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Revista Brasileira de Ciências Ambientais
Number of Followers: 3  Open Access journalISSN (Print) 1808-4524 - ISSN (Online) 2176-9478 Published by Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental  [1 journal]
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- Extreme weather events as agents of natural local extinction of bird
populations in riparian forests
Authors: Marcos Antônio Pesquero, Crizanto Brito De Carvalho, Dhesy Allax Cândido de Freitas, Letícia Moraes de Faria, Filipe Viegas de Arruda
Pages: e1926 - e1926
Abstract: Natural history comprises important biological aspects in the establishment of public policies for biodiversity conservation. Climate change has expanded this challenge, making it necessary to evaluate and predict its negative impacts on biological systems. In this context, we evaluated the effect that floods have on the reproductive success of birds like the Amazonian motmot (Momotus momota), rufous-tailed jacamar (Galbula ruficauda), and swallow tanager (Tersina viridis) that nest on the banks of the Maria Lucinda stream in the municipality of Morrinhos, state of Goiás, Brazil. We identified, measured, and monitored 87 nests over five years. Predation represented the main cause of nest losses, with more significant rates for rufous-tailed jacamar (21%) and swallow tanager (21%). However, the record rain of October 2021 resulted in increased volume of the Maria Lucinda stream causing considerable losses of low-height nests, highlighting the vulnerability of this group of birds to climate change. The study emphasizes the need for stricter conservation policies of riparian forests — environments considered relevant in providing ecosystem services.
PubDate: 2024-07-26
DOI: 10.5327/Z2176-94781926
Issue No: Vol. 59 (2024)
- Requeijão Moreno, a product of the Mucuri Valley in Minas Gerais and its
socioeconomic importance
Authors: Julia Sousa Ribeiro do Val, Cleide Aparecida Bomfeti
Pages: e2072 - e2072
Abstract: Artisanal cheese production in Brazil is a tradition and is on the rise. In Minas Gerais state, the “Queijo Minas Artesanal” is a national historical and cultural intangible heritage, with several recognized regions. The present research sought to characterize the production technique of Requeijão Moreno in the Mucuri Valley. Producer profiling and production flowchart were drawn by applying semi-structured questionnaires to producers while visiting thirteen family farming properties (25% sampling), selected by the Minas Gerais Technical Assistance and Rural Extension Company (EMATER) MG from among the municipalities in the Teófilo Otoni microregion. It was confirmed that the Requeijão Moreno production is a family tradition, produced mostly by couples aged 56 to 70 with incomplete primary education, and primarily natural of the region. The Requeijão Moreno contribution to the familiar income of the visited producers is between 80 and 100%, with variations influenced by typical regional seasonality and other environmental factors. The resulting data revealed that the research area would greatly benefit from local development programs based on territoriality to add value to rural producers, to the Requeijão Moreno as a product, and the terroir, while fostering socioeconomic advancements. As a result, the present research may contribute to the recognition of the region, possible regulation of Requeijão Moreno production, and the perpetuation of this traditional delicacy from Mucuri Valley (MG).
PubDate: 2024-07-26
DOI: 10.5327/Z2176-94782072
Issue No: Vol. 59 (2024)
- Bacuri and macaxeira waste: physical-chemical characterization and
production of coconut bioaroma by solid-state fermentation
Authors: Adriana Silva do Nascimento, Selma Gomes Ferreira Leite, Ulisses Magalhães Nascimento, Germildo Juvenal Muchave, Ana Zelia Silva, Elian Ribeiro Chaves, Margareth Santos Costa Penha, Joyce Benzaquem Ribeiro, Cristiano Piacsek Borges
Pages: e2118 - e2118
Abstract: Agro-industrial waste is considered a global concern. Many of these residues are composed of considerable amounts of lipids and starch that can potentially be applied in bioprocesses, as is the case with residues from the bacuri fruit (Platonia insignis Mart.) and sweet cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), practically unexploited in the bioproduction of aromas. This work aimed to characterize these residues and evaluate the bioproduction of coconut aroma 6-pentyl-α-pyrone from solid-state fermentation using the fungi Trichoderma harzianum. The waste underwent characterization. Fermentations were conducted under different humidification conditions (water, nutrient solution without additives, and nutrient solutions with glucose or sucrose) for nine days. Aromatic compounds were extracted by solid-phase microextraction and subsequently quantified by gas chromatography. Analyses with bacuri residue revealed the presence of some compounds with nutritional potential for the fungus. Still, the inhibition halo detected for Trichodermaproved others, such as resinous derivatives that were probably responsible for the lack of growth and bioproduction. In sweet cassava, the compounds detected were not growth inhibitors and had low aroma production, not exceeding 7 ppm (weight/weight). Strategically, these residues were mixed and, in the presence of a nutrient solution with sucrose, a maximum production of 202.46±1.30 ppm (w/w) of 6-pentyl-α-pyrone was achieved, proving an excellent alternative. Cassava probably served as an environment for easy germination of fungal spores and bacuri, as an important source for bioexploitation of nutrients, especially lipids, resulting in increased production of 6-pentyl-α-pyrone.
PubDate: 2024-07-26
DOI: 10.5327/Z2176-94782118
Issue No: Vol. 59 (2024)
- Impact of operating cycle type on alginate-like exopolysaccharide and
tryptophan production in aerobic granular sludge systems
Authors: Francisca Kamila Amancio Frutuoso, Amanda Nascimento de Barros, Amanda Ferreira dos Santos, Antônio Ricardo Mendes Barros, Silvio Luiz de Sousa Rollemberg, André Bezerra dos Santos
Pages: e1921 - e1921
Abstract: As wastewater treatment advances, there is a growing need to remove pollutants and recover valuable resources. This study focuses on the optimization of the aerobic granular sludge process, exploring the impact of varying the anaerobic period on the production of bioresources, i.e., on the synthesis of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), alginate-like exopolysaccharides (ALE — like exopolysaccharides), and tryptophan (TRP). To this end, two sequential batch reactors (SBRs) were used, R1 and R2, fed with acetic and propionic acid, respectively, and subjected to different durations of the anaerobic phase (100, 70, 35, and 0 min) in the total cycle time of 6 h. The results were similar regarding COD, N, and P removal. However, R2 showed greater nitrate accumulation. Statistical analyses highlighted significant variations in SPE concentrations in the different phases (p<0.05) in both systems. ALE production in R1 was highest in the initial phase, decreasing with the reduction of the anaerobic period. However, this trend was not observed in the R2 system (p≈0.13). Tryptophan production remained stable across all phases for both systems. The results reveal that the duration of the anaerobic period significantly influences bioresource production, emphasizing the importance of defining optimal operational conditions for efficient resource recovery in wastewater treatment.
PubDate: 2024-07-25
DOI: 10.5327/Z2176-94781921
Issue No: Vol. 59 (2024)
- Microplastics in Brazilian coastal environments: a systematic review
Authors: Márcia Escrobot, Thomaz Aurélio Pagioro, Lucia Regina Rocha Martins, Adriane Martins de Freitas
Pages: e1719 - e1719
Abstract: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the current scenario of research on microplastics (MPs) in Brazilian coastal environments, considering beaches and also environments not yet reported in previous reviews, such as estuaries, mangroves, and reefs. Five databases were consulted, and 102 articles on the subject published between 2018 and 2023 were selected. The universities and research institutions that most published in this period were from the Southeast region (37.3% of the articles), followed by the Northeast region (34.3%). Universities in the states of Rio de Janeiro (15.7%) and Pernambuco (15.7%) lead the number of publications, followed by São Paulo (11.8%), Rio Grande do Sul (11.8%), and Espírito Santo (7.8%). About the coastal environments studied, 70% of the studies evaluated the presence of MPs on beaches, 26% on mangroves, 2% on estuaries, and 2% on coral reefs. Studies that evaluated its presence in marine biota corresponded to 43% of the articles, sediment (42%), and water (14%). The most studied organisms were bony fish (42%), bivalves (17%), crustaceans (7%), seabirds (7%), turtles (7%), and microfauna (5%). Despite growing, the distribution of study locations is still uneven and not related to the length of the coastline of each state. As for the origin, the works compiled in this study infer that the main sources of PMs are tourism, fishing, and river discharge, while the action of waves and winds contributes to the dispersion of these particles to less urbanized beaches and remote locations.
PubDate: 2024-07-19
DOI: 10.5327/Z2176-94781719
Issue No: Vol. 59 (2024)
- Changes in landscape structure in the Pratigi Environmental Protection
Area, Bahia, Brazil
Authors: karine de Cerqueira Silva Oliveira, Willian Moura de Aguiar, Rodrigo Nogueira Vasconcelos, Leonel Enrique Sánchez Currihuinca, Alessandra Nasser Caiafa
Pages: e1777 - e1777
Abstract: This study examined the landscape structure of a sustainable-use conservation unit within the Atlantic Forest biome in Bahia, Brazil, from a landscape ecology perspective. The primary objective was to analyze the landscape structure of the Pratigi Environmental Protection Area (Pratigi EPA) using structural landscape metrics. The research focused the question: What were the changes in the landscape structure patterns within the Pratigi EPA between 1985 and 2021' Annual land use and occupation data for Brazil from 1985 to 2021 were obtained from the MapBiomas database, and landscape metrics were analyzed using R software. The results indicated that the forest class was predominant in the landscape but decreased from 122,394.15 ha in 1985 to 107,737.29 ha in 2021, a loss of 14,656.86 ha. Conversely, the agriculture class increased from 28,298.88 ha in 1985 to 43,453.62 ha in 2021, representing an increase of 15,154.74 ha. These findings support the hypothesis that the exploitation of natural resources within the Pratigi EPA may reduce biodiversity due to the expansion of agricultural activities. Therefore, new public policies and the implementation of sustainable measures to mitigate environmental conflicts are necessary to preserve ecological and ecosystem processes in the region.
PubDate: 2024-07-19
DOI: 10.5327/Z2176-94781777
Issue No: Vol. 59 (2024)
- Pathogenicity of bacteria and viruses to Spodoptera frugiperda
(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Elisangela de Souza Loureiro, Lidiane Arissa Yokota, Gabriella Silva de Gregori, Andressa Silva Rodrigues, Luis Gustavo Amorim Pessoa, Pamella Mingotti Dias
Pages: e1952 - e1952
Abstract: Combining integrated pest management and biological control has been an effective, economical, and sustainable strategy for controlling agricultural pests. The larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda, apest of several crops, cause financial losses to the agribusiness sector, and entomopathogens have been widely used for the biological control of this species. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the pathogenicity of bacteria and viruses for the control of S. frugiperda under laboratory conditions. Two bioassays were conducted in a completely randomized design, one using second-instar and other using third-instar larvae, with six treatments and five replications. The entomopathogens used were S. frugiperdaMultiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV), Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV), Bacillus subtilis, B. thuringiensis subsp. thoworthy, and B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. Mortality was assessed daily until the end of the larval cycle. Analysis of variance (F-test) was applied, followed by mean comparison through the Scott-Knott test at a 5% significance level. The efficacy of the entomopathogens as bioinsecticides was evaluated using Abbott’s formula. Overall, the most effective entomopathogens for controlling second-instar S. frugiperdalarvae were SfMNPV and B. subtilis, resulting in 100% control, whereas AcMNPV was the most effective against third-instar larvae, showing maximum lethality in 76.67% of samples.
PubDate: 2024-07-19
DOI: 10.5327/Z2176-94781952
Issue No: Vol. 59 (2024)
- A Review of Anthocyanin Extraction and Bioethanol Production from Fruit
Residues
Authors: Loisleini Fontoura Saldanha, Helen Treichel
Pages: e1933 - e1933
Abstract: The growth in fruit consumption worldwide has generated an increase in waste. One way to value this residue and reduce future environmental problems is by using some of the available bioactive compounds. Among the compounds found in this kind of waste are cellulose, hemicellulose, soluble sugars, reducing sugars, organic acids, and polyphenols, that is, biocompounds with potential industrial applications. Conventional or unconventional extraction techniques can recover these added-value compounds, such as anthocyanins, that act as natural dyes. Other processes can be applied to this residue, such as hydrolysis and fermentation, to obtain reducing sugars and produce biofuels. In this context, this review provides information about using fruit waste through anthocyanin extraction techniques and reducing sugars in bioethanol production, considering the importance of using biorefinery integrated into constructing a circular economy.
PubDate: 2024-07-12
DOI: 10.5327/Z2176-94781933
Issue No: Vol. 59 (2024)
- Implementation of a low-cost single-family sewage treatment system
utilizing end-of-life tires: a sustainable approach
Authors: Pablo Virgolino Freitas, João Henrique Macedo Sá, Tales Abreu Tavares de Sousa, Maycon Magalhães Castro, Jessé Luís Padilha, Artur Gonçalves Pinheiro, Davi Edson Sales e Souza
Pages: e1990 - e1990
Abstract: Basic sanitation is crucial for a healthy and sustainable life, especially in developing countries, where sanitary sewage and management of solid waste, such as end-of-life tires, are significant challenges. This study presents a research methodology of applied nature featuring the innovative and low-cost implementation of an individual residential sewage treatment system, which uses unusable tires (TIRE-ATS) as a substitute for masonry walls. The study was divided into four phases: (I) local data collection and selection of a pilot residence, (II) design and sizing of the system, (III) system implementation, and (IV) analysis of financial and environmental advantages. The municipality studied has serious deficiencies regarding unusable tires, such as the absence of reverse logistics, the burning of these wastes in landfill areas, and the inexistence of sanitary sewage. The system proved to be effective, requiring 18 end-of-life tires for its construction, which would remove 64,782 tires from the environment for the benefit of a neighborhood, fostering the green economy with safe, durable, and watertight units. The financial advantage of TIRE-ATS over the masonry system was 18%, which is quite attractive to the local population, most of whom are economically underprivileged. The sustainability of tire reuse represents a notable environmental advantage, progressing toward the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations Organization.
PubDate: 2024-07-05
DOI: 10.5327/Z2176-94781990
Issue No: Vol. 59 (2024)
- Comparison of electrocoagulation and physicochemical coagulation/
flocculation in the treatment of synthetic textile wastewater
Authors: Luis Gustavo Bressan, Gabriela Cristina Perusin Flores, Nicolas Jonas Biolchi, Mikaellen Escobar Maria Mendes, Adriana Dervanoski, Eduardo Pavan Korf, Gean Delise Leal Pasquali
Pages: e1803 - e1803
Abstract: This study aimed to compare the efficiency of coagulation/flocculation and electrocoagulation treatments applied to synthetic textile wastewater containing navy blue dye (AM-16). For the coagulation/flocculation process, polyaluminum chloride (PAC 18%) and aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) were used as coagulants, and cationic polymer (CP) as a coagulation aid. Coagulation/flocculation treatments were assessed at the concentrations of 150–350 mg L-1 for dye, 10–50 mg L-1for PAC 18%, and 0.1–0.5 mg L-1 for CP, with initial pH ranging from 5 to 9. The same ranges were applied for the Al2(SO4)3 tests, except for initial pH, which ranged between 4 and 8. Aluminum electrodes were used for electrocoagulation, as well as the same dye concentration range (150–350 mg L-1) and applied current of 0.3–0.9 A. The response variables were contaminant (AM-16) removal, color removal, chemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon, and reduced toxicity using the microcrustacean Artemia salina as bioindicator. The aim was to compare the performance of different treatment methods (coagulation/flocculation and electrocoagulation) and assess how all independent variables and their interactions affected process efficiency. The results obtained through statistical analysis demonstrated that the most influential factor in coagulation/flocculation in removing AM-16 dye concentration was the initial pH, for both PAC 18% and Al2(SO4)3. However, for aluminum sulfate, dye concentration also had an influence, indicating that an increase in pH and dye concentration favored the removal of contaminant. With respect to wastewater toxicity after treatments, there was a maximum average reduction of approximately 11% for treatment with Al2(SO4)3. Electrocoagulation showed no significant variables at the levels studied but good average performance in removing dye (83.68%) and color (95.1%) from the wastewater. Both treatments (coagulation/flocculation and electrocoagulation) demonstrated efficiency for the variables studied and their levels. However, coagulation/flocculation performed better considering the removals obtained in the set of response variables assessed.
PubDate: 2024-07-04
DOI: 10.5327/Z2176-94781803
Issue No: Vol. 59 (2024)
- Bioprocesses and biotechnologies for reducing the impacts of climate
change and socio-environmental disputes
Authors: Talissa Truccolo Reato, Paulo Hartmann
Pages: e1935 - e1935
Abstract: The environment is a constant nucleus of conflicting interests. The environmental conservation, in general, tends to conflict with economic and, often, political interests, generating socio-environmental disputes. Climate change is related to the precariousness of accountability and the insistence on dependence on fossil resources. With the advancement of science and technology, bioprocesses and biotechnologies can act as important mechanisms for ensuring sustainability, avoiding socio-environmental disputes and also helping mitigate climate emergencies. Thus, technologies such as bioenergy, biofuels, bioremediation, and carbon sequestration are important strategies that can help reverse the global scenario of widespread environmental degradation and the potential social collapse. Hence, this study discusses how bioprocesses and biotechnologies can act to avoid socio-environmental disputes and help mitigate climate emergencies. The study is a literature review that carried out using the hypothetical-deductive, bibliographic method, which studies variables and operational concepts regarding climate change, as well as socio-environmental disputes (with examples involving multinationals), bioprocesses, biotechnologies, responsibility, social relations, sustainability, globalization, fossil resources, the Earth’s biophysical limits, among other expressions. As result and conclusion, if investments were channeled into bioprocesses and biotechnologies and not into fossil resources, the dynamics between the environmental, social, and economic dimensions of sustainability would be better balanced, avoiding socio-environmental disputes. However, political and economic willingness is needed, as well as alignment between governments, society, and companies.
PubDate: 2024-07-03
DOI: 10.5327/Z2176-94781935
Issue No: Vol. 59 (2024)
- Microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity and pressurized-liquid extraction for
obtaining bioactive compounds from Solanum viarum
Authors: Tássia Carla Confortin, Izelmar Todero, Luciana Luft, Silvana Schmaltz, Daniele de Freitas Ferreira, Juliano Smanioto Barin, Maicon Sérgio Nascimento dos Santos, Marcio Antonio Mazutti, Giovani Leone Zabot, Marcus Vinícius Tres
Pages: e2070 - e2070
Abstract: Brazilian biodiversity is considered a source of bioactive substances, and one of the species found is Solanum viarum Dunal, which is mainly composed of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. The purpose of this study was to evaluate two non-conventional extraction techniques — microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity (MHG) and pressurized-liquid extraction (PLE) — in obtaining bioactive compounds from S. viarum. Different parameters were assessed that directly influenced the yield and chemical composition of extracts. For PLE, the percentage of ethanol and temperature were evaluated on yield and composition. For MHG, temperature and pressure were evaluated on the same responses. PLE presented the highest extract yield (26.11 wt.%) and bioactive compounds concentration, while the highest extract yield of MHG was 1.68 wt.%. Both techniques indicated efficiency in extracting integerrimine, senecionine, and quinic acid. Knowing the compounds present in plants, using different extractive methods, enables the development of research that addresses their possible potential in the future.
PubDate: 2024-07-03
DOI: 10.5327/Z2176-94782070
Issue No: Vol. 59 (2024)
- Agricultural sustainability: boinputs from bacteria as alternatives to
improve the physiological and morphological development of Urochloa
decumbens cv. Basilisk
Authors: Lucas Santos da Silva, Natália Lima de Espíndola, Brena Maíza de Siqueira Tavares, José Matheus Gonzaga Santos, Vitor Mineu Silva Barbosa, Pedro Avelino Maia de Andrade, João Tiago Correia Oliveira
Pages: e1980 - e1980
Abstract: Microorganisms play a crucial role when they are mutually associated with plants and can be considered a new sustainable tool for protecting and promoting pasture growth. The aim of this study was to bioprospect a microbial consortium with the ability to promote the growth and development of U. decumbens cv. Basilisk pastures, based on the hypothesis that microbial consortia may have similar potential to chemical fertilization. Therefore, five microbial consortia were selected (MIX 1; 2; 3; 4 and 5), previously characterized taxonomically and biotechnologically. In order to achieve the objectives, 7 treatments were carried out, 5 of which were with MIX's, one treatment with chemical fertilization and a control treatment without co-inoculation and without chemical fertilization. It was possible to observe that, in general, the microbial consortia had the potential to increase pasture growth in terms of chlorophyll content, number of leaves, number of tillers, root length, green mass and root dry mass more than the control treatment, and the same potential as the chemical fertilizer treatment for these characteristics. Specifically, MIX 1, made up of the bacteria Kleibsiela sp., Rhizobium sp. and Sinomonas sp., showed a high potential for increase, surpassing the treatment with chemical fertilization, especially in the variables root length, green and dry mass. Thus, it can be suggested that microbial consortia could become an ecologically, socially and economically viable alternative for maintaining pastures.
PubDate: 2024-06-25
DOI: 10.5327/Z2176-94781980
Issue No: Vol. 59 (2024)
- Enzymatic hydrolysis of food waste for bioethanol production
Authors: Victória Dutra Fagundes, João Felipe Freitag, Viviane Simon, Luciane Maria Colla
Pages: e1978 - e1978
Abstract: The concern for environmental sustainability and the rational use of natural resources drives the development of new technologies to better utilize energy sources, culminating in the use of waste for biofuel production. This approach is strategic, as the use of agro-industrial and food waste aligns with the concept of circular bioeconomy and food security, allowing for value addition to waste and reducing environmental liabilities. Bioethanol stands out as the most promising biofuel derived from food waste, considering its chemical composition rich in carbohydrates and fermentable sugars. The biotechnological conversion of biomass into bioethanol requires pretreatment steps to facilitate enzyme action during the hydrolysis process, a crucial stage for sugar release. However, it underscores the need to optimize enzymatic processes, especially regarding pH and temperature ranges for enzyme activity, to ensure efficiency in converting biomass into bioethanol. The aim is to understand the processes involved in the enzymatic hydrolysis of organic waste. The literature review included studies with recent advances on the enzymatic hydrolysis of food waste for the sustainable production of bioethanol, using the keywords “Biomass,” “Enzymatic hydrolysis,” “Bioethanol,” and “Food waste” or “Food residues”. The hydrolysis of food waste for bioethanol production highlights the necessity of selecting the most efficient and sustainable pretreatment techniques, aiming to minimize byproduct generation while fully utilizing the raw material. Additionally, the use of different classes of enzymes in consortium during the production processes is emphasized.
PubDate: 2024-06-25
DOI: 10.5327/Z2176-94781978
Issue No: Vol. 59 (2024)
- Bioconversion of orange pomace using Hermetia illucens larvae: development
and nutritional composition of the larvae
Authors: Daniela da Costa e Silva, Rafael Martins da Silva, Andreas Köhler, Diego Prado de Vargas
Pages: e1974 - e1974
Abstract: Oranges, a popular fruit, generate large amounts of waste, with half discarded as pomace after juice extraction, contributing to 110–120 million tons of citrus waste annually, and posing environmental challenges, especially regarding soil and water pollution. Therefore, this study evaluates bioconversion using larvae of Hermetia illucens (BSFL) fed with orange pomace, analyzing the effectiveness of the process and the resulting larvae’s nutritional quality. Preliminary tests showed that pure orange pomace does not provide the necessary nutritional support for BSFL development. Thus, BSFL was fed with pomace supplemented with farinaceous at different concentrations: LA25 (25% pomace, 75% farinaceous residue), LA50 (50% pomace, 50% farinaceous residue), LA75 (75% pomace, 25% farinaceous residue), and LA0 (100% farinaceous residue). Larval performance, bioconversion development, and BSFL nutritional quality were evaluated. Results showed that BSFL can effectively convert orange pomace, utilize its nutrients, and reduce its pollutant potential. Overall, using only pure orange pomace did not support larval growth. However, increasing levels of farinaceous residue altered development, bioconversion parameters, and BSFL nutritional quality (p≤0.05). It was observed that 25% of the farinaceous residue (LA75) significantly improved BSFL’s overall performance (p≤0.05), also enhancing the valorization of this residue concerning all evaluated parameters.
PubDate: 2024-06-19
DOI: 10.5327/Z2176-94781974
Issue No: Vol. 59 (2024)
- Spatial variability of edaphic attributes on Coleoptera (Insecta) in land
use systems
Authors: Natânie Bigolin Narciso, Pâmela Niederauer Pompeo, Dilmar Baretta, Renan de Souza Rezende, Carolina Riviera Duarte Maluche Baretta
Pages: e1704 - e1704
Abstract: The alteration of the natural landscape structure affects abiotic conditions and promotes a biological response in the local community. The diversity of edaphic organisms is related to the diversity of other taxa and abiotic characteristics, which represent potential bioindicators of the ecosystem. The objective of this study was to identify which soil attributes explain the beetle community and explore their effects through spatial modeling. The study was conducted in three landscapes in western Santa Catarina (Brazil), located in Chapecó, Pinhalzinho, and São Miguel do Oeste. The land use and cover systems identified were: no-till farming, native forest, pasture, eucalyptus planting, crop-livestock integration, and shrub vegetation. Soil, plant litter, and Coleoptera samples were collected.The variables were selected through the Threshold Indicator Taxa Analysis and spatial modeling by Geostatistics. Higher values of soil penetration resistance, associated with the no-till system, resulted in a lower abundance of Staphylinidae beetles, conditioned by total soil porosity. Lower volumetric moisture values, identified in the no-till system near native vegetation fragments, led to increased abundance of Nitidulidae family beetles, due to the family’s adaptability to dry environments. The trend of higher microbial carbon concentration in native vegetation areas explained the greater abundance of Chrysomelidae family beetles in these areas, due to the phytophagous habits of the species in this family. Thus, the Coleoptera community has the potential to serve as bioindicators of soil quality, and their relationships with soil physics, chemical, and microbial attributes can be spatially modeled through Geostatistics.
PubDate: 2024-06-17
DOI: 10.5327/Z2176-94781704
Issue No: Vol. 59 (2024)
- Microplastics on the surface of marine waters of the coast of Santa
Catarina (Brazil): identification by stereomicroscope and FTIR-ATR
spectrophotometer
Authors: Elisangela Silva Lopes Ricardo, Überson Boaretto Rossa, Amarildo Otávio Martins, Eduardo Augusto Werneck Ribeiro, Costantino Vischetti, Cristiano Casucci, Gianluca Brunetti, Arianna De Bernardi, Enrica Marini, Francesca Tagliabue
Pages: e1900 - e1900
Abstract: The oceans are one of the final destinations for the vast majority of plastic waste; in this sense, particles smaller than 5 mm, classified as microplastics (MPs), represent an environmental challenge with global impact on several ecosystems. The work evaluated the presence of MPs in marine waters off the northern coast of Santa Catarina (Brazil), addressing sampling procedures, opening, characterization, and polymer identification. A low-cost equipment developed with easily accessible materials was tested in the sampling, showing excellent results in terms of buoyancy, stability, and mechanical strength. The concentration of MPs obtained in the study was 0.01 MPs per m3. The particles found were analyzed by stereomicroscopy and classified according to morphological aspects in relation to shape into fragments 58,00%, films 25,00%, and lines 17,00%, and regarding the aspect related to color, blue was predominant. The characterization and polymeric identification was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy coupled to the total attenuated reflectance module (FTIR-ATR). The types of polymers identified were: polyethylene 33,33%; polypropylene 25,00%; butadiene-styrene copolymer 25,00%, and cellulose 16,66%. The work contributed to the evaluation of an area not yet studied in relation to the presence of MPs in marine waters, while at the same time described in detail the methodologies for analyzing microplastics proposed in the specialized literature.
PubDate: 2024-06-04
DOI: 10.5327/Z2176-94781900
Issue No: Vol. 59 (2024)
- Popular knowledge and perceptions of invasive exotic species in Acre,
Brazil
Authors: Marla Daniele Brito de Oliveira Amorim, Igor Oliveira, Marcus Vinicius de Athaydes Liesenfeld
Pages: e1762 - e1762
Abstract: Invasive exotic species (IES) have the potential to promote biological invasions (BI), impacting environmental, economic, and social dimensions, and have increased in the last centuries, due to human activities. In order to efficiently prevent and manage IES, the participation of society in the formulation of public policies is pivotal. However, the popular perception of these subjects (IES and BI) is not commonly integrated into public policies. In this study, we investigated the popular perception and knowledge of IES, BI, their impacts, and awareness of public policies involving IES of residents of the state of Acre, in the Southwestern Brazilian Amazon. We used a questionnaire form distributed online to the 22 municipalities of the state. We obtained a sample of 302 responded questionnaires. Objective responses were analyzed by comparison of frequencies, and open-ended responses were submitted to a textual analysis by hierarchization and similarity. Higher education levels amongst respondents were positively related to the level of understanding on the topic. Most respondents reported possessing knowledgeon issues involving IES and BI and about both negative and positive impacts caused by IES. More than 70% of respondents reported a lack of awareness of public policies to prevent or eradicate IES. Ourpioneering study presents evidence that the popular perception of IES and BI is complex. It provides relevant material showing the importance of understanding popular perception and assimilating this perception into the development of effective strategies to prevent IES in the future.
PubDate: 2024-06-04
DOI: 10.5327/Z2176-94781762
Issue No: Vol. 59 (2024)
- Inhabiting nearby roads: an analysis of the relationship between the
roadkilled mammals and their occurrence close to a highway in Southern
Brazil
Authors: Maurício Quoos Konzen, Daniele Pereira Rodrigues, Marilia Hartmann , Daniel Galiano , Paulo Hartmann
Pages: e1810 - e1810
Abstract: The proximity to roads can change the richness, species composition and the abundance of individuals in the biological communities. Similarly, the number of individuals and the roadkilled species are influenced by the dynamics in the community around roads. The main goal of the study was to determine which species of medium and large-size mammals are more susceptible to roadkill and possible relationships with their ecological traits. The study was developed at the southern limit of the distribution of the Atlantic Forest, southern Brazil. Data collection was carried out for one year, from July 2018 to June 2019. We collected data about the richness and abundance of medium and large roadkilled mammals and in the forest fragments around BR153 road. We recorded a total of 15 species of medium and large-size mammals. The number of roadkills seems to reflect the number of records in the surrounding area, although it is not mandatory. The number of roadkills seems to be associated with a set of factors that increase the possibility of collision with vehicles. The ecological traits by themselves do not indicate an elevated chance of roadkill. The main factors that increase the chances of roadkill in the studied region are broad habitat use and the abundance in the surrounding areas. The ecological traits that decrease the likelihood of roadkills are related to the restricted use of forest fragments. Our data indicate that the capacity to move and occupy different environments, mainly associated with high abundance, increases the probability of roadkills.
PubDate: 2024-06-04
DOI: 10.5327/Z2176-94781810
Issue No: Vol. 59 (2024)
- The role of BRICS metropolises in the management of Waste Electrical and
Electronic Equipment
Authors: Nádia Mara Franz, Christian Luiz da Silva
Pages: e1836 - e1836
Abstract: Urban population forecasts project a rise of over two billion inhabitants in cities in three decades, accounting for over two-thirds of consumption and half of waste generation on the planet with Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) being the flow with the highest growth rate. It is estimated that by 2030, WEEE volumes will reach 74 Mt. The BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) countries will be responsible for a significant share of this consumption and waste in globally prominent metropolises. The aim of this study is to describe WEEE management policies in BRICS metropolises, identifying the actors involved, in order to support the structuring of policies and actions for the sustainable management of this waste. The methodology employs a qualitative approach through case studies: São Paulo, Moscow, Delhi, Beijing, and Johannesburg. The results demonstrate the relevant role that these metropolises play in the sustainable and inclusive management of WEEE, articulating in synergy with the actors to implement policies and related circular actions, aligned with national legislation and appropriate for their territories.
PubDate: 2024-05-29
DOI: 10.5327/Z2176-94781836
Issue No: Vol. 59 (2024)
- Exploring fungal potential for enhancement of environment
Authors: Ester Vieira Gonçalves, Edwin De Jesús Bedoya Roqueme , Marcos Dias Martins , Rodrigo da Costa Andrade, Samantha Salomão Caramori
Pages: e1923 - e1923
Abstract: Inadequate effluent disposal has caused damage to the environment worldwide. This study aimed to perform a scientometric analysis of studies exploiting fungi applied to improve the quality of effluents. We used Web of Science, Scopus and Pubmed databases to search for publications between 1980 and 2023. The pollutants and effluent quality parameters most commonly addressed in scientific literature were identified, revealing trends and gaps in the field. A correlation analysis was performed between the variables Research and Development (R&D), gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, and number of inhabitants per country to investigate whether these variables are correlated with the number of research studies in each country. In addition, a linear regression was performed to investigate the effect of the number of inhabitants per country of each country on the number of studies. A total of 11183 articles were obtained, of which 2001 were identified as related to the main topic, and then more than 30 different types of pollutants were removed, such as primarily including dyes (951), phenolic compounds (682), and heavy metals (562). Concerning effluent quality parameters, chemical oxygen demand was most frequently mentioned in the articles obtained from the literature review (620). The world’s most populous countries produce the largest number of studies related to the topic. Our results highlight the bioremediation potential importance of fungi in the scientific literature, even under inhospitable conditions for microorganisms (such as toxicity, low temperatures, and high acidity), reducing environmental damage in aquatic environments and mitigating harm to public health.
PubDate: 2024-05-23
DOI: 10.5327/Z2176-94781923
Issue No: Vol. 59 (2024)
- Influence of the integrity of the riparian zone on the Capão Comprido
Stream Water Basin (DF) by simulating different spatial discretizations
with the SWAT+ model
Authors: Moíra Paranaguá Nogueira, Priscilla Regina da Silva, Ricardo Tezini Minoti
Pages: e1743 - e1743
Abstract: Riparian zones are areas bordering waterbodies that provide various environmental services. However, the inappropriate use of these spaces, with conversion for urban expansion and agricultural frontiers, has compromised their ecological integrity. The objective of this work was to verify a new perspective for analyzing the influence of the integrity of the riparian zone in river basins based on different possibilities of spatial discretization and landscape representation, of the terrestrial phase of the water balance, from the perspectives of the landscape units available in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT+) model. The Capão Comprido Stream basin in the Federal District (DF) was defined as a case study. There were difficulties in calibrating and verifying the model using SWAT Toolbox software, with Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) and logarithm (log)NSE values below 0.5; percent bias (PBIAS) above ±15, and coefficient of determination (R2) below 0.6. These results, although better than those of the initial simulation, are still unsatisfactory acording to the metrics and values adopted as reference. Despite that, based on the determination of landscape units available in SWAT+, hydrological modeling of river basins has the potential to improve the representation of river basins by differentiating the characteristics of the higher parts of the relief (uplands) from the lower riparian zone (floodplains). Riparian zones proved to be relevant for the conservation of water resources. The simulations confirmed that the increase in these areas contributed to the reduction in surface runoff and sediment load in the river basin. However, it contributed to an increase in lateral flow, percolation, return flow, and deep aquifer recharge.
PubDate: 2024-05-10
DOI: 10.5327/Z2176-94781743
Issue No: Vol. 59 (2024)
- Life cycle analysis of anaerobic digestion processes of poultry litter
Authors: Gabriel Neme Barbosa Veisac Carneiro, Sérgio Francisco de Aquino, Oscar Fernando Herrera Adarme
Pages: e1671 - e1671
Abstract: This article presents results of life-cycle assessment of anaerobic digestion processes of poultry litter (PL) preceded or not by thermal pretreatment (autohydrolysis). For this, the environmental impact categories, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, eutrophication, and soil acidification were evaluated using the ReCiPe Midpoint (H) method. Based on primary data provided by a partner company, life-cycle inventories were constructed for three forms of poultry waste management: i. disposal of in natura PL into the soil, which is the commonly used management technique; ii. anaerobic digestion of in natura PL; and iii. thermal pre-treatment by autohydrolysis of PL before its anaerobic digestion. It is concluded that anaerobic digestion of PL reduces GHG emissions compared to the “business as usual” scenario of soil disposal. The use of digestate (liquid fraction generated by PL anaerobic digestion) as soil fertilizer would result in avoided GHG emissions of 34%, while thermal pre-treatment by autohydrolysis of PL prior to its anaerobic digestion would result in a slightly lower reduction (27%) in GHG. Anaerobic digestion of in natura PL would also reduce the eutrophication potential by 98.2% (kg eq PO4-3/t litter) and the acidification potential by 98.4% (kg eq SO2/t litter) compared to its soil disposal. These results show that anaerobic digestion is a more sustainable way to manage PL than its environmental discharge.
PubDate: 2024-05-10
DOI: 10.5327/Z2176-94781671
Issue No: Vol. 59 (2024)
- Biotechnological potential of growth-promoting bacteria in cotton
(Gossypium hirsutum L.) crop
Authors: Mateus Henrique Freire Farias, Ana Raquel Pereira de Melo, Elis Marina de Freitas, Marcos Antônio Barbosa Lima, Fernando Augusto da Silveira, Éder Galinari Ferreira
Pages: e1906 - e1906
Abstract: Studies involving plant growth-promoting bacteria are attracting increasing attention in the agricultural sector due to their potential to improve growth and production, and to protect plants from biotic and abiotic stresses. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of three species of plant growth-promoting bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Priestia megaterium, and Priestia aryabhattai) on the growth and morphological and biochemical aspects of Gossypium hirsutum L. (cotton) seedlings. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with four treatments (one control and three inoculations) and five replications per treatment. The seeds were inoculated by immersion in bacterial suspensions (109CFU/mL) and then sown in pots. The plants were monitored for 60 days. During collection, the plants were measured for the fresh mass of roots and shoots, the height of the shoots, stem diameter, and number of leaves. Leaf samples were collected and used for biochemical analyses. The results obtained showed that seeds treated with P. aryabhattaihad significant improvements in the parameters of fresh mass, plant height, stem diameter, and number of leaves, and in the contents of chlorophyll (a, b, and total), nitrogen, and proteins concerning plants in the control treatment. Plants treated with P. megaterium also achieved improvements in fresh mass, stem diameter, nitrogen, and protein contents. These results indicate the potential of these plant growth-promoting bacteria for use in cotton crops and can be employed in the preparation of biostimulants and biofertilizers.
PubDate: 2024-05-03
DOI: 10.5327/Z2176-94781906
Issue No: Vol. 59 (2024)
- Mortality from breast cancer and use of pesticides in the western
mesoregion of Santa Catarina – Brazil
Authors: Maria Isabel Gonçalves da Silva, Marcelo Moreno, Clodoaldo Antônio De Sá, Carlos Alberto Rizzi, Eduardo Augusto Werneck Ribeiro, Marcia Orth Ripke, Vanessa da Silva Corralo
Pages: e1784 - e1784
Abstract: Chronic exposure to endocrine-disrupting pesticides may be related to breast cancer emergence in agricultural regions. This study aimed to investigate whether the consumption of pesticides is correlated with breast cancer mortality rates in the female population of western Santa Catarina. A retrospective ecological study was carried out. The number of deaths from breast cancer and agricultural production per planted area in the western mesoregion were obtained from public databases. The average of the standardized mortality coefficients was calculated in the periods: 2005 to 2009, 2010 to 2014, and 2015 to 2019. Raw data on pesticide consumption were grouped from 2000 to 2004, considering that the biological effects of chronic exposure occur late. Thus, previous exposure was considered in this study, in which consumption of pesticides occurred five, ten, and 15 years before death. For statistical analysis, thematic cartography and the Quantum GIS technique were used. The overlay method was applied to perform the spatial correlation. Considering 15 years of exposure, the sum of municipalities with an above-average rate of mortality from breast cancer occurred in 93 of the 118 municipalities in western Santa Catarina, which have an above-average history of pesticide consumption (R2=0.69). In 79% of cases, mortality occurred at a frequency above the average in municipalities whose pesticide consumption also exceeded the regional average. A proportional correlation between breast cancer mortality rates and the use of endocrine-disrupting pesticides was found.
PubDate: 2024-04-25
DOI: 10.5327/Z2176-94781784
Issue No: Vol. 59 (2024)
- Modeling future carbon stock in melon cultivation agroecosystems under
different climate scenarios
Authors: Vanêssa Coelho da Silva, Mônica da Silva Santana, Angelúcia Gonçalves Parente, Rubens Sonsol Gondim, Cleiton da Silva Silveira, Alessandra Monteiro Salviano , Tarcísio Rocha Vicente de Deus , Gustavo Souza Valladares, Vanderlise Giongo
Pages: e1729 - e1729
Abstract: Intensive melon cultivation is based on conventional monoculture models that can inefficiently use natural resources, which, combined with inadequate management, contribute to climate change. The main objective of this study was to model the future carbon stock in melon cultivation agroecosystems under different climate scenarios. The study was conducted at the Bebedouro Experimental Field of Embrapa Semi-arid, Petrolina/PE, Brazil, in an area cultivated with yellow melon cv. Gladial, and eight cultivation cycles were considered. The experimental design was composed of two types of soil management (with and without tillage), two treatments using green manures consisting of 14 species with different proportions of legumes, grasses and oilseeds, and spontaneous vegetation, containing four replications divided into randomized blocks. After 70 days of development, the plants were cut and placed in the soil. Temperature and precipitation data were acquired from the BCC-CSM, MIROC5, CESM1-BGC, IPSL-CM5B-LR, and HadGEM2-AO climate models, following the RCP 4.5 and 8.5 climate scenarios. The carbon (C) stock was estimated until the year 2071 using the RothC model. The treatment with a predominance of legumes and no rotation increased the C stock in the soil, regardless of the climate scenario. The soil tillage did not favor C accumulation, meaning that none of the treatments reached the same stock as the Caatinga. The MIROC5 model in the RCP 4.5 scenario favored greater C accumulation in the soil, while the lowest C stocks occurred in the CESM1-BGC and IPSL-CM5B-LR models under the RCP 8.5 scenario.
PubDate: 2024-04-24
DOI: 10.5327/Z2176-94781729
Issue No: Vol. 59 (2024)
- Bio-oil from coconut fibers: fractionation by preparative liquid
chromatography for phenols isolation
Authors: Rafael de Oliveira Farrapeira, Yasmine Braga Andrade, Nathalia Mendonça Conrado, Jaderson Kleveston Schneider, Laiza Canielas Krause, Elina Bastos Caramão
Pages: e1875 - e1875
Abstract: The great potential of bio-products generated from agro-industrial residues from the biomass processing, as is the case with the green coconut fibers (Cocos nucifera L. var. dwarf), makes Brazil stand out in the field of transformation of these residues, mainly due to its high biodiversity and favorable climatic conditions. In this work, residual green coconut fibers were used in the production of bio-oil by pyrolysis. The bio-oil was fractionated using preparative liquid chromatography (PLC) in silica using solvents of different polarities: hexane, hexane/toluene, toluene/dichloromethane, dichloromethane/acetone, and methanol. Bio-oil and its fractions were analyzed by gas chromatograph /quadrupole mass spectrometer (GC/qMS). The concentration of each compound was carried out by multiplying the percentage area of the corresponding peak by the mass yield of the respective fraction. PLCof bio-oil increased the number of compounds identified by about 170% compared to the original bio-oil (non-fractionated), besides allowing the isolation of nonpolar compounds (mostly hydrocarbons) from polar compounds (mainly phenols, aldehydes, and ketones). Anotheradvantage of PLC was the increase in the number of hydrocarbons identified in the fractions, as opposed to the crude bio-oil analysis. Among the major compounds, phenols can be highlighted, besides furfural derivatives and hydrocarbons, which indicates the potential use of bio-oil mainly for industrial purposes.
PubDate: 2024-04-21
DOI: 10.5327/Z2176-94781875
Issue No: Vol. 59 (2024)
- Transforming orange waste with yeasts: bioprocess prospects
Authors: Gabriel do Amaral Minussi, Angela Alves dos Santos, Thamarys Scapini, Charline Bonatto, Eduardo Dias Fenner, Aline Perin Dresch, Bruna Caline Sampaio dos Santos, João Paulo Bender, Sérgio L. Alves Júnior
Pages: e1859 - e1859
Abstract: It is mandatory to make the circular economy a reality, developing ways of transforming waste into valuable products. In this context, investigating the biotechnological potential of different residues is most welcome. This review analyzes how orange waste can be used as biorefinery feedstock to produce different bioproducts using yeasts as the major biocatalysts. In addition to the current orange market, its pectin-rich biomass is described in detail, aiming to elucidate how yeast cells can convert it into ethanol, xylitol, polyphenols, and organic acids (some of them, volatile compounds). Genetic, metabolic, and evolutionary engineering are also analyzed as biotechnological tools to improve the existing processes. Finally, this review also addresses the potential employment of fruit-dwelling yeasts in biorefining pectin-rich biomasses such as orange wastes. All the data presented herein lead to the conclusion that these residues could already be used for noble purposes.
PubDate: 2024-04-10
DOI: 10.5327/Z2176-94781859
Issue No: Vol. 59 (2024)
- Primacy of the real and interdisciplinarity: contradictions in theoretical
production
Authors: José Henrique Faria
Pages: e1996 - e1996
Abstract: The purpose of this text is to assert the thesis that scientific work, manifested in the production of analyses, theories, and concepts, irrespective of their disciplinary, multidisciplinary, or interdisciplinary origins, only unfolds when rooted in the primacy of the real. The complexity of scientific objects cannot be fully addressed exclusively within disciplinary confines. Discussions centered solely on theoretical, conceptual, or explanatory models, while assisting in transcending disciplinary limitations, do not propel the advancement of scientific knowledge. Contradictions in theoretical-conceptual and analytical production, explicit within disciplinary fields, arise not only from the limitations of disciplines but from how reality is conceptualized as concrete thought. Regardless of the discipline, theory and concept divorced from reality amount to mere speculation.
PubDate: 2024-04-10
DOI: 10.5327/Z2176-94781996
Issue No: Vol. 59 (2024)
- Recent advances in xylitol production in biorefineries from
lignocellulosic biomass: a review study
Authors: Jéssyka Ribeiro Santos, Magale Karine Diel Rambo, Elisandra Scapin
Pages: e1814 - e1814
Abstract: The progression of sustainable practices in biorefineries is pivotal in mitigating carbon emissions and optimizing the utilization of natural resources, thereby preserving the environment. Biorefineries, which convert lignocellulosic biomass into a variety of products, distinguish themselves by efficiently transforming waste into high-value products. Xylitol stands out among biorefinery products. Derived from the conversion of xylose present in lignocellulose, it not only offers health benefits but is also considered an intermediate molecule in the production of valuable chemical products. Microbiological methods for xylitol production are increasingly acknowledged as efficient and environmentally friendly alternatives. These are some of the main factors discussed in this review, which aims to demonstrate the biotechnological route for producing xylitol through lignocellulosic materials. Several studies were observed to characterize various lignocellulosic residues, and it was noted that Eucalyptus globulusand banana leaves exhibit high levels of xylose. By analyzing the most recent researches related to xylitol production, the possibility of co-production of bioethanol using the same biotechnological route of xylitol production was identified. For instance, studies have shown that a combination of bagasse and sugarcane straw, as well as rice straw residue, are capable of producing substantial levels of xylitol and ethanol. The yields reached 30.61 g/L of xylitol and 47.97 g/L of ethanol, and 34.21 g/L of xylitol and 2.12 g/L of ethanol, respectively. These innovations not only promote sustainability but also have the potential to generate positive impacts on the global economy.
PubDate: 2024-04-04
DOI: 10.5327/Z2176-94781814
Issue No: Vol. 59 (2024)
- A bibliometric review of ecosystem services and coastal zones: diagnoses
and trends
Authors: Nivaldo Lemos de Souza, Ranyere Silva Nóbrega, Maria Fernanda Abrantes Torres, Antonio Vicente Ferreira Junior
Pages: e1708 - e1708
Abstract: Bibliometric analysis is an instrument used to quantify scientific production on a given topic. This type of analysis can be applied to show trends in an area of study. This review aims to examine how scientific production on ecosystem services, coastal zones, and ports is being carried out, identifying trends and gaps. The guiding questions of the work focused on the growth of production, the ports as focal points, the ecosystems studied, the methodologies used, and which ecosystem services were the focus of discussion. Searches on catalog platforms were made to determine how many articles would be considered for analysis, and after filtering, 91 articles were examined. The main results show that the years 2014 and 2018 were the peak of publications; the United States of America is the country that presented most publications with 19 papers; ports appear in just over 20% of the analyzed works, and beaches and marine environments, such as the continental shelf and slopes, are focus of discussion. More than 50 ecosystem services were found in the analysis, with “food” and “recreational values” being the most studied services. With the decade of the oceans, there is a tendency for the growth of scientific production, maintaining the relevance of the themes, particularly when studied together.
PubDate: 2024-03-12
DOI: 10.5327/Z2176-94781708
Issue No: Vol. 59 (2024)
- Microcrystalline cellulose: an alternative to increase the resistance of
kraft packaging with recycled fiber
Authors: Yankha Myllena da Silva Van Tienen, Sabrina Ávila Rodrigues
Pages: e1688 - e1688
Abstract: The consumption of paper packaging is increasing. On the contrary, the planted areas of Pinus spp. are showing a trend tendency of imbalance between supply and demand. Therefore, many companies are prioritizing the use of recycled fiber (RF). However, its inclusion can influence the quality of the product. This study aimed to evaluate whether the combination of RF with microscale cellulose will enable the production of resistant paper. The first step involved producing bench-scale samples of Kraft paper (with different percentages of virgin and RF) and characterized it physically (grammage, moisture, Gurley porosity, Z-traction, SCT, and Mullen). The second stage involved replicating the first stage with the inclusion of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and the elimination of Pinus spp. (LF). All formulations were approved for the physical characterization tests, except for the porosity analysis and grammage for F5. In the first test (MCC=0%), there was a reduction in tensile, compression, and burst index of 13.2, 7.3, and 19.5%, respectively, showing that the higher the percentage of RF, the lower the paper’s strength. In the second test for Formulation 3 (MCC=6%), there was an increase in the tensile, compression, and burst index of 9.5, 2.6, and 2.7%, respectively, when compared with Formulation 2 (LF=MCC=0%). This study demonstrates that the addition of up to 6% MCC strengthens the RFs and decreases the dependence on Pinus spp., making it a promising alternative for the production of sustainable and resistant packaging.
PubDate: 2024-03-09
DOI: 10.5327/Z2176-94781688
Issue No: Vol. 59 (2024)
- Nutritional quality of Brazil nuts from different trees and under
different storage conditions
Authors: Ediglei Gomes, Anderson Vasconcelos Firmino, Ana Claudia Lira Guedes, Aldine Pereira Baia, Daniele Alencar Gonçalves, Suellen Patrícia Oliveira Maciel, Marcelino Carneiro Guedes
Pages: e1744 - e1744
Abstract: The Amazon nut is a naturally organic food, considered a functional food for promoting good nutrition and health of the body. Its regular consumption has already been associated with reducing several diseases due to the high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of some phytochemicals, mainly Selenium (Se). The objectives of this study were: 1) to evaluate whether Brazil nut trees that present higher fruit production also have higher Se content, 2) to check for alterations in Brazil nut (2021 harvest) seeds after one year of storage under different controlled conditions; 3) to check for alterations in the proximate composition of seeds (2022 harvest) after pre-drying and storage in the field. The average Se content was 143 mg kg-1, varying from 33 to 544 mg kg-1, with higher values in Brazil nuts collected from trees with lower fruit production. Seeds stored in their fruit for one year had higher moisture content (21%) and water activity (0.91) than those in the climate-controlled cold room and laboratory room, in addition to more carbohydrates and less lipids. This proved the efficiency of seed storage in fruit to maintain germination viability. In general, no significant changes were found in the proximate and nutritional composition of Brazil nuts taken to storehouse of pre-drying and the local buyer’s warehouse, proving that these conditions enable the quality maintenance of fresh Brazil nuts. These results can support commercialization, improvement, and valorization actions in the Brazil nut production chain that favor its quality as a functional and nutraceutical food.
PubDate: 2024-03-09
DOI: 10.5327/Z2176-94781744
Issue No: Vol. 59 (2024)
- Plant growth-promoting bacteria in sorghum development in
coppercontaminated soil
Authors: Juliano Cesar da Silva, Rodrigo Ferreira da Silva, Victorino Menegat dos Santos, Andréa da Rocha Giovenardi, Danni Maisa da Silva, Eduardo Canepelle, Ana Paula da Silva
Pages: e1660 - e1660
Abstract: Copper (Cu) is a metal that can become toxic to sorghum when present in high concentrations in the soil. The use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria can be an alternative for the development of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in soil contaminated with copper. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of Azospirillum brasilense inoculation on the development and copper levels of sorghum cultivated in soil contaminated with Cu, enabling the reuse of these areas. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a factorial arrangement (9 × 2), with nine doses of copper [(0: natural content of the soil), 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 240, and 300 mg of copper kg-1 of soil] with and without A. brasilense inoculation, with six replicates. In the treatment without inoculation, a dose of 200 kg-1ha was applied. Plant height (PH), stem diameter, dry mass of the air part (DMAP), volume, length, and root dry mass (RDM), relative index of chlorophyll a and b, and copper contents in DMAP and RDM were evaluated. The inoculation with A. brasilense allows a higher index of chlorophyll a and b and the development of the aerial part of the sorghum, reducing copper content in the aerial part, enabling the reuse of soil containing 52.5% clay, contaminated with up to 300 mg of copper kg-1 of soil. Inoculation with A. brasilense increases the specific surface area (SSA) of sorghum roots compared with non-inoculated plants grown only with nitrogen fertilization in soil contaminated with copper.
PubDate: 2024-03-09
DOI: 10.5327/Z2176-94781660
Issue No: Vol. 59 (2024)
- Sustainable reduction of sulfate contained in gypsum waste: perspectives
and applications for agroforestry waste and sanitary sewage
Authors: Gilka Maria da Silva Paiva, Gleice Paula de Araujo , Ivan Xavier Lins, Davi de Lima Cavalcanti, Leonardo Bandeira dos Santos, Mohand Benachour, Valdemir Alexandre dos Santos
Pages: e1752 - e1752
Abstract: This review article explores sustainable biotechnological strategies for converting sulfate compounds and lignocellulosic waste, focusing on using sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and the valorization of agroforestry residues and sanitary sewage. SRB show potential in effluent treatment, mine drainage, and the removal of sulfate and heavy metals from wastewater, with their metabolic activity being influenced by factors such as pH, temperature, and chemical oxygen demand/sulfate (COD/SO4=) ratio. In the context of a sustainable bioeconomy, the challenge of converting lignocellulosic waste into value-added products is addressed through physical pretreatment techniques such as milling, extrusion, microwave irradiation, and ultrasound, which are efficient in valorizing waste from urban tree pruning. The article highlights the importance of bioreactors in transforming raw materials into desirable biochemical products, discussing different types of bioreactors, such as batch, continuous stirred tank, airlift, fluidized bed, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB), and bubble column, and their specific advantages and disadvantages. Sustainable sulfate reduction is the central focus, integrating the application of SRB and the conversion of lignocellulosic waste in a way that complements the objectives of the work and promotes a more cohesive flow in the summary. Thus, the interrelationship between effluent treatment strategies and waste valorization is emphasized from an environmental sustainability perspective, highlighting the relevance of this study in the broader context of a sustainable bioeconomy.
PubDate: 2024-03-05
DOI: 10.5327/Z2176-94781752
Issue No: Vol. 59 (2024)
- Improvements in the regulation and implementation of extended producer
responsibility systems: analysis from the e-waste case study in the State
of São Paulo from 2012 to 2021
Authors: Raissa Silva de Carvalho Pereira, Flávio de Miranda Ribeiro, Wanda Maria Risso Günther
Pages: e1698 - e1698
Abstract: The strategy adopted for the implementation of the extended producer responsibility (EPR) in the State of São Paulo was conceived in three phases, the first and second of which have already been completed, while the third is in progress. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the response of EPR systems to the advancement of regulation, based on the case study of waste electrical and electronic equipment in the State of São Paulo. An evaluation of the behavior of these systems was carried out from 2012 to 2021, between the first and second phase of EPR implementation, considering the following variables: established goals, participating companies and results achieved, with two approaches: a) comparative analysis between the two engagement agreements established with entities in the electronics sector, signed, respectively, in the first and second phase; b) analysis of the aggregate results of the systems whose reverse logistics plans were presented to the state environmental agency in compliance with the regulation, between 2018 and 2021. Advances were noted from the first to the second phase, regarding the variety of waste covered, quantity and diversity of actors in the production cycle involved, significance of goals, geographic scope of waste collection points and quantities collected. From 2018 to 2021, the total number of collection points increased 37.4 times, and the amount collected almost quadrupled. The decisive factor for this advance was the publication of an innovative regulation between the two phases, binding the compliance with the EPR to environmental licensing at the state level.
PubDate: 2024-03-05
DOI: 10.5327/Z2176-94781698
Issue No: Vol. 59 (2024)
- Effects of changes in use and soil cover on real evapotranspiration from
the creation of a remote sensing product in the Xingu basin
Authors: Sarah Christina Ribeiro Antunes, Celso Bandeira de Melo Ribeiro , Ricardo Neves de Souza Lima , Augusto Getirana
Pages: e1658 - e1658
Abstract: Several studies have shown that changes in land cover within a given watershed significantly affect the hydrological cycle and its variables. In the Xingu basin, many areas had their vegetation replaced by agricultural crops and pastures, while deforestation has been particularly prevalent in the region known as the Arch of Deforestation. Using remote sensing techniques enable the estimation of biophysical variable ETr for extensive areas, as exemplified in the study basin. Evapotranspiration data used in this work were obtained by creating a product that returns the combined median of the MOD16A2, PML_V2, Terra Climate, GLEAM_v3.3a, FLUXCOM, SSEBop, FLDAS, and ERA5-Land models, with subsequent application of the data provided by Collection 6 of the MapBiomas network, allowing the integration of land use and land cover information with real evapotranspiration estimates for the transition ranges: Forest to Pasture; Forest to Agricultural Land; Cerrado to Pasture; Cerrado to Agricultural Land. The interval defined for the study corresponds to the years 1985 to 2020, according to the historical series available on MapBiomas. After applying programming languages to filter the data, the results underwent statistical analysis to elucidate the effects of soil changes on evapotranspiration. Over the total data period (1985-2020), there was a decrease in forest areas (-16.23%), with conversion to pasture areas, in the order of +12.51%, and agricultural areas, reaching +5.5%. In the same timeframe, evapotranspiration in conversion bands underwent minimal changes, notably from 2009 to 2020, where a decreasing trend was reported of 0.095 mm/month for the “forest to pasture” substitution, and 0.090 mm/month in “Cerrado for pasture".
PubDate: 2024-03-05
DOI: 10.5327/Z2176-94781658
Issue No: Vol. 59 (2024)
- Sustainable valorization of Moringa oleifera Lam. co-products and zoo
waste
Authors: Fernanda Rubio, Priscila Ferri Coldebella , Marcela Boroski, Ana Tereza Bittencourt Guimarães, Caroline da Costa Silva Gonçalves
Pages: e1816 - e1816
Abstract: Moringa oleifera (moringa) stands out as a promising plant in several segments, being produced worldwide. However, its co-products, particularly valves and seed husks, which represent more than 70% of its fruit, remain underutilized. Therefore, this work aimed to assess the use of parts of the moringa fruit in conjunction with sediment from an artificial pond in a zoo enclosure inhabited by Tapirus terrestris (tapir), exploring the potential treatment of these wastes, using Eisenia foetidaearthworms. Five experimental conditions were analyzed, whose waste proportions were varied. The vermicomposts were not phytotoxic and differed regarding the C/N ratio; those that received parts of the moringa fruit had a higher C/N ratio. As commonly observed in stabilization processes, the contents of P, K, Ca, and electrical conductivity increased, while carbon and pH decreased during stabilization. Plant development of Catharanthus roseus was evaluated using, in addition to the vermicomposts, two commercial composts. The vermicomposts provided better development of C. roseus than the commercial composts, with T2 (65% sediment+35% fruit valves) and T3 (50% sediment+35% valves+15% seed husks) standing out as the best treatments. Vermicomposting associated with moringa co-products and zoo waste is a viable alternative via aerobic treatment, favoring waste management and the search for sustainability.
PubDate: 2024-03-05
DOI: 10.5327/Z2176-94781816
Issue No: Vol. 59 (2024)
- Fire effect on bamboo-dominated forests in Southwestern Amazon: impacts on
tree diversity and forest structure
Authors: Izaias Brasil da Silva, Patrícia Nakayama Miranda, Liana Oighenstein Anderson, Camila Valéria Silva de Jesus, Luiz Eduardo Oliveira Cruz de Aragão, Carlos Alberto Campos, Cleber Ibraim Salimon, Anselmo Fortunato Ruiz Rodriguez, Marcos Silveira
Pages: e1755 - e1755
Abstract: Severe droughts increase the forest flammability, especially if fires are recurrent. Considering that fires tend to alter the forest structure and reduce biological diversity, we analyzed the fire effect on the tree plant community and forest structure over a 10-year post-fire period. The study was carried out in two tropical forest fragments located in the eastern Acre State in southwestern Brazilian Amazon. In each fragment, we established three plots of 250 × 10 m2 in an unburned forest and three in a burned forest. In these plots, we collected all tree individuals with DBH≥10 following the RAINFOR protocol, with censuses made in 2011, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2019, 2020 and 2021. The fire significantly reduced the abundance, basal area, and aboveground biomass of tree species, and altered the species composition along the post-fire temporal gradient. The absence of differences in the species richness and species diversity between unburned and burned forests is probably related to the life cycle of bamboo. The results suggest that, 10 years after the fire, the structure and phytosociology of the forest have not yet fully recovered.
PubDate: 2024-02-04
DOI: 10.5327/Z2176-94781755
Issue No: Vol. 59 (2024)
- Challenges for the implementation of the jurisdictional REDD+ in the
Brazilian state of Amazonas
Authors: Abdulai Ismail Seca, Henrique dos Santos Pereira, Fausto Miziara
Pages: e1721 - e1721
Abstract: The forestry sectors of developing countries can contribute to the fight against climate change through financial negotiations, which include the REDD+ mechanism. The jurisdictional REDD+ (J-REDD+) approach has emerged as an option for large countries, such as Brazil, which have profound regional idiosyncrasies that can influence the dynamics of the implementation of a REDD+ system. The study analyzes the implementation of a J-REDD+ system in the Brazilian state of Amazonas, between 2005 and 2022, based on the analysis of official documents and academic studies. The data were used to compile a SWOT matrix, which was employed to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats involved in implementing the J-REDD+ in the state. This analysis revealed that the principal forces include public policy, the combat of deforestation, governance, monitoring, and the targets for reducing deforestation rates. The primary weaknesses include the lack of a state REDD+ plan, recent increases in deforestation rates, strategic challenges, the limited representation of traditional and indigenous peoples on advisory councils, and the lack of adequate transparency mechanisms. External opportunities lie in the potential for increasing the funding for projects, although the external threats include a lack of continuous funding, changes in the composition of working bodies, and the discontinuous nature of local government programs. These findings indicate that implementation of J-REDD+ at both state levels will be crucial to ensure that this approach provides an effective mechanism for the mitigation of climate change, as well as achieving present and future goals for conservation and sustainable development.
PubDate: 2024-02-01
DOI: 10.5327/Z2176-94781721
Issue No: Vol. 59 (2024)
