Authors:Lemi Beksisa Abstract: Understanding the implication of genotype x environment interaction (GEI) structure is an important consideration in plant breeding programs. The phenotype of an individual is determined by both the genotype and the environment, these two effects are not always additive which indicates that genotype x environment interactions (GEI) are present. The presence of genotype x environment interaction contributes to the unreliability 'of crop yield over a wide range of environments. The occurrence of large genotype x environment interaction makes the selection of superior genotypes difficult and inhibits progress from selection. It prevents the full understanding of genetic control of variability. In the absence of GEI, the superior genotype in one environment may be regarded as the superior genotype in all, whereas the presence of the GEI confirms particular genotypes being superior in particular environments. Therefore, it is important to understand the nature of genotype x environment interaction to make testing and selection of genotypes more efficient. A variety of statistical procedures are available to analyze the results of multi-environment trials. Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) model which combines the conventional analyses of variance for additive main effects with the principal components analysis (PCA) for the non-additive residuals and Genotypic Main effect plus genotype by environment interaction (GGE) biplot are two popular graphical analysis systems for multi-environment trials. Other method like the regression of genotype means on the environment means is also worthwhile. Keywords: Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction, genotype x environment interactions, Stability DOI : 10.7176/ALST/89-01 Publication date:August 31st 2021
Authors:Zebider Shite Abstract: Tomatoes are a high-value crop all over the world, including Ethiopia. Tomato ripening is highly dependent on ethylene action as a climacteric fruit, making this fruit highly perishable in a short period of time. Pre-storage treatments such as CaCl2 and edible coatings are essential for preserving fruit quality after harvest and extending shelf life. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of CaCl2 and edible coatings on tomato postharvest quality and shelf life. The experiment was set up in the form of a Complete Randomized Design with three replications. The results revealed that both CaCl2 and edible coatings had a highly significant (p˂0.01) effect on tomato shelf life and quality. Fruits treated with 6% CaCl2 and coated with aloe Vera gel and beeswax significantly reduced physiological weight loss (PLW), percentage decay, TSS, pH of tomato juice, and ascorbic acid loss during storage, and increased the shelf life of the fruits by 15 days when compared to the control. The combination of treatments (6 percent CaCl2 with AG and BW coating) resulted in the highest fruit marketability, firmness, and ascorbic acid levels over the storage period. According to the findings of the study, the combination of treatments 6 percent CaCl2 with aloe Vera gel or bees wax can be recommended for Shanty tomato in terms of shelf life and quality. Keywords: fruit marketability, pre storage, shelf life, tomato, quality DOI : 10.7176/ALST/89-02 Publication date:August 31st 2021
Authors:Gebeyehu Ashemi Abstract: Water is a scarce resource in Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia and is a major limiting factor for crop production. Onion is one of the major economically important vegetable crops grown under irrigation in central rift valley. The field experiment was conducted at Melkasa agricultural research center during the dry season to identify conventional furrow irrigation and irrigation application level with and without mulch that maximizes productivity of onion per unit of water consumed and enhanced onion crop production. The experiment was carried out using RCB design having six treatments with three replications. The FAO’s recommended allowable Manageable depletion level of onion is 100%. In this study 75%, 100% recommended and 125% were tested. The analysis of variance for the result of the study indicated highly significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences for yield, yield components and WUE’s. The highest yield of 320.7 ton/ha was obtained from the 75%MAD with mulch which was not significantly (P ≤ 0.05) different to the 100%MAD irrigation level. In terms of irrigation and water use efficiency, 75%MAD irrigation level application gave the highest IWUE which was significantly different from all other treatment combinations. Yield and water use efficiency based comparison had shown that there was significant difference between the yield, CWUE, and IWUE obtained in the treatment. Therefore, it can be concluded that increased water saving and associated water productivity through the use of 75%MAD with Conventional furrow irrigation and mulch, can solve problem of water shortage which improve WUE without significant reduction of yield.75%MAD irrigation level water applied system and mulch appears to be a promising alternative for water conservation and labor saving with negligible trade-off in yield. Keywords: Furrow irrigation, MAD, Onion, Water productivity DOI : 10.7176/ALST/89-03 Publication date:August 31st 2021
Authors:Abubakar Bilyamini Maazu; Muhammad Ibrahim Usman, Madu Adamu Gadaka Abstract: The study investigates acute toxicity and anti-diabetic potential of solvents extract (n-hexane, Chloroform, Ethyl acetate and Methanol) of Adansonia digitata stem bark. For each solvent, twelve (12) rats were used for Oral LD50 determination, and were grouped into four (4) groups of three rats (3) each. The first three groups were administered with 10 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg body weight of the extract respectively, while the last group was subdivided into three groups of one rat each and were administered with 2500mg/kg, 3500mg/kg and 5000mg/kg body weight of the extract respectively. Thirty (35) rats were used for the diabetic study and were grouped into seven (7) groups of six (5) rats each. Group I served as normal control, group II served as diabetic control while Groups III, IV, V, VI and VII were induced with diabetes and administered with standard drug, n-hexane, Chloroform, Ethyl acetate and Methanol extract respectively for two weeks. The research found the oral LD50 of all the extract to be greater than 5000mg/kg indicating that the extract was practically non-toxic. Administration of the extract to test groups shows a significant (p<0.05) decrease in blood glucose level in chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extract administered groups compared to diabetic control with ethyl acetate extract having the highest activity. It also ameliorate liver toxicity by decreasing the serum level of liver enzymes. Thus indicating a hypoglycemic activity by the extract, Keywords:Acute toxicity; Adansonia digitata; Antidiabetic; Solvents Extract and Streptozotocin. DOI : 10.7176/ALST/89-04 Publication date:August 31st 2021
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