced by immigrants in Regina, Saskatchewan. The Zoom session included presentations on immigrants and substance use from the clinical, community, and lived experience perspectives of immigrants. Because of the challenges and risks, this community consultation process revealed that acculturation stress and the ease of obtaining socially acceptable substances fuel substance use and addiction among immigrants in Regina; this is further exacerbated by the lack of programming available to prevent and reduce the risks of substance use in this population. A team of knowledge keepers with lived experiences, service providers, and researchers was assembled to explore substance use and addiction among immigrants. This manuscript reports the process of community engagement to identify solutions to this budding issue. The strengths, challenges, and lessons learned are identified.
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
PubDate: 2023-01-23T09:02:04Z
DOI: 10.1177/11782218221150109
Issue No: Vol. 17 (2023)
- Revealing the Meaning of Cannabis Use as an Occupation: A Scoping Review
Authors: Emma Guyonnet, Katherine E Stewart, Jane A Davis
Abstract: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2023.
Background:Occupational science and occupational therapy typically perceive occupations as promoting health and well-being. However, this perspective overlooks the many occupations that are viewed as illegal, unhealthy, or risky, such as drug use. Due to its negative association with health, drug use is perceived as not holding significance or meaning in people’s lives.Objective:This study explores how individuals perceive and describe the meaning of their cannabis use in the context of their lives, from an occupational perspective.Methods:A scoping review was conducted using Levac et al.’ modifications to Arksey and O’Malley’s framework. To examine the peer-reviewed literature, 7 databases were searched using terms related to cannabis and meaning. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the selected studies, and reflexive thematic analysis identified cross-study themes.Results:Fourteen studies were selected. Most studies have been published since 2008, with 5 published in the last 2 years. Four themes were identified across the studies: (a) preserving life; (b) navigating the routines of everyday life; (c) understanding the self, identity, and belonging; and (d) expanding the view of the world.Conclusions:Cannabis use was revealed in this study as a support for navigating occupational routines and enhancing occupational repertoires and engagement, feelings of belonging, and collective user identities. As such, substance abuse treatment practices, including those provided by occupational therapists, should recognize the potential significance of cannabis use within people’s lives. Using a harm reduction approach, occupational therapists can acknowledge the ways in which clients use cannabis to manage their daily routines, while also focusing on supporting clients to reduce the ill-effects of cannabis. As individuals become more engaged in occupations that are significant in their lives, their need for and meaning of cannabis use may change leading to a possible reduction in its use and a shift in their identity construction.
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
PubDate: 2023-01-18T11:03:24Z
DOI: 10.1177/11782218221150113
Issue No: Vol. 17 (2023)
- Using SBIRT (Screen, Brief Intervention, and Referral Treatment) Training
to Reduce the Stigmatization of Substance Use Disorders Among Students and
Practitioners
Authors: Efren Gomez, Matthew Gyger, Stephanie Borene, Amanda Klein-Cox, Ramona Denby, Sara Hunt, Oscar Sida
Abstract: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2023.
Negative attitudes and stigmatization of substance-using patients lead to treatment avoidance and poor physical and health outcomes. Research suggests that training in substance use disorders is a vital tool to abate negative attitudes among health workers. The present longitudinal study trained students and experienced practitioners from various disciplines on the evidence-based Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) model. The study found significant improvements in the attitudes of students—but not practitioners—who were trained during the program. The paper discusses policy and implementation implications to support and complement sustained impact of training on models such as SBIRT.
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
PubDate: 2023-01-16T09:34:56Z
DOI: 10.1177/11782218221146391
Issue No: Vol. 17 (2023)
- Possible Harmful Effects of Smoking Hookah on Sperm DNA Fragmentation
Index and Protamine Genes Expression in Normozoospermic Men
Authors: Maryam Tofighi Niaki, Mohammad Hasan Sheikhha, Mohammad Ali Khalili, Farzaneh Fesahat, Ali Nabi, Mahin Izadi, Saeed Ghasemi Esmailabad, Ali Reza Talebi
Abstract: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2023.
Objectives:In recent years, smoking water pipes or hookah has increased among adolescents in most countries. Although there is evidence in support of the negative effects of this type of smoking on human health, such as the increased risk of lung disease, little is known about the potential effects of hookah smoking on the male reproductive system, especially on the molecular aspects of sperm.Patients and methods:This cross-sectional study examined sperm DNA fragmentation index, protamine 1 and 2 (PRM1 and PRM2) genes expression, and oxidant status in normozoospermic hookah smokers in comparison with non-smoker controls.Results:Our results showed significantly higher rates of DNA fragmentation, protamine deficiency, and abnormal chromatin condensation in the spermatozoa of hookah smokers (P
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
PubDate: 2023-01-02T10:29:34Z
DOI: 10.1177/11782218221144547
Issue No: Vol. 17 (2023)
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