Authors:I Dewa Kadek Wira Sanjaya, I Nyoman Merit, Ida Ayu Astarini Pages: 122 - 134 Abstract: Nusa Penida MPA was established with the aim to conserving natural resources and ensuring the sustainability of livelihoods. The Government of Indonesia uses the EVIKA tools to assess the effectiveness of MPA management. This study examines the effectiveness of MPA management by looking at indicators of coral reef ecosystem health and resource utilization to develop an effective management strategy using the force filed analysis method. The results showed that the condition of coral and fish biomass in the Nusa Penida MPA experienced a significant increase. Hard coral cover was in the medium category with a cover of 43% and fish biomass of 816.80 kg/ha. The coral reef health index of the Nusa Penida MPA is 5 which indicates that coral cover is in the medium category with high recovery potential and the coral reef fish category is low. Nusa Penida marine resources are used for fisheries, tourism as well as for trade. This study recommends a strategy to increase the effectiveness of Nusa Penida MPA management by investing in increasing human resource capacity in the Bali MPA management unit in competence on monitoring ecosystem and preparing a management budget plan along with efforts to fulfill program budgets. Keywords: Coral Reef, Management; Effective; Nusa Penida; MPA PubDate: 2022-12-06 DOI: 10.24843/EJES.2022.v16.i02.p01 Issue No:Vol. 16, No. 2 (2022)
Authors:Ujang Rija Ginanjar, I Wayan Sandi Adnyana, I Made Sudarma Pages: 135 - 152 Abstract: The mangrove forest in Budeng Village is managed by local communities by forming farmer groups. The interaction of the people of Budeng Village in mangrove management, this will determine the sustainability of the mangrove area in the future. It is necessary to have the right strategy in mangrove management by following the rules of balance and sustainability. The purpose of this study is to analyze changes in mangrove forest cover, find out the perception and participation of the community in mangrove forest management and develop an ideal mangrove forest management strategy. Data collection includes using literal studies, observations, questionnaires and Forum Group Discussion. Samples in this study was 30 people. Data analysis was performed using SWOT matrix and QSPM matrix. The condition of mangrove forests in Budeng Village is relatively good, there is an increased in mangrove forest cover covering an area of 36 ha in the period from 2016 to 2021. The level of community perception in mangrove forest management excellent categories and the level of community participation is in high categories. The general strategy on mangrove forest management in Budeng Village is growth strategy. Based on the results of the SWOT analysis, there are 14 alternative strategies for mangrove forest management in Budeng Village with a priority strategy based on the results of the Total Attractiveness Score calculation is to increase the role and commitment of local governments in mangrove forest management in Budeng Village. Keywords: mangroves; perception; participation; strategy; management PubDate: 2022-12-06 DOI: 10.24843/EJES.2022.v16.i02.p02 Issue No:Vol. 16, No. 2 (2022)
Authors:Nisa Nurhidayanti, Helbi Nurul Huda, Dodit Ardiatma Pages: 153 - 164 Abstract: Sustainable development can lead to an increase in the amount of wastewater produced from industrial waste and household domestic wastewater which contains materials/substances that can endanger human life and disrupt environmental sustainability. The aim of this research is to determine the optimum concentration of domestic wastewater for growth of water jasmine and water hyacinth and to determine the effectiveness of the phytoremediation method using plants water jasmine (Echinodorus palaefolius) and water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) in reducing concentrations of BOD, COD and ammonia in domestic greywater wastewater. The stages of the research method began with sampling waste water, testing wastewater, acclimatization of plants, range finding test / phytoreactor test and continued with data analysis. The results of the test parameters of domestic greywater waste for 7 days obtained the final value of COD is 0.50 mg/L, BOD is 0 mg/L, and Ammonia is 0 mg/L. Based on the research results obtained the effectiveness of reducing COD concentrations by 99.65%; BOD of 100%; and 100% ammonia. This shows that the use of the phytoremediation method using water jasmine and water hyacinth is very effective in reducing the levels of BOD, COD and ammonia in domestic greywater wastewater and has met the quality standards for domestic wastewater. Keywords: Phytoremediation, Domestic Greywater, Water Jasmine, Water Hyacinth PubDate: 2022-12-06 DOI: 10.24843/EJES.2022.v16.i02.p03 Issue No:Vol. 16, No. 2 (2022)
Authors:Miftachudin Syaiful Ma'ruf, I Wayan Arthana, Ni Made Ernawati Pages: 165 - 173 Abstract: Mangrove ecosystems have an important role, both for biota and humans. The level of density and mangrove cover is one illustration to determine the level of damage to mangroves. This study aims to determine the species composition and the level of mangrove damage based on the density and percentage of canopy cover of mangroves in Gilimanuk Bay. This research was conducted in February 2021. The determination of the sampling point was carried out using the purposive sampling method. Mangrove data retrieval was performed using a plot 10x10 m2 with a total number of plots were 31 plots. The results showed that there were 11 types of mangroves from 7 different families in Gilimanuk Bay. The most common type of mangrove found was Ceriops tagal (45,84 %) and the least was Xylocarpus granatum (0,13 %). Mangrove density in Gilimanuk Bay is 2390,32 ind/ha, and canopy cover is 83,84%, which shows that the condition of mangroves in Gilimanuk Bay is included in the good category (very dense). Keywords: Mangrove; Gilimanuk Bay; Density; Canopy coverage PubDate: 2022-12-06 DOI: 10.24843/EJES.2022.v16.i02.p04 Issue No:Vol. 16, No. 2 (2022)
Authors:A.A.A. Wulandira Sawitri Djelantik, Made Sudiana Sudiana Mahendra, Wayan Windia, Made Sudarma Pages: 174 - 185 Abstract: The conversion of paddy fields that occurred in Tabanan district has caused concern because the number continues to increase every year. Of the various forms of agricultural land use, paddy fields are land that has undergone many changes in designation so that the conversion of paddy fields occurs rapidly and massively. The total area of ''paddy fields that decreased in the 5 years from 2016 to 2020 was 1,193.54 hectares. Seeing this phenomenon, it is important to know how the status of rice fields in Tabanan Regency is sustainable using five dimensions, namely economy, ecology, social, technology and institutional. The data were obtained through interviews with Pekaseh (kelihan subak) and farmers who carried out the conversion of paddy fields in nine subaks in nine sub-districts in Tabanan Regency, namely Pupuan, Penebel, Baturiti, Kediri, Tabanan, Kerambitan, Selemadeg, West Selemadeg, and East Selemadeg Districts. The analysis used is MDS (Multi Dimension Scaling) which is an adjustment of Rapfish using RSI TM Software (Rapid Sustainability Index) which was developed for the assessment of sustainability functions in general. The results showed that the multi-dimensional sustainability index obtained a value of 59.70 with a moderately sustainable sustainability status with the index value for each dimension being 74.56 for the ecological dimension with moderately sustainable status, 48.82 for the economic dimension with less sustainable status, 75.42 for the social dimension with sustainable status, 52.43 for the institutional dimension with moderately sustainable status and 47.25 for the technological dimension with less sustainable status. It is suggested that the local government of Tabanan Regency should to pay attention to the attributes that exist in the economic and technological dimensions so that it is expected to change its sustainability status to be quite sustainable, or sustainable and the attributes that exist in the ecological and institutional dimensions (sufficiently sustainable) can shift its status to continyu so that the value of the multi-dimensional index can increase. Keywords: conversion; paddy fields; sustainability status PubDate: 2022-12-06 DOI: 10.24843/EJES.2022.v16.i02.p05 Issue No:Vol. 16, No. 2 (2022)
Authors:Dewa Arya Dwiyana, I Wayan Suarna, I Gusti Bagus Sila Dharma Pages: 186 - 197 Abstract: Changes in the function of land on the riverbanks into residential areas have triggered a large amount of organic material that enters into river water, causing river water to degradation in quality. If we ignored this, it will trigger the growth of pathogenic bacteria that endanger human life. One alternative way to overcome the degradation in river water quality due to increased organic material is using the MBBR method with bamboo as its media. This one of method that uses the growth of bacteria attached to the media to reduce the organic material content in river water. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effect piece of bamboo media and the biggest effectiveness value of reducing BOD and COD levels in Muding Kaja tributary water with a determined of filling ratio, dissolved oxygen and detention time. The results show that the highest effectiveness using the MBBR method with bamboo media can reduce BOD level until 90,946 % with filling ratio 30% and time detention as long 5 hours and reduce COD level until 30,435 % by using filling ratio 30% and time detention for 5 hours. From this research we can conclude that MBBR method using bamboo as media affected to reduce BOD5 dan COD level. MBBR Method very efffective to reduce BOD5 level and less effective to reduce COD level in water river. Keywords: River water pollution, Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor, Bamboo media, Effectiveness PubDate: 2022-12-06 DOI: 10.24843/EJES.2022.v16.i02.p06 Issue No:Vol. 16, No. 2 (2022)
Authors:Komang Bayu Permana, I Wayan Arthana, I Gede Hendrawan Pages: 198 - 208 Abstract: This research aimed to examine and analyze the problems that occur in the management of sustainable captured fisheries, especially Sardinella fish in Jembrana Regency, in order to determine alternative strategies in management through SWOT analysis and Priority scale through Analytical Hierarch Process (AHP). The alternative determination of the sustainable management strategy of lemuru fish based on SWOT analysis includes IFAS matrix, with a strength score of 1.51 and a weakness of 1.26, the difference between a strengths and weaknesses value of 0.25 (x). The EFAS matrix has an opportunity score of 1.59 and a threat score of 1.30, the difference between the opportunity and threat factors is 0.29 (y). SWOT analysis diagram is located in quadrant one, which is a progressive strategy or SO Strategy using all the power available to echieve or get the greatest opportunity. Policy Determination based on AHP for sustainable management of lemuru fish in Jembrana Regency, Criterion 7 becomes the first priority with a value of 22%, namely cooperating with relevant agencies related to data and information collection of reliable and integrated capture fisheries in accordance with technological developments, in order to streamline activities and maximize the catch. Keywords: AHP, Fisheries Management, Sustainable, SWOT analysis. PubDate: 2022-12-06 DOI: 10.24843/EJES.2022.v16.i02.p07 Issue No:Vol. 16, No. 2 (2022)
Authors:Ni Luh Putu Ratih Pravitha, I Wayan Gede Astawa Karang, Made Suartana Pages: 209 - 219 Abstract: Mangroves contribute to mitigating climate change by storing carbon. As mangrove forests have a high rate of carbon sequestration and storage, carbon stock calculations are required to quantify the accumulation of carbon stored in a site to determine its involvement in decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. This study aims to estimate carbon storage at the Mangrove Information Center (MIC) by using an allometric calculation of the mangrove above-ground biomass data. Data collection was carried out on January 10-14, 2022 at the MIC, with an area of 322 ha. The method used is a 1000 meters line transect plot divided into 15 measuring plots in three mangrove ecological zones (front, middle, and back). Biomass data were taken in a non-destructive way based on measurements of the circumference girth at breast height (GBH) and the results were calculated using allometric. According to data analysis, the average total surface biomass of mangroves in MIC is 781.30 kg, with estimated carbon storage in MIC is 36,727 tons/ha. Overall, the total carbon stock in the stratum MIC is 11.826,253 tons. The highest estimated carbon storage is in Plot 9, which is 91,799 tons/ha, while the lowest estimated carbon storage is in Plot 2, which is 13,873 tons/ha. The high numbers of carbon storage from mangrove above-ground biomass are mostly found in the middle and front zones because of the very dense mangrove density. Keywords: mangrove; above-ground carbon estimation; climate change mitigation PubDate: 2022-12-06 DOI: 10.24843/EJES.2022.v16.i02.p08 Issue No:Vol. 16, No. 2 (2022)
Authors:Nikita Ribka Kawung, I Wayan Sandi Adnyana, I Gede Hendrawan Pages: 220 - 231 Abstract: Microplastic as a marine debris is currently become a global problem. Tuminting and Malalayang coasts as the study case in this research because these places were located in the high population and anthropogenic activity areas, that allowing the microplastic pollution. The goal of this research are to identify the types of microplastic, to analyze the abundance of microplastic and to evaluate the differences accumulation of microplastic in bivalve from Tuminting and Malalayang, Manado. This research is used a purposive sampling method. The analysis of microplastic in bivalves following C. M. Boerger et al. (2010) methods. The average of microplastic for the three species of bivalve in Tuminting for Cardidae sp. Was 5.75 particles/g, Venridae sp. 17.05 particles/g and Mytilidae sp. 130.06 particles/g, while in the three species of bivalve in Malalayang for Cardidae sp. 50.87 particles/g, Venridae sp. 9.56 particles/g and Mytilidae sp. 6.93 particles/g. Based on Kruskal Wallis analysis for bivalve of Tuminting is 0.087; Malalayang 0.616. The bivalve morphometric correlation test using Spearman Rank analysis showed a result 0.05 for Tuminting and 0.187 for Malalayang. The microplastics types that found in bivalve are fragments, films, fibers, foam, pellets, granules and the highest one is fiber. In this study, abundance of microplastic in bivalve from Tuminting also Malalayang waters, were found so it was necessary to disseminate this information to the public about the dangers of plastic. There must be a government regulations regarding the coastal area management related to garbage waste and have to make another research about the identification of the chemical that containing in microplastic in bivalves. Keywords: marine debris; microplastics; bivalve; manado PubDate: 2022-12-06 DOI: 10.24843/EJES.2022.v16.i02.p09 Issue No:Vol. 16, No. 2 (2022)
Authors:Gede Surya Indrawan, I Made Sara Wijana, I Made Saka Wijaya, Abd. Rahman As-syakur, I Putu Sugiana, I Made Yunarta Pages: 232 - 243 Abstract: Beratan Lake was mainly popular for tourism and aquaculture activities that affecting water's environmental characteristics. The water healthiness indicator can be seen through the organism's existence, namely plankton to nekton biota that can be uses as an essential parameter in monitoring water conditions. This study aims to determine the plankton community structure index, saprobity index and the presence of nektons in the Beratan Lake. Plankton were sampled using the pouring method while the nekton sample was taken randomly through direct sampling with fishing nets and conducted interviews with the surrounding local community and fishermen. The results of the study found that the abundance of phytoplankton was dominated by Staurastrum with abundance level 1,836.92 ind/L. Meanwhile, the zooplankton was dominated by Rotifera with abundance level 8.17 ind/L. The diversity index, uniformity and dominance of phytoplankton are 1.31, 0.60 and 0.33 respectively, while the saprobity index is 1.08 which classifies the waters of Beratan Lake as being in a lightly polluted condition. There were 18 species of nektons in Beratan Lake were found, with one endemic species Rasbora balinensis and 13 foreign fish. There also an invasive species, namely zebrafish (Amatitlania nigrofasciata) was found in this Lake. From the results of the study, we hope that the government in cooperation with the surrounding community, can control the ecological conditions of the waters of Beratan Lake, especially the presence of invasive species which are increasing in number, as well as protect endemic species. Keywords: Abundance; beratan lake; community structure; plankton; saprobity PubDate: 2022-12-06 DOI: 10.24843/EJES.2022.v16.i02.p10 Issue No:Vol. 16, No. 2 (2022)
Authors:Wahyu Widodo Putranto, I Wayan Nuarsa, Ni Luh Kartini, I Wayan Andi Yuda, I Made Dwi Wiratmaja Pages: 244 - 253 Abstract: Schmidt Ferguson map based on rainfall data is utilized to maximize agricultural potential by knowing the spatial pattern of agro-climatic zones. This study aims to produce Schmidt Ferguson agro-climatic zone by corrected IMERG Satellite rainfall data by station base data in Bali Province. The length of monthly rainfall data from each source is six years (2015 – 2016). Initially, IMERG Final Precipitation data level 3 is validated to 73 rainfall observation stations over Bali. Statistical methods used for this purpose are correlation coefficient (r), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and paired t-test. The validation results show a good correlation value of 0.62 – 0.93, RMSE value of 63.33 – 208.86 mm, the results of the paired t-test there are significant. Hereinafter, IMERG data are corrected by simple linear regression equation y = 0.905x + 4.0979 with an R2 value of 0.5878. The Schmidt Ferguson agro-climatic zone mapping from rain observation station data resulted in 5 climate zones, namely climate zone B, C, D, E, and F and from IMERG product data, 4 climate zones, namely climate zone B, C, D, and E. Keywords: Observation; IMERG;Data Validation; Schmidt Ferguson Agroclimate Zone PubDate: 2022-12-06 DOI: 10.24843/EJES.2022.v16.i02.p11 Issue No:Vol. 16, No. 2 (2022)
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