Authors:Phyo Sandi, Thida Khaing, Kay Thi Nyunt, Nwe Nwe Soe Hlaing, Aye Aye Khaing, Nandar Aye Winn Pages: 1 - 10 Abstract: Phytoplankton are the foundation of food webs and the most important producer in aquatic ecosystems. They can photosynthesize and convert light energy into organic energy. They are a secrete ingredients used as a bioindicator of water quality and pollution. This study investigated composition of phytoplankton in freshwater body of Sunye lake, Mandalay region. The study was conducted one year from January 2020 to December 2020. According to the study, out of 47 total algal genera; Chlorophyceae (14 genera), Baciliophyceae (11 genera); Cyonophyceae (nine genera); Zygnematophyceae (two genera), Euglenophyceae (one genera) and Conjugatophyceae (one genera) were recorded. In this study, among total genera of 37, the class of Chlorophyceae (45%) is the largest group followed by (28%), Bacillariophyceae Cyanophyceae (19%), Zygnematophyceae (4%), Euglenophyceae (2%) and Conjugatophyceae (2%). This present check list study will be useful base line data for further study of phytoplankton in the lake. Aims: The aim of study is to record and give the information’s of phytoplankton existence and useful data for further study and lake ecosystem. Study Design: The water sample was collected monthly early morning once a week throughout the study period. Place and Duration of Study: These sample were collected from natural freshwater Sunye lake during January 2020 to December 2020 for one year period. Methodology: Phytoplankton samples were taken by filtering through 25 µm mesh plankton net and preserved with a Lugol‘s solution and kept in refrigerator for further study. The sample was identified and took photograph by using the microscope (OPTIKA). The results of phytoplanktons were checked with phytoplankton identification key, taxonomic database site. Results: In the present study, 47 genera belong to the six different classes of phytoplanktons were recorded Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Zygnematophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Conjugatophyceae. Conclusion: The current study is first time to study the checklist of phytoplankton in Sunye Lake and should be continuously study to update the checklist data of phytoplankton genera and seasonally abundance which is important indicators of lake ecosystem. PubDate: 2024-07-06 DOI: 10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i8579 Issue No:Vol. 23, No. 8 (2024)
Authors:Ritesh V. Borichangar, Mihir R. Patel, Jeet N. Parmar, Jay B. Patel, Sheetal K. Bharda, Dhruti P. Kotadiya Pages: 11 - 17 Abstract: Crustacean isopod parasites, particularly in the marine environment, are prevalent around warmer seas and can significantly impact local fish populations. Mothocya renardi, a notable species of isopod parasites, commonly infests fishes in shallow, turbid coastal waters. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence, taxonomy, and morphology of M. renardi infesting Strongylura leiura in the Arabian Sea around the northwest coast of India. Samples were collected from Dholai fishing harbor (Navsari District of Gujarat), during the post-monsoon months. Three specimens of S. leiura were found infected with pairs of male and female M. renardi in the brachial chambers, with all female parasites being brooded ovigerous. Detailed morphological analysis confirmed the presence of M. renardi, extending its known geographical range to the Arabian Sea. PubDate: 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i8580 Issue No:Vol. 23, No. 8 (2024)
Authors:Laison S. Kaganga Pages: 18 - 31 Abstract: Over the past three decades, community forest management regimes, which involve collaborative decision-making for forest resource management, have been the dominant form of forest management in the global south. Among other things, this management regime has been associated with improving both forest conditions and community livelihoods. Recent studies, however, indicate that forests under community-based forest management (CBFM) are decreasing, subjecting them to degradation and complete land use change. This study, therefore, assesses the sustainability of Kilongo Forest Reserve under CBFM in Wangingómbe District, Njombe Region, Tanzania. Data was collected from 90 heads of Kilongo Sub-Village households in the study village of Masaulwa using probability and non-probability approaches through structured interviews, in-depth interviews, and documentary reviews. The results showed that Kilongo Forest Reserve conditions improved noticeably over the 20-year period under CBFM through increased forest density, tree height, and undergrowth diversity. This was due to the existence of rules and regulations, as well as villagers' involvement in forest management. However, with the exception of the increased harvests of honey, the results demonstrate that the improved forest conditions did not significantly improve the livelihoods of the villagers. This is because the trees were not mature enough to produce timber. On the other hand, the forest reserve faced the challenge of animals passing through or grazing within the forest, as well as illegal harvesting of forest resources. It was also noted that the presence of numerous actors, multiple power centres, a village environmental management committee (VEMC) that was neither accountable to the villagers nor under their control, and the unequal distribution of benefits all compromised the effectiveness of Kilongo Forest Reserve. This study concludes that Kilongo Forest Reserve management under CBFM is not sustainable. Thus, to ensure the sustainability of Kilongo Forest Reserve under CBFM, there should be a complete decentralisation in the governance of the forest reserve, and the villagers should reduce their reliance on wood for energy by enabling them to use alternative sources of energy. PubDate: 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i8581 Issue No:Vol. 23, No. 8 (2024)
Authors:K S Susmaa, J M Jeni, A Prasanna, D Manikandavelu, B R Sona, K Masilan, B Mahalakshmi Pages: 32 - 43 Abstract: Coral reefs are one of the most bio diverse ecosystems in the world. These are also regarded as one of the major productive ecosystem. The commonly reported threats to coral health include bleaching, over exploitation of fish stocks, destructive fishing and the rapid man-made development in the coastal areas. These environmental impacts have paved the way to the emergence of coral disease and are considered as the most serious issue of coral reefs deterioration. Globally, the major diseases affecting corals are Black band disease, White band disease, Aspergillosis, Dark spot disease, Stony coral disease, Pink line syndrome, Yellow band disease, and Skeletal eroding diseases. In this paper, all the diseases affecting the corals are elaborately discussed. PubDate: 2024-07-13 DOI: 10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i8582 Issue No:Vol. 23, No. 8 (2024)
Authors:Aurora Hernández Cruz, María Elena Cruz Cortés, Iracema Islas Vega, Jeiry Toribio Jiménez, Josefina Reynoso Vázquez, María del Consuelo Cabrera Morales, Jesús Carlos Ruvalcaba Ledezma Pages: 44 - 51 Abstract: Aim: To describe the socio-environmental situation in the vicinity of the Tecámac landfill and the health risk associated with leachates and microbiological air transport. Methodology: An exploratory study was carried out from a visit to the sanitary landfill through direct observation, interviews with sanitary workers and people affected by living in the immediacy of the landfill. Samples of leachate and soil these were analyzed in the laboratory, firstly to achieve the recoverability in Agar Soy Tripticase [AST] and proceeded to their identification by biochemical tests. Results: Among the chemical products perceived when visiting this socio-environmental context is hydrogen sulfide, which impacts the nervous system at the level of neurobiological vitality. The acute-chronic exposure in the population adjacent to the landfill and its leachates is enough to insist that environmental control of this area be warranted. Among the bacteria detected, 60% were Gram-positive bacilli and 30% were Gram-negative bacilli. Bacteria present in this environment are: Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtillis, Bacillus sp and Pseudomonas aeuroginosa, P. putida, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae. Conversation with people denotes exposure to chemicals-microorganisms and risks to human health. Conclusion: The presence of microorganisms and virulence profile are aspects to be considered in these bacteria is their virulence profile, and their biotechnological profile when they present an effect as generators of plant growth. For this reason, the study of this type of bacteria is transcendent in the fields of Environmental Sciences and Public Health. PubDate: 2024-07-13 DOI: 10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i8583 Issue No:Vol. 23, No. 8 (2024)
Authors:Sahinkuye Thomas, Silungwe Festo Richard, Tarimo K.P.R. Andrew, Kashaigili J. Japhet, Mbungu Winfred Pages: 52 - 73 Abstract: The groundwater and surface water interface has been proved evident by the existence of effluent and influent streams. Still, the irrigation sector in sub-Saharan Africa, Tanzania included, is predominantly using surface water and groundwater conjunctively without a clear understanding of the contribution of each of the two water sources. This study was conducted to analyze the water exchange processes between groundwater and surface water in the Usangu Plains. Constrained by data scarcity in the study area, only three hydrograph separation techniques (Sliding interval, Fixed interval, and Local minimum) of the Baseflow Index model third version (BFI+ 3.0) were used. These techniques were applied to estimate baseflow, surface runoff and baseflow indices using river discharge data from six gauging stations across six different rivers. Further, the Mann-Kendall (MK) test was used for trend analysis of the long-term time series baseflow index. Results indicate that the groundwater-surface water interaction exists and the baseflow contributes substantially to the sustainable river flows in the Usangu Plains during both dry and wet seasons. Except for the Great Ruaha River at Msembe, the other five rivers manifested a great reliance on the baseflow with more than 90% of it in the river flows. The MK test revealed that at annual, wet, and dry season scale there are statistically non-significant increasing and decreasing trends in the baseflows. Land and water management strategies such as water allocation measures, sound water usage practices and afforestation may be better approaches to counteract the declines of water flows in rivers of the Usangu Plains, especially in the dry season. PubDate: 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i8584 Issue No:Vol. 23, No. 8 (2024)
Authors:Essien-Ibok; M. A., George, U. U., Ajayi, O. O., Okokon, P. Pages: 74 - 85 Abstract: This paper sheds light on the mechanism of action, potential effects and implication of Senna alata on fish health and ecosystem. Senna alata is renowned for its medicinal properties and ornamental value but is also recognized for its potential toxicity, particularly to aquatic organisms Understanding the toxicity of Senna alata to Clarias gariepinus fingerlings is essential for sustainable aquaculture practices and environmental conservation efforts. 250 juveniles of C. gariepinus were procured from E. I farm Limited in Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State. Water quality tests were carried out to ensure that optimum water conditions were maintained and that the results obtained were solely due to the effects of the treatments (toxicants) on the fish samples. Chronic toxicity bioassay was done to determine the toxicity of the extract on the blood parameters and tissues of sensitive organs of the exposed fish. The bioassay was designed to be intermediate termed chronic test with 14 days exposure using sub-lethal concentrations of the treatment (0.0gm/, 0.18mg/L, 0.27mg/L. 0.4mg/L, 0.60mg/L, 0.90mg/L). Toxicology dose response (fish mortality) was subjected to detailed analysis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 22.0. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Senna alata exerted a toxic effect on the fish in the present study and toxicity increased with increased concentration. These findings underscore the potential adverse effects of prolonged exposure to Senna alata on the physiological and cellular integrity of the fish. Intriguingly, the absence of pathological changes in the control groups suggests a distinct response attributable to the treatment. This highlights the importance of continued monitoring and assessment of the impacts of Senna alata on aquatic organisms and ecosystem, emphasizing the need for further research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and potential long-term consequences. PubDate: 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i8585 Issue No:Vol. 23, No. 8 (2024)
Authors:Josefina Reynoso Vázquez, Rosa Isela Barrera Cortés, Oliva Castro Tenorio, Viridiana Vázquez Morales, Leonardo Daniel Trujillo Mancera, Alfonso Reyes Garnica, Jesús Carlos Ruvalcaba Ledezma Pages: 86 - 96 Abstract: Influenza is a contagious infection of viral origin; every year, it causes a high disease burden, due to the epidemics it instigates throughout the world. In Mexico, pneumonia and influenza are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality. From the time of the Greek philosophers, diseases were attributed to the climatic changes. The WHO Early Warning System notes the influence of climatic that variation for influenza epidemic risk is moderate for. Objective: Determine if there is correlation between the minimum temperatures recorded in the state of Hidalgo, and the influenza cases reported during 2014, 2015 and 2016. Material and Methods: A retrospective observational study was done, which was of transversal and correlational character which conducted a review of data Automated Unified System for Epidemiological Surveillance (SUAVE 2014-2016) and in Mexico Weather Report National Weather Service performed (2014-2016). Results and Conclusions: According to the statistical analysis, it was concluded that in 2014 (Sig = 0.001) and 2015 (Sig. = 0.00) there is a correlation between the minimum temperatures recorded and the number of reported cases of influenza. PubDate: 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i8586 Issue No:Vol. 23, No. 8 (2024)
Authors:Nagajyothi G N, Amreen Taj, Kavana G B, K Meghana Pages: 97 - 118 Abstract: Ferns are the fascinating non-flowering vascular plants found mostly in humid areas as ornamental plants. These are grown all over the word mainly in tropical rain forest areas, which can be easily propagated by spores or vegetatively by rhizomes or bulblets. Because of its varied morphology in frond structures, used as a filler material in decorations, bouquets, flower arrangements and as groundcover, pot plant in landscaping. This review aims to provide a comprehensive and nuanced portrayal of ferns, emphasizing their intricate morphology, phylogenetic classification, reproduction and importance in food industry, medicinal benefits industrial utility and ecological importance. PubDate: 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i8587 Issue No:Vol. 23, No. 8 (2024)
Authors:Ige Peter Oluwagbemiga, Silas Abigail Emunu Pages: 119 - 127 Abstract: Volume estimation is a crucial part of every forest or plantation because it provides the quantity of timber or wood available at a given period and predicts future or expected growth of the forest. Unfortunately, local volume table are not readily available for some–economically important tree species in Nigeria. Hence, it is of paramount importance that local volume tables for economic tree species such as Pinus caribbaea in Area J4, Omo Forest reserve, Ogun state, Nigeria. Aim: The aim of this study is to develop a local volume table for Pinus caribbaea in Area J4, Omo Forest Reserve, Ogun State, Nigeria. Study Design: Simple random sampling was used for this study. Ten Temporary Sample Plots (TSP) of equal size 25m x 25m were randomly located in the selected plantation (P. caribbaea: established in 1997). All the trees with diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥ 10cm in each TSP were enumerated. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the Pinus caribbaea plantation in Area J4, Omo forest reserve, Ogun State from November 9th to 20th, 2023. Methodology: The total tree height, merchantable height, diameters at the top, middle, base, and dbh were measured and used to estimate stand volume. A volume table was developed using five selected models, and the best model was selected using least Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression at α0.05 with R statistical software. Results: The results obtained in P. caribbaea plantation revealed that the dbh and height were 27.93±6.95 cm and 28.72±3.47 m, respectively, while individual tree volume was 0.83±0.57m3. The combined variable model ( was selected as the best model to develop local volume table for P. caribbaea (AIC = -54.73, BIC = -45.49 and RMSE = 0.20). The statistical metrics implied a suitable selected model which can be use for future predictions with minimal error. Conclusion: The developed volume table for estimating the quantity of wood or timber available in the Pinus caribaea plantation at a given time. The volume model and local volume table developed are to be applied only to the Pinus caribaea plantation in the study area for continuous estimation and valuation of the species. PubDate: 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.9734/ajee/2024/v23i8588 Issue No:Vol. 23, No. 8 (2024)
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