Authors:KANOK-ON RODJANAKID Pages: 1 - 10 Abstract: This research attempted to study the biodiesel production reaction by transesterification of crude palm kernel oil and refined palm kernel oil. From the experiment found that methyl esters synthesized from crude palm kernel oil were lower than methyl esters synthesized from refined palm kernel oil under the same conditions due to the oil's purity and different acidity. Butanol was used to produce diesohol at a low mixing ratio in this experiment. Physical properties, homogeneity were then tested after six months of storage. Conduct the test by D90Bu5B5(RPKO) mixed well without stratification after six months of storage. From the experiment biodiesel produced has a maximum productivity equal to 90.8%. Biodiesel was then used as an ingredient in the D90Bu5B5(RPKO). Then testing D90Bu5B5(RPKO) for physics properties and performance in the engine. From the experiment found that the D90Bu5B5(RPKO) had similar physical properties to diesel fuel except the flash point is lower than high-speed diesel fuel. The result of the performance found that D90Bu5B5 had slightly less torque and brake power than standard diesel fuel with a higher fuel consumption rate than diesel fuel PubDate: 2022-06-23 Issue No:Vol. 9, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Sarayut Chitphutthanakul Pages: 11 - 22 Abstract: The purpose of this research were to study and develop the solar mobile pumping system for the community at the household level and to analyze the amount of water that obtained in each period from the solar mobile pumping system. The main equipment consists of a DC motor pump at 250 watt together with a solar panel at 400 watt, which were installed on a mobile trolley with the dimension of 70 centimeters width, 135 centimeters length and 70 centimeters height. A DC electric fuse, circuit breaker, a DC Surge Protector and a monitor showing the information of the voltage value, electric current, and electric power were installed on the internal control cabinet. The amount of water flow through the pipe of a 3 inch width and 60 centimeter height were also measured. After installing and testing the equipment, the 3 level of inclination (10, 20 and 30 degrees) of the solar cells were examined during 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. on average 6 times in 1 hour with 3 replications. It was found that the highest efficiency for all 3 levels was at 1:00 p.m. The maximum water volume of each inclination levels were 1411.18, 1,965.74 and 1,624.10 liters per hour, respectively. The suitable inclination level was 20 degrees which obtained the maximum amount of water of 13,848 liters or 13.85 cubic meters per day. PubDate: 2022-06-23 Issue No:Vol. 9, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Muangkaew Yutan Pages: 23 - 35 Abstract: At present, high-rise buildings or extra-large buildings are being constructed as residences and offices. When building constructions, the sanitation systems are installed which will encounter obstacles, problems that affect the working practice. Therefore, guidelines were set to reduce the problem of defects to a lesser extent. Which will cause damage to the project in the future, where there will be a study of the problem, how to fix it and prevent it. by collecting problem and cause data into the process of checking which is divided into 2 phases: the design and construction phases. There are two kinds of problems affecting the time working on the budget. divided into 3 levels of severity Study results. Most of the most common problems occurred during the construction phase at stages 1, 3, 5. Almost all building types had a time impact of severity 1, 3 with a frequency of 18.18 - 27.25 percent. And the most common problem, with a maximum frequency of 37.5 percent that the design phase occurred at stage 3 of the factory building, had a time impact of 1, 3. The least common problems and some buildings did not encounter any problems occurred at the design stage 1, 2, with both time and budget impacts, with severity levels 2, 3. PubDate: 2022-06-23 Issue No:Vol. 9, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:KANOK-ON RODJANAKID Pages: 36 - 45 Abstract: This research aimed to study biodiesel production from refined palm oil stearin and propanol as an alternative fuel. The experimental results found that biodiesel production from refined palm oil stearin using sodium hydroxide as the base catalyst was 74%. Using biodiesel from refined palm oil stearin as an emulsifier in diesel: propanol: biodiesel D90P5B5(RPO), D85P5B10(RPO), and D80P5B15(RPO) at 99.9% propanol purity, the experiments examined the homogeneity and stability of the fuel produced. It was found that D90P5B5(RPO), D85P5B10(RPO), and D80P5B15(RPO) (virtue of propanol 99.9%) were homogeneous. From the results, the physical properties of D90P5B5(RPO) and D90B10(RPO) from the experiment met the high-speed diesel standards except for the flashpoint of diesohol, which was lower than standard high-speed diesel fuel. Furthermore, the results of the lubricating properties test evaluated by High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR) according to CEC-F-06-A-96, D90P5B5(RPO) had a wear scar test 236 and D90B10(RPO) had a wear scar test 234, which were related to the better viscosity and lubricity properties than standard high-speed diesel fuel. PubDate: 2022-06-23 Issue No:Vol. 9, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Thanachai Chalatchaliao Pages: 46 - 55 Abstract: Biochar, a material derived from pyrolysis process under limited- oxygen condition, is light weight and can be a source of plant nutrition which mostly made from agricultural waste. The objectives of this study were to characterize biochars that made form tree branches, bamboo, durian shell and biochar mixed (MB) from these biochars at rates of 50, 30 and 20% by weight, respectively. Furthermore, to study effect of biochar combined with commercial potting soil (CP) and cow manure (CM) at different rates on growth and yield of three green vegetables such as Bok Choy, Pak Chai and Chinese kale planted in raised beds. Each of experimental design was randomized complete block (RCB) with 5 treatments and 48 plants or replications such as 1) 100%CP, 2) 80%CP + 20%MB, 3) 50%CP + 50%MB, 4) 40%CP + 30%MB + 30%CM and 5) 50%CP + 50%CM. Growth and yield of vegetables were collected 45 days after transplant as well as potting soil properties were analyzed after harvest. Results showed that all biochars were alkaline have pH at range of 8.06 – 9.87. Cation exchange capacity (CEC)of biochars varied with pH. Durian biochar contains highest concentrations of available P and exchangeable K which were 2,374 and 32,627 mg kg-1, respectively. Results of potting soil mixed from MB, CP, and CM showed that MB and CM promote growth vegetables compared to 100%CP, especially potting soil mixed from 40%CP + 30%MB + 30%CM significantly enhanced growth and yield all vegetables. For example, Bok Choy, Pak Chai gained approximately twice of fresh weight and promoted photosynthesis of Chinese kale noticeable from leaf greenness. Adding of MB lead pH and CEC of potting soil mix after harvest but has not effect on EC values also increase nitrogen use efficiency. In conclusion, this study supports the feasibility of adding mixed biochar up to a maximum of 50% in the potting soil that has no effect on growth and yield of the green vegetables. PubDate: 2022-06-24 Issue No:Vol. 9, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Chaiporn Addoddorn Pages: 56 - 69 Abstract: This paper presents the design and construction of automated 3 speed level solar panel cleaning machine controlled by microcontroller with pulse widths modulation at 30, 60 and 100 percent to clean solar panels instead of humans. It consists of a charging circuit 2 drive motors, 1 brush motor, 1 solenoid valve, indicator light and Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller circuit. This solar panel cleaning machine can move in 2 directions are longitudinal walk of the panel forward and backward with 2 DC motors and 2 cut-off limit switches, the unit can polish the solar panel by 1 DC motor connected to the brush set. There is a solenoid valve for cleaning water. There is a wireless light that shows the working status of the machine and shows the battery level in 3 levels are full, middle and low. The microcontroller will order the drive motor and brush motor to work. The solenoid valve will work with an indicator light. From testing, it was found that on dry areas the solar panel cleaning machine can move forward and backward as needed. In wet areas, the solar panel cleaning machine can move but there will be a slight interruption of the unit because the drive wheels are so slippery that they can't carry the machine to move easily. The brush and brush motor test shows that if the brush is attached, the brush motor speed will decrease due to the motor being loaded. In the actual test drive, the speed of the brush motor will decrease according to the frictional area and efficiency test of the automatic solar panel cleaning machine for unclean panels will be 62.06% efficiency and for clean panels will be 95% efficiency, making it safe and saves a lot of human labor. PubDate: 2022-06-23 Issue No:Vol. 9, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Chaiporn Addoddorn Pages: 70 - 81 Abstract: This paper presents the design and construction of automatic the IoT system for clothesline cover controlled by microcontroller to dry clothes instead of humans with the change of seasons so unpredictable that humans can't control the weather as needed by using the latest technology at the moment is the Internet of Things. This reduces anxiety when outside and when no one is home for fear that the clothes will get wet with rain as well using the NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller, it can be automated and controlled using a smartphone by using a light detector and a raindrop detector. From the test, it was found that the automatic clothes drying rack was activated when the light detector detected that there was enough light to dry the clothes and the raindrop detector caught it that there is no rain, it will send a signal to the NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller, process it and order the door of the cloth cabinet to open to bring the clothesline out to dry automatically then, the NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller sends a working status notification message to the smartphone that the laundry has been dried. When the light detector detects that there is not enough light and the raindrop detector detects that it is raining, it sends a signal to the NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller, which instructs the clothesline to move the clothes to the storage cabinet. The clothes and the closet lid are automatically closed. The NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller then sends a notification message to the smartphone indicating that the laundry has been collected. The working part of the command system via a smartphone by testing 20 times, the operation of the system commanded via a smartphone by pressing the button to dry clothes every time, the clothesline will dry the clothes and when pressing the button to collect the cloth every time, the clothes rack will store the clothes as needed. It greatly facilitates, comforts and reduces some of the steps in our daily lives. PubDate: 2022-06-23 Issue No:Vol. 9, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:catthaleeya Rerkpichai Pages: 82 - 91 Abstract: The global influx of electric vehicles is likely to grow rapidly, however, we can see that electric vehicles are not yet as accepted or popular as they should be, as electric vehicles are currently relatively expensive and constrained. 1. To study the empirical promotion approach of electric vehicles. In Thailand 2. To study the relationship of empirical promotion approaches to market factors influencing the decision to use electric vehicles. In Thailand, we collect interview-based information from a group of electric car users from various Thai media sources, which is considered to be true interview information. The interview data is within a five-year period, 2017-2022. The data analysis showed that Thailand was ready because of the empirical promotion guidelines in relation to market factors influencing the decision to use electric vehicles. In Thailand, both Product marketing, price, distribution channels, promotional aspects related to buyers, feelings, intentions. Factors related to users, confidence, security The camp support of electric vehicles in terms of personal use characteristics is in the same direction. PubDate: 2022-06-23 Issue No:Vol. 9, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Suttilug Choonprawat , Songpon Nakharacruangsak Pages: 92 - 102 Abstract: Currently, the publishing of images on the Internet is growing rapidly. This is a consequence of the advancement of the tool. and technology. resulting in a large number of published images. To search for the desired image. Requires a highly efficient and capable image retrieval system. The old retrieval format used keywords from metadata. by comparing it with the question. But what if two users want to retrieve the same image' In which each user does not use the same question text. Make the system retrieve images from text. difficult to consider and compare. Improving questions with feedback correlation using genetic algorithms in combination with neighboring hoots art methods. It is a semi-automatic system. User can select the correct result image according to their requirement from past retrieval cycle. and make improvements to a new question image. and feed back into the system As a result, the resulting image is more suitable for the user's needs. The results of the experiment showed that this method by the researchers gave an average F-measure of 0.87. When, which means the system is performing at a good level and yielded higher results than the results of the first round of image retrieval without the reverse correlation feed process. which meets the stated objectives of the research PubDate: 2022-06-24 Issue No:Vol. 9, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:Thakrit Panklib Pages: 103 - 117 Abstract: Energy storage systems and technologies are getting more attention. Especially in recent years, there has been an increasing campaign to promote the use of renewable or clean energy. Today, the amount of renewable energy consumption continues to increase sequentially. Most renewable energy sources occur naturally. Therefore, there are variations and changes all the time. Knowledge in the field of steadily acquired energy storage has become essential. To achieve a balance of utilization and allow effective management in addition to the use of energy storage technology to improve stability and reduce the problem of energy instability from renewable energy sources. The technology also reduces congestion in power distribution systems during times of high-power demand. It can also reduce the time and cost of construction of transmission lines. Although today the technology of energy storage systems has been developed and advanced much from the original. But some technologies are still in the research and development stage and not worth the investment. In the future, if such technology is developed and widely used, it will provide a more stable overview of the system and lower operating costs. In this academic article, we will discuss different types of energy storage technologies. Implementation and benefits the growing demand and today's technology. PubDate: 2022-06-23 Issue No:Vol. 9, No. 1 (2022)
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