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Authors:Jyoti Kapila, Harvinder Kaur Sidhu Pages: 27 - 36 Abstract: Oil spill is the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment especially marine areas due to human activities and is a form of pollution. Oil spill pollution can have multiple causes both of natural and anthropogenic origin. The major oil spills of the world include Exxon Valdez oil spill, Arabian Gulf spill, Deepwater Horizon spill and Mumbai oil spill. Oil spills have negative impact on marine ecosystem which includes both plant and animal life. Even the salt tolerant species of mangroves are being affected as the roots become clogged which results in oxygen cut off. The animals which are most effected includes Pinnipeds, Sirenians, Cetaceans, Marine mammals, Sea birds, Sea turtles etc. Oil spills can be controlled by both natural and synthetic methods. Usually most of the oil spill accidents are caused by human errors. Hence, this can be reduced if one takes required precautions and proper safety assessments. PubDate: 2022-01-14 DOI: 10.37591/rrjoe.v10i3.3210 Issue No:Vol. 10, No. 3 (2022)
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Authors:Chandan Sarkar Pages: 1 - 5 Abstract: As in North Eastern India, Mizoram is one of the Seven Sister States listed. On 20 February 1987, it became India's 23rd state. Nestled in the north-eastern part of India at the southern tip, it is a mountainous state. Aizawl is the capital and one of the least-frequented towns in India. There are 10 major national parks and wildlife sanctuaries in the state and it is a hotspot for biodiversity. It has a trans-boundary basin called Kaladan on the river. For the more adventurous spirit, the scenery and rivers are ideal for various outdoor sports and activities. The environment is unbelievable and the climate is really viable. One of India's most stable states is Mizoram. For tourists, it has many destinations. Tourism development has been negatively impacted by the lack of a state tourism policy. During 2009-14, 42 tourist lodges and highway restaurants in the state incurred a maintenance cost of Rs. 734.05 lakh, against which, according to a CAG estimate, only Rs. 266.85 lakh was received as revenue. The Comptroller and Auditor General of India's report said the growth of tourism in Mizoram was unsatisfactory. Mizoram has 36 recognised tourist spots that the State Department of Tourism has established. There are currently 31 tourist lodges available and 5 restaurants on the highway. The capital city with decent facilities for accommodation is Aizawl. Recently, the Hnahlan region has become known for its new winery plants that produce grape wine. The state is doing exceptionally well since acquiring statehood to maintain unity and peace. The state's economy is focused primarily on agriculture, and the state has few cottage industries and some small-scale agro-based industries. If proper values are practised about indigenous people and the climate, the industry will develop in a healthy way. It is vital that things are not done harmfully and that nature admires them. PubDate: 2021-11-13 Issue No:Vol. 10, No. 3 (2021)
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Authors:Kumaraguru Arumugam, Sai Saraswathi Vijayaraghavalu, Mohamed Tharik, T Brinda, S Ramasubramanian Pages: 6 - 8 Abstract: Asian Woolly- necked Stork (Ciconia episcopus) is one of the Near Threatened species, which is widely distributed in the tropical regions of Asian countries. These carnivores are found in habitats, which are well watered. On 21 February 2021, this species was recorded in the Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary, Ariyalur district, Tamil Nadu and is the first photographic record of this species here. PubDate: 2021-12-09 Issue No:Vol. 10, No. 3 (2021)
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Authors:Love Wilcox Arimieari, Benedict Emeka Omenogor Pages: 9 - 21 Abstract: The assessment of groundwater quality from selected borehole in Rumuodara, Rivers State, Nigeria was evaluated. The results of the physicochemical parameters revealed that pH ranged from 6.57-6.60, temperature: 26.10-28.54oC, turbidity: 1.57-2.96NTU, conductivity: 41.24-68.44 μS/cm, salinity: 26.10-50.37mg/l, total dissolved solid: 18.9-63.14mg/l, total hardness: 38.21-48.30mg/l, alkalinity: 55.30-70.17mg/l, chloride: 28.40-75.14mg/l, sulphate: 21.50-30.60mg/l, nitrate: 1.50-3.04mg/l, phosphate: 59.24-65.40mg/l, calcium: 37.81-45.27mg/l, Iron: 0.133-0.190mg/l, sodium: 16.70-21.13mg/l, copper: 0.22–0.50mg/l, total suspended solid: 2.94-3.60mg/l, Lead: < 0.01mg/l-2.27mg/l, zinc: 1.16-2.40mg/l, Colour: 2.4-5.18Hazen, dissolved oxygen: 3.90-6.40mg/l, reactive silica: 3.64-4.52mg/l, and bicarbonate: 40.06-51.90mg/l. Microbiological analysis of the borehole water samples revealed that the total heterotrophic bacteria count ranged from 3.8–28.1 cfu/100ml and total coliform count ranged from 0.9–7.5 cfu/100ml. The investigation of this study attests that, the physicochemical parameters of the borehole water samples were below the WHO and NSDWQ permissible limits, with the exception of lead (2.27mg/l) which was found in borehole water in Chukwuodara. Also, the results of the microbiological analysis obtained from the borehole water samples showed that all borehole water samples conformed to the WHO and NSDWQ limit of 0 cfu/100ml for fecal coliform. Nevertheless, the borehole water samples contained total coliform and total heterotrophic bacteria (THB) above the WHO permissible limit of 0 cfu/100ml for total coliform and 1 cfu/100ml for total heterotrophic bacteria, but below the NSDWQ permissible limit of 10 cfu/100ml for total coliform. The overall suitability of the borehole water samples for drinking was accessed with the water quality index (WQI) using NSDWQ/WHO standard. The WQI of borehole water samples in Mgbuesilaru, Eliowhani and Chukwudara were 9 (excellent water quality), 26 (good water quality) and 18,722 (unsuitable for drinking). Thus, the counts of THB (28.1 cfu/100ml) and the concentration of lead (2.27mg/l) reduced the quality of drinking water sourced from the selected borehole in Eliowhani and Chukwudara. This study recommends that groundwater quality should be assessed prior to consumption, to ascertain drinking water safety. PubDate: 2021-12-09 DOI: 10.37591/rrjoe.v10i3.3209 Issue No:Vol. 10, No. 3 (2021)
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Authors:Neharika Saxena Pages: 22 - 26 Abstract: Throughout our lives we are exposed to environmental estrogens, from food, air, water, soil, and household products as well as probably through breast milk or during development in the womb. Environmental estrogens have endocrine disrupting activity. Many times natural plant compounds or synthetic chemicals may also disturb the endocrine system. These compounds are weaker than the estrogen naturally produced in the body. Many reproductive, developmental and other health problems have also been linked to these substances when used in lab animals and wildlife. The contaminants derived from estrogenic sources are used for various purposes. They are used to make plastics, pesticides and other commercial products. The potency of natural hormones is greater than any synthetic estrogen except for drugs like diethylstilboestrol (DES). Several factors influence estrogen production (gender, age and reproductive cycle). The majority of natural estrogens are short-lived, do not accumulate in tissues, and are rapidly degraded in the liver. Synthetic environmental estrogens such as beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-HCH), estrogenic drugs such as ethinylestradiol diethylstilbestrol (DES), OPP' DDT, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 4-nonylphenol (NP) and phytoestrogens such as isoflavones or lignans, are more stable and remain in the body longer than natural estrogens. Animal and human fat and tissues tend to accumulate most of these compounds since they are lipophilic. Environmental estrogens, in turn, may mimic, block or cancel out the effects of natural estrogen, based on the natural estrogen levels. In this review we discuss the effects of environmental estrogens on human health. PubDate: 2021-11-13 Issue No:Vol. 10, No. 3 (2021)
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