Abstract: Publication year: 2023Source: American Journal of Environmental Engineering, Volume 13, Number 1Md Rahimullah Miah, Md Mehedi Hasan, Jorin Tasnim Parisha, Alexander Kiew SayokBiodiversity is inextricably linked to humanity, which requires adequate policy instruments to properly conserve it. But some biodiversity criminals are misusing wireless sensor technology in a specific Global Positioning System location to cause global damage through destabilizing environment and climate crisis. All countries of the world are facing unexpected losses due to misuse of advanced wireless sensor devices. The study shows that dynamic policy, secure wireless sensor technology and co-management system inspire to conserve biodiversity. The study shows that a proportion of the achievement of the Framework for Action 2030 global biodiversity targets can be attributed to specific populations, tribes and protected areas. And another proportion may be controlled by particularly effective area-based conservation measures based on economic values, visitor motivation and scientific research priorities. By compensating for this unpredictable biodiversity, reforming current integrated policies to build a peaceful world will have a particular impact on meeting the Sustainable Development Goals. Research also shows that the active participation of UN states and the use of secure wireless sensor technology can actively contribute to the conservation of global biodiversity. Each country needs to have an existing and well-organized ecosystem with National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP), world-leading communication systems, science-based approaches to protection and management, and well-connected systems of ecologically representative and protected areas. Otherwise, everyone living on Earth will suffer severely and future generations will find it difficult to survive.
Abstract: Publication year: 2022Source: American Journal of Environmental Engineering, Volume 12, Number 1Alexandra Combs, Shadi Abu-BakerIn one of my applied chemistry classes, the students were given the opportunity to write about an environmental issue from their perspective. One of the topics the students picked was plastic pollution. In recent years, there has been a 200-fold increase in plastic production compared to 1950. Plastic is popular because it is cheap, lightweight, nonreactive, and waterproof. However, it is a real problem for the environment. For example, ocean plastic pollution is very harmful to wildlife and human. Since the coronavirus pandemic broke out in the year 2020, plastic pollution has become even worse due to the excessive use of masks, gloves, and gowns in hospitals and by regular citizens. It is also extensively used in water bottles and soft drinks as people were discouraged from using public water fountains. With plastic pollution set to quadruple by the year 2050 (plastic pollution coalition), the world is in extreme danger. We suggest that Legislative action from governments around the globe could overturn this serious environmental global problem. Additionally, the use of more biodegradable alternatives as well as raising society’s awareness of the problem should be encouraged.
Abstract: Publication year: 2022Source: American Journal of Environmental Engineering, Volume 12, Number 1Sina Sohrabi, Hossein Afzalimehr, Vijay P. SinghThis paper investigates the effect of hydraulic parameters in the flow resistance estimation in a meander river with gravel bed and vegetated banks. Data collection was carried out in a meandering reach in the river Deryouk located in northern Iran. The selected reach was 28 m long and with large aspect ratio (large width /small flow depth). In addition, eight cross sections of this reach were selected to measure 29 velocity profiles and the main geometric parameters. Results showed that for a large aspect ratio, the maximum velocity occurs under the water surface near the vegetated bank. Disorder velocity profiles were observed more in the regions with dense vegetation canopies. The parabolic method can be used to estimate shear velocity near the vegetated banks for all cross sections. Drag coefficient changes considerably with the vegetation density along the selected meandering reach. The Reynolds number shows an inverse relation with drag coefficient.
Abstract: Publication year: 2021Source: American Journal of Environmental Engineering, Volume 11, Number 2 Wiyono, Jati BatoroThe geographical location owned by Situbondo Regency has a coastal area, which could have the potential for seawater contamination of many particle of solids for example Calcium, Sulfur etc.. Therefore, this study aims to explore water resources, namely groundwater in a coastal area of Situbondo Regency - Banyuwangi Regency, which can be used to determine the feasibility of life, especially for humans and animals. In the distribution of Total Dissolved Solid, it was found that there was the highest TDS value in the northwest and east directions of the study site, with values ranging from 235 to 696 mg/L. From groundwater depth measurements, it was found that the further south the research location is, the deeper the depth will be. while for the pH value, it was found that the value ranged from 7.2 to 7.84, with an average of 7.54. For future improvements, it is necessary to carry out further research along the road from Situbondo District - Banyuwangi Regency to obtain a wider picture.
Abstract: Publication year: 2021Source: American Journal of Environmental Engineering, Volume 11, Number 1Saeid Maddah Kolur, Fereshteh Kolahdouzan, Amid Pahlavan, Vijay P. Singh, Hossein AfzalimehrIn this study, scouring around single and double piggyback pipelines in different arrangements was experimentally investigated in a laboratory flume. Two diameter ratios of small pipe diameter (d) to large diameter pipe (D) (d/D) = 0.2 and 0.3 were used. The effect of change in arrangement of piggyback pipelines on the scour depth in live-bed condition was evaluated using the Young et al. criterion. Results showed that the change in arrangement, regardless of the number of piggyback pipelines, significantly reduced the maximum scour depth, and the larger d/D ratio was, the greater was the scour depth reduction.
Abstract: Publication year: 2021Source: American Journal of Environmental Engineering, Volume 11, Number 1Shahrokh Ghaffari, Shadi Abu-Baker, Erin GlynnThe purpose of conducting this undergraduate research project is to test the amount of selenium absorbed by fathead minnows when selenium is added to the water supply. Selenium is a nonmetallic element that is found in a variety of chemical forms both in marine and freshwaters (3). In this study there were two groups of fathead minnows studied. One was the control and the other contained 20 ppm of selenium in selenite form. The fathead minnows were placed in a 25-degree Celsius temperature-controlled environment and monitored for five days. The minnows that expired during this time were frozen in plastic bags. After the five days the remaining fish were terminated by exposure. The minnows were converted to ashes in a muffle furnace and prepared following the Yankton Biological Research Field Stations SOP F6.3.13. The samples were then analyzed by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer 200-A. The results showed a substantial difference between the control and experimental groups, thus rendering our hypothesis as accurate.
Abstract: Publication year: 2021Source: American Journal of Environmental Engineering, Volume 11, Number 1Raphaël Tagne, Christian Kenfack-Sadem, François Beceau Pelap, Bawe Gerard NforThis study focuses on statistical analysis of the mean monthly, annual and interannual variability of wind speed data in Cameroon for the years 2000 to 2017. The potential and characteristics of wind energy were determined based on the Gamma probability density function (PDF). The wind speed data were collected from ERA-Interim measured at 10 m above ground level (A.G.L). The results show that apart from the Lake Chad Basin and the Gulf of Guinea (GoG) where highest wind speeds and wind power densities not exceeding class 2 are observed due to the influence of the Harmattan and the Monsoon, almost the entire study area presents low and relatively constant wind speeds and power densities belonging mainly to class 1 during all seasons. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons of theoretical power (TP) with that based on Gamma PDF show that they are closely related.
Abstract: Publication year: 2020Source: American Journal of Environmental Engineering, Volume 10, Number 3Md. Safiqul Islam, M. A. Azadi, Munira Nasiruddin, Md. Saiful IslamWater quality index was determined mathematically to assess the water quality of Halda River, a well-known spawning ground of Indian major carps and a tributary of the River Karnaphuli in south-eastern Bangladesh. Water quality and water quality indexes for seasonal and yearly were calculated from three selected stations situated upstream to downstream covering the entire fishing and spawning area by Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index method based on ten physicochemical parameters (Temperature, Transparency, TDS, Conductivity, pH, DO, BOD, Calcium, Total Hardness, and Total Alkalinity), analyzed monthly for two years, during January 2017 to December 2018. The Index classified the river water as good to poor during different seasons and annually. In the Station-1 (Nazirhat) upstream the water was good in monsoon, post-monsoon, and winter, but was poor during pre-monsoon. In the Station-2 (Satterghat) mid-stream, the water was good in pre-monsoon and winter andwas poor during monsoon and post-monsoon. In the Station-3 (Madunaghat) downstream, the water was poor for the entire four seasons. However, annually for two years, water was good in Stations 1 and 2 but was poor in Station-3. Index classified the water of Stations-1 and 2 as usable for domestic, irrigation, and industrial purposes, while the water of Station-3 is usable for irrigation and industrial uses only, and the river water is not fit for drinking without treatment. The level of all ten parameters was congenial for fishes in stations 1 and 2, whereas in Station-3 eight parameters excluding DO and BOD were suitable for fish. The study might help to create awareness among the users of river water for drinking and fisheries purposes and to keep the water in good condition.
Abstract: Publication year: 2020Source: American Journal of Environmental Engineering, Volume 10, Number 3James Kiprotich Mulama, Sanewu Isaac Fundi, Oswald Gwaya, Kenneth ChelulePetroleum sludge is a residue extracted mostly from petroleum storage. Contaminants from petroleum sludge may exist in the soil for long periods and be transmitted to plants and tissues of living organisms within the soil ecosystem. The aim of this study was to investigate sustainable technology for enhancing bioremediation of soil contaminated with petroleum sludge. The study involved planting of Bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) and Papyrus (Papyrus cyperus) plants in contaminated soil. Parts of the plant (roots, stem and leaves) were examined for their effectiveness of absorption and bioaccumulation of three heavy metals (lead, copper and chromium). The plants were harvested after every three months of growing for a period of one year. Presence of heavy metal in the soil and the harvested plant parts were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry method. After growing the plants in the contaminated soil for 12 months, it was found that highest amounts of chromium (86.86%) were reduced by Bamboo plant while copper (83.33%) was the highest reduced metal by Papyrus plant. Heavy metal analysis on the plant parts depicted that Bamboo is an effective plant in accumulation of heavy metals in petroleum contaminated soil over a long period of time. Conversely, Papyrus accumulates heavy metals over a short period of time even in presences of extra amounts of water in the soil. It was further noted that both Bamboo and Papyrus accumulate copper and lead more in the roots than in leaves, however, chromium is most accumulated in leaves.
Abstract: Publication year: 2020Source: American Journal of Environmental Engineering, Volume 10, Number 2 Wiyono, Jati BatoroThe geographical location owned by Situbondo Regency has a coastal area, which could have the potential for seawater intrusion. Therefore, this study aims to explore water resources, namely groundwater in a coastal area of Situbondo Regency - Banyuwangi Regency, which can be used to determine the feasibility of life, especially for humans and animals. Interpretation of groundwater depth is obtained through processing Geoelectric Resistivity Mapping data, then matching the value with direct depth measurements, then measuring using the salinity parameter. Geoelectric measurements obtained an interpretive value of groundwater depth of 12.4 meters, and in direct measurements of the depth of groundwater, the average value was 12.04 meters below the surface, which means that the interpretation value is not much different from the direct measurement value. Then based on the salinity parameter, it can be concluded that the area measured in this study experienced intrusion, with an average salinity value of 2.6 ‰. Therefore, in general, it can be assumed that the intrusion of seawater occurred at the research location. For future improvements, it is necessary to carry out further research along the road from Situbondo District - Banyuwangi Regency to obtain a wider picture.
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