Authors:Mohammed Mojeed Ayomide, Oghenero Great Siloko , Ojo Folashade Gift , Oyelade Michael Damoye Pages: 1 - 18 Abstract: This research work was carried out to assess the concentrations of selected trace elements in Eleyele upstream lake, Ibadan, South-Western, Nigeria. Nine water samples and eight sediment samples were analyzed for their physiochemical and trace element properties to quantify pollution of the lake by trace elements employing geochemical analytic tools such as ICP-MS, XRD, and XRF. The chemical index of alteration (C.I.A.) shows an average value of 75.21, 89.64, and 82.39, respectively, which shows zero to low affinity or similarities between C.I.A and the trace elements. The Chemical Index of weathering (CIW) value shows that the trace elements sources are related to the basement rock's chemical weathering. Plagioclase Index of Alteration (P.I.A.) shows that there are low to no similarities indicating the source of the selected trace element is not clay. The trace elements analyzed are As, Ca, Cd, Co, Ce, Cu, Ga, K, Li, Mo, Na, Ni, Sb and Zr. As, Ca, K, Na with a constant concentration of 0.5µg/l, 0.02µg/l, 0.1µg/l, and 0.2µg/l, respectively, Cd, Co, Ce, Cu, Ga, Li, Mo, Ni, Sb, and Zr have an average concentration value of 0.04µg/l, 0.67µg/l, 0.05µg/l, 1.01µg/l, 0.06µg/l, 0.72µg/l, 0.14µg/l, 0.79µg/l, 0.05µg/l and 0.03µg/l, respectively. The result analyses show that Cu has the highest concentration in the water and the trace element ranges in abundant from Cu> Ni> Li> As> Co> Mo> Ga> Cd> Sb> Cs> Zr> Ca> Na> K. Constant work is recommended for Eleyele Lake to protect the lake from an increase in the level of contamination. PubDate: 2023-03-08 DOI: 10.9734/ajee/2023/v20i2433 Issue No:Vol. 20, No. 2 (2023)
Authors:D. N. Choudhary , Abdullah Pages: 19 - 31 Abstract: Greater adjutant stork (Leptoptilos dubios) is the largest and rarest stork belonging to the order Ciconiformes. It is one of the threatened bird species of the world and widely considered to be endangered. The present investigation was carried out to study the nest site selection, nest tree and other breeding behaviours of Greater adjutant stork on the flood plains of Kosi river in district Bhagalpur, Bihar, India in three breeding seasons from 2019 to 2021. Total 12 breeding colonies of Greater adjutant stork were recorded in 2019, 10 in 2020 and 2021 respectively. During these periods, 277 chicks were reared in 123 nests in 2019, 282 chicks in 126 nests in 2020 and 236 chicks in 105 nests in 2021 respectively. Most of the nest trees were located on the road side in and around the villages. Storks mainly selected Kadamb, Peepal, Pakar, Gamhar and Semel trees for the nest building but the Kadamb was the most preffered tree species. Nesting materials used by the GAS were mainly sticks, twigs and fresh leaves of Pigeon wood, Jalebia, Dhaincha, Jamun, Peepal, Gulmohar, Kadamb, and Semal tree. Nests were large spherical structure made of plant sticks mostly on the top of the tree and on the tip of large horizontal branches. Both the sexes alternately shared incubation and protection of the chicks after hatching. The parent birds also collected green leaves from nearby trees for cushioning the nest . The breeding season of Greater adjutant stork was recorded between September to April in Bihar. The incubation period was ranging between 37 to 39 days. Two to three chicks on one nest were common. The adult and juveniles finally vacated the nest before third week of April. PubDate: 2023-03-21 DOI: 10.9734/ajee/2023/v20i2434 Issue No:Vol. 20, No. 2 (2023)
Authors:Bapu D. Deokar, Ujjwala R. Khare , Nitin N. Mundhe Pages: 32 - 41 Abstract: The rapid growth of urbanization leads to the demand for new vehicles. With increasing numbers of new vehicles, vehicle washing centers also increased. Most of these washing centers are used groundwater. As a result, the groundwater level is decreasing, leading to a shortage in the volume of groundwater. Therefore, the present study has observed 13 vehicle washing centers during the dry and wet seasons to calculate the water used to wash vehicles. The student t-test and one-way ANOVA test have been applied to test seasonal variation in water use for wash vehicles using SPSS software. During the study, 762 and 982 vehicles were observed in the dry and wet seasons, respectively. The result revealed that in the dry season, the mean water used to wash motorbikes was (95.83L), cars (219.62L), light motor vehicles (235.64L), and heavy transport vehicles (300.79L). On the other hand, during the wet season, the mean water volume used to wash motorbikes was (128.28L), cars (258.79), light motor vehicles (290.89), and heavy transport vehicles (415.40). During the dry season, 102301 liters per day, and in the wet season, 168114 liters per day of groundwater was used at the vehicle washing centers in Shrigonda town and discharged wastewater into the sewer system. The local Municipality has no guidelines, regulations, or monitoring mechanisms for effluent discharge in a sewer system. Therefore, an attempt has been made to calculate the quantity of groundwater utilized by all washing centers in Shrigonda town, which will be helpful to the Municipality in taking appropriate action. PubDate: 2023-03-23 DOI: 10.9734/ajee/2023/v20i2435 Issue No:Vol. 20, No. 2 (2023)
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