Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles) ISSN (Print) 1754-7318 - ISSN (Online) 1754-7326 Published by Inderscience Publishers[451 journals]
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Authors:Kelly A. Jackson, Barbara E. Mahon, John Copeland, Ryan P. Fagan Pages: 6 - 17 Abstract: Botulism had mortality rates >60% before the 1950s. We reviewed confirmed botulism cases in the USA during 1975-2009 including infant, foodborne, wound, and other/unknown acquisition categories, and calculated mortality ratios. We created a multivariate logistic regression model for non-infant cases (foodborne, wound, and other/unknown). Overall mortality was 3.0% with 109 botulism-related deaths among 3,618 botulism cases [18 ( Keywords: botulism mortality; infants; age groups; USA; United States; food; wounds; botulism-related deaths; Clostridium botulinum Citation: The Botulinum J., Vol. 3, No. 1 (2015) pp. 6 - 17 PubDate: 2016-08-04T23:20:50-05:00 DOI: 10.1504/TBJ.2015.078132 Issue No:Vol. 3, No. 1 (2016)
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Authors:Easwaran Ravichandran, Bal Ram Singh Pages: 18 - 33 Abstract: Clostridium botulinum toxin is one of the potent and classic molecules known to this modern scientific research field. It has dualistic characters: on one hand it causes botulism by blocking release of acetylcholine at the cholinergic nerve endings and on the other hand the same toxin molecule when administered locally at sub-lethal dose relieves various neuromuscular disorders. If the toxin is used intentionally as an act of terrorism, FDA approved therapeutic agents would be needed to recover from the illness. In addition, to prevent from such situations in the future and to protect public from botulism, there is a strong need for a mucosal vaccine. Creating a multivalent mucosal vaccine delivery system would ease the burden at the time of delivery and reduce the cost. Keywords: Clostridium botulinum; drug delivery; neurotoxins; toxicity; vaccines; mucosal vaccine; botulism Citation: The Botulinum J., Vol. 3, No. 1 (2015) pp. 18 - 33 PubDate: 2016-08-04T23:20:50-05:00 DOI: 10.1504/TBJ.2015.078133 Issue No:Vol. 3, No. 1 (2016)
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Authors:Easwaran Ravichandran, Bal Ram Singh Pages: 34 - 40 Abstract: After the extraordinary success of botulinum toxin serotype A in the 1980s to treat a wide range of spasmodic muscular conditions and movement disorders, a significant number of patients were found to stop responding to their treatments with time. When investigated, they were found to have become immune ('resistant') to the products. This second article in a series looks at the next botulinum toxin serotype used clinically after serotype A to overcome this resistance and how that choice was made. Keywords: botulinum neurotoxins; BoNT; historical notes; second serotype; botulism; clinical use; drug resistance; drug immune; Clostridium botulinum; botulinum toxin serotype Citation: The Botulinum J., Vol. 3, No. 1 (2015) pp. 34 - 40 PubDate: 2016-08-04T23:20:50-05:00 DOI: 10.1504/TBJ.2015.078134 Issue No:Vol. 3, No. 1 (2016)
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Authors:Pavithra Janardhanan, Easwaran Ravichandran, Shuowei Cai Pages: 41 - 54 Abstract: Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most toxic substances to mankind, and yet, there are no therapeutics available to reverse the paralysis, the deadly symptom of botulism caused by BoNTs. Here we report that RNA aptamer, selected through in vitro process against light chain of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) showed in vivo protection efficacy against botulism. Our results showed that RNA aptamer not only accelerated the recovery of local paralysis induced by BoNT/A through mouse exercise wheel assay, but also significantly delayed the time-to-death through mouse protection assay, and rescued one mouse (out of six) completely intoxicated by BoNT/A. Our results demonstrated the potential using RNA aptamer as antidote against deadly botulism. Keywords: botulinum neurotoxins; BoNT; botulism antidote; therapeutics; RNA aptamer; Clostridium botulinum; local paralysis Citation: The Botulinum J., Vol. 3, No. 1 (2015) pp. 41 - 54 PubDate: 2016-08-04T23:20:50-05:00 DOI: 10.1504/TBJ.2015.078135 Issue No:Vol. 3, No. 1 (2016)
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Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
