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Authors:Mikhail Krasnyansky Pages: 6 - 26 Abstract: This article is a scientific review, first, of the consequences of global warming and climate change, and second, of the urgent ways for humanity to adapt to these climate changes. It is shown that an increase in the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, as well as an increase in its average temperature, correlates well with an increase in the number of natural disasters and, accordingly, an increase in budget costs for the removal of their consequences. On the other hand, the impossibility of completely stopping global climate change, let alone returning to its 1970 parameters, is discussed, for example: removing billions of tons of CO2 from the Earth’s atmosphere or restoring trillions of tons of ice at the poles of the Earth and its mountain peaks. Hence the conclusion is made about the inexpediency of spending hundreds of billions of dollars on “the fight against climate change” and the expediency of spending these billions on the urgent adaptation of mankind to an already changed climate. Further, the article examines in detail the ways and options to prevent the destruction and loss caused by hurricanes, flooding, wildfires, massive burning of fossil fuels, traditional agriculture, as well as huge pollution of the World Ocean: replacement of fossil fuels with green energy and green transport, the construction of only hurricane-resistant and fire-resistant buildings in hazardous areas, the construction of dams and powerful drainage systems in areas of probable flooding, the transition to superconducting underground electrical cables, the widespread use of small modular low-enriched uranium nuclear reactors, widespread use of heat pumps, the transition from traditional cattle breeding to artificial meat, the widespread in agriculture use of so-called vertical farms, minimization of food losses at all stages, and more. The idea of this review is well expressed in Charles Darwin's famous quote: “It is not the strongest and smartest who survive but the one who adjusts best to the changing environment.” PubDate: 2023-04-14 Issue No:Vol. 11, No. 3 (2023)
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Authors:Sachin Bhikaji Patil, S. A. Deshmukh Pages: 27 - 36 Abstract: Caesalpinia crista L., belongs to the family Caesalpiniaceae , commonly found along the riverbanks and in the tidal forests that are located close to the Eastern sea-coast beginning in Orissa and continuing Southward along the Western sea-coast beginning in Konkan. All parts of the plant, including the root, leaves, stem, seed and seed kernel have medicinal properties. C. crista L. has been used in traditional and folk medicine for various skin and respiratory ailments since ages. It has been traditionally utilized and has been reported to be effective in the treatment of anti-microbial , anthelmintic, anti-tumor, ethnoveterinary, removing the placenta, respiratory disorders, liver disorders, treatment of hernia, febrifugal, inflammation, pain, rheumatism, swellings, fever, colic and asthma. In the present review, an attempt has been made to gather information about the traditional uses of Caesalpinia crista L. which will prove to be informative for further researches to be conducted in this field of taxonomy and ethanobotany. PubDate: 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.37591/rrjoe.v11i3.3550 Issue No:Vol. 11, No. 3 (2023)
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Authors:Bagegnehu Bekele Mengistu, Temesgen Habtemariam, Dagnaw Ademe, Yenealem Gemi Pages: 37 - 38 Abstract: Background and Objective: The increment of population number is creating pressure on land for crop and fodder production in Ethiopian. Practicing bench terraces could resolve the shortage of cultivable land and mitigate the problem of soil erosion. However, the multiple benefits of bench terraces; its practices and sustainability are not well studied in different parts of southern Ethiopia. Therefore, the current study has been initiated to explore the bench terraces technical standards, limitations, opportunities and farmers perceptions towards its sustainability in Silte and Gurage highland areas of southern Ethiopia. Materials and Methods: Two woredas from each zone were purposefully selected based on the potential of bench terraces. From each woreda, three potential Kebeles were selected. From each selected Kebeles, bench terraces were selected and field measurement was conducted. Focus group discussion and key informant interview were conducted. Results: The highest land slope (41%) from Cheha woreda and the lowest (17.9%) from Gummer woreda , the mean riser height of the sampled terrace was in the recommendation range, and the widths of bench are also within the recommended ranges from 2.5 m to 5 m wide. The measured bed slopes of bench are within the recommended range from 3 to 7%. However; bench terraces riser slope and bed slope were higher than the recommended range. This implies some of the terraces technical parameters have been built with no consideration of MoA and FAO standards. Conclusion: It was noted that most of the terraces constructed are in line with the norms of Ministry of Agriculture and Food and Agricultural Organization. However; the bed slope at Arekit sheleqo and the mean riser slope for all sites were not within the recommended ranges from 30 to 60%. Some of the bench terraces at Cheha woreda were seriously damaged by animals whereas at “Someno koto” at Mirab Azernet Berebere woreda were left abandoned without any land management interventions. To ensure sustainable use of bench terraces, the technical parameters should be appropriately designed and intervened with different land management practices. PubDate: 2023-04-05 DOI: 10.37591/rrjoe.v11i3.3551 Issue No:Vol. 11, No. 3 (2023)
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Authors:Iyanda Kamoru Ahmed, Fatima Muhammad Dikko Pages: 39 - 46 Abstract: The study of place names which typically refers to the form of a place, its geographical quality, its situation in relation to water, its position, its flora or its fauna, often refers also to human uses to which the land was put; they commemorate events, or they are named after deities. Toponymic studies not only illustrate ethnic settlements but can also help identify discrete periods of the immigrations of people outside their land. There are assertions that the movement of Kanuri people outside the Kanuri land had not happened in a vacuum; they had left traces of settlements bearing Kanuri origin. This study was carried out to confirm or debunk the assertions in two Hausa states of Jigawa and Bauchi. Data was sought through interviews with residents in the places visited. The place names were subjected to linguistic analysis where Kanuri place name formatives {NP + –ri} (the place of the people of NP), {NP + –am} (the place of NP) and sound and meaning were sought. The result showed that there are a lot of villages, towns and rivers that bear Kanuri names though the way Hausa people of the areas pronounced them is different from the Kanuri originals. We found out that places like Katagum, Bulkachuwa, Alkaleri etc. in Bauchi state and Kiri Kasamma, Malam Madori, Birniwa etc. in Jigawa state were originally Kanuri names. Even though the study is just a survey of toponyms, it is hoped to open doors for other researches of languages in contact, language shift and maintenance and cross-cultural studies between the Kanuris and Hausas in the area under study. PubDate: 2023-04-14 DOI: 10.37591/rrjoe.v11i3.3554 Issue No:Vol. 11, No. 3 (2023)
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Authors:Harshita Yadav Pages: 24 - 27 Abstract: One of the most fundamental and effective tools to use on the road to sustainability is green chemistry. The US Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge was introduced in 1995. In 1996, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry established the working party on green chemistry. Following that, regular scientific conferences began to be held. In 1990, the Royal Society of Chemistry sponsored Journal of Clean Processes and Green Chemistry, the first book and journals on the topic of green chemistry. The idea of “green chemistry” incorporates a novel method for creating, processing, and using chemical products in a way that poses fewer risks to human health and the environment. Green chemistry does more to protect the environment than to clean it up by developing new chemical processes that do not harm the environment. It is evident that the importance of green chemistry is acknowledged by numerous industries and academic research. The use of a set of rules known as “green chemistry” aims to reduce or completely eliminate the use of hazardous materials in the manufacture and use of chemical products. All chemical wastes should be disposed of as safely and without harming the environment or living things as is humanly possible. Green chemistry and sustainability essentially go hand in hand. Sustainable development means addressing present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to address their own needs. It is obvious that the challenge facing the chemical industry in the future is based on the development of safer products and processes created by utilizing fresh concepts from basic research. Green chemistry needs to be taught to students at all grade levels PubDate: 2022-12-26 Issue No:Vol. 11, No. 3 (2022)
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Authors:Sanap Divya Pages: 28 - 31 Abstract: Every day, we come into touch with hundreds of harmful compounds, both natural and manmade. A dangerous heavy metal that is widely present in nature is Cadmium. There have been several reports of cadmium poisoning throughout the world. It is well known that all forms of cadmium are harmful to the environment and to living things. It is a widespread issue with world health that, in some situations, can lead to yearly fatalities. Blood, urine, hair, nail, and saliva samples can all be tested for cadmium levels. Patients with cadmium toxicity require gastrointestinal tract irrigation, supportive care, chemical decontamination therapy using the proper novel chelating agents and nanoparticle-based countermeasures. In order to prevent cadmium poisoning, it has also been advised to assess the level of food contamination and questionable locations, as well as to take into account public education and awareness initiatives for those affected. Cadmium (Cd) has been utilised in industrial settings for a very long time. The extreme toxicity of this substance first came to the attention of scientists in the middle of the 20th century. In order to raise awareness, this article provides a quick overview of cadmium’s toxicity and its negative consequences. PubDate: 2022-12-26 DOI: 10.37591/rrjoe.v11i2.3483 Issue No:Vol. 11, No. 3 (2022)
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