Authors:Kolani Henri; Xhelili Eljona, Vila Frenki, Haxhiu Asfloral, Masati Bledi, Çili Manser, Osmënaj Renato, Kananaj Ervin, Prendi Urana, Qosja Entela, Thomanasto Aleksandër, Sula Arentin Abstract: Background Hepatolithiasis is the presence of gallstones in the intrahepatic ducts due to primary, idiopathic or infectious causes (lithogenic bile) or secondary causes such as congenital cysts and strictures or past hepatobiliary surgery. Typically, hepatolithiasis patients presents with the Charcot’s triad (abdominal pain, jaundice, fever) suggestive of cholangitis. It is not uncommon for severe cholangitis to be accompanied with a hepatic abscess. The treatment consists in supportive measures for cholangitis, subsequent stone extraction and surgical removal of strictures and bile drainage. Patients should be closely monitored because of the high risk of recurrence, liver cirrhosis or cholangiocarcinoma. Case presentation Our patient is a 61 years old male with the following medical history and presentation: Right nephrectomy before approximately 15 years, for polycystic renal disease. Seven years ago, he underwent the surgical procedure of cholecystectomy and choledocho-duodenal anastomosis for gallbladder and CBD stones. A year later, he undergoes an urgent surgical procedure for an intra-abdominal abcess (right subphrenic). For the next five years the patient had no complaints. Three months prior to the surgery he is admitted to the hospital for persistent, recurring episodes of fever (38.5 °C), which did not respond well to antibiotic therapy. Radiology confirms intrahepatic stones, bilateral cystic dilations of bile ducts (Caroli’s Disease) and an abscess of the VIIth liver segment. The patient continues a conservative treatment until optimal parameters are reached for the eventual procedure. The VIIth liver segment is partially resected, the hepatic calculi are extracted and a hepatico-jejunostomy performed, joining a Roux limb with the biliary confluence. Discussion Depending on patient history and current presentation in terms of the severity of the disease and the classification of hepatolithiasis, the surgeon has to weigh and decide upon possible treatment options. Among them we mention supportive measures to treat acute cholangitis, pharmacologic therapy (statins), percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopic lithotomy, peroral cholangioscopic lithotripsy and surgery. Conclusion Patients with hepatolithiasis recurrence experience chronic cholangitis and eventually develop cirrhosis over a period of 10 to 20 years. Furthermore, the incidence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is about 5% to 10%. These patients require a long-term follow-up because of an increased risk of cancer after 10 to 20 years. Keywords: General Surgery, Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hepatolithiasis, Caroli’s Disease, Congenital Biliary Cysts. DOI : 10.7176/ALST/97-01 Publication date: January 31st 2023
Authors:Eyob Bezabeh Abstract: Lake Tana is Ethiopia’s largest lake which carries more than 80% of the total volume of Nile River. The objective of this study was to analyze fisheries’ access to information and technologies in Lake Tana. Raw data collected from four landing sites of Lake Tana (Bahird Zuria, Gorgora, Metreabaworka and Bata kebele) and filled in STATA by Nationa Fishery and other Aquatic Life Research Center, Agricultural Research Directorate was used. Then the data was analysed using simple descriptive statistics. According to the result, most of the fishers (71.4 %) were male. the result revealed that the majority of fishers were between the age range of 20 and 54 years. On the other hand the result depicts that half of (50.6 %) of the fishers had no formal education, while others have been educated from grade 1 up to diploma level. According to the result 85.7% of the fishers were married, while 9.9% of them were unmarried. On the other hand Fishing experience ranged between 1 and 30 years, with the mean of 12.2 years. The majority of respondents (88 %) revealed that they got advisory services and trainings from woreda experts and development agents. But, the woreda experts as well as development agents use camp to camp visit to get fish producers and also they arrange trainings when some fish producers are busy on their job. So, to have efficient and effective fishing practice the concerned body has to expand the way of transferring technologies to the fishers through electronic media, bulletins and so on. On the other hand the woreda need to arrange trainings according to fishers’ preferable schedule. Keywords:fishers, Lake Tana, Ethiopia, Bahirdar, Amhara Region, access to information DOI : 10.7176/ALST/97-02 Publication date: January 31st 2023
Authors:Asfaw Albore Abstract: Beekeeping delivers the rural people with sources of income, dietary use, pollination service and social benefit. In spite of the benefits obtained from beekeeping, farmer’s resistivity to adopt the recommended modern beekeeping technological components (packages) is among the major problem. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to examine the intensity of adoption of beekeeping technology package, and identify factors influencing adoption and intensity of adoption of bee keeping technology package in Sheko district. Stratified sampling procedure was used to select sample households. A total of 200 household heads were selected randomly from adopters and non-adopters categories of four potential beekeeping localities. Date was collected by using household survey and key informant interview and analyzed by using censured Tobit model. From sampled households 68% of respondents who have bee hive; the majority of them fall under medium adopters’ category. Variations in intensity of adoption of bee hive components were observed among adopter category. The output of censured Tobit model was indicate that six variables such as total livestock unit, apiary site visit by farmer, perceived cost of technology by farmer, distance of market center from home, knowledge of farmers for bee management and availability of bee hive technology were found to have significant influence on adoption and intensity of adoption of bee hive technological package. Therefore, agricultural policy and development interventions should give emphasis to the improvement of institutional support system so as to achieve wider adoption and intensity of adoption for small scale farmers. Keywords: Adopters, livestock unit, non-adopters, Tobit Model DOI : 10.7176/ALST/97-03 Publication date: January 31st 2023
Authors:Ofijan Tesfaye Abstract: The study was conducted to adapt and evaluate the performance of improved bee forage and recommend the best performing species for honey production at Haro Sabu districts from 2013-2014 G.C. The evaluated plant species were Medicago sativa, Phocilia indicum, Melilotus officinalis, Trifolium ruppellianum, Fagophyrum japonicum, Fagophyrum esculentum, Coriandrum sativum and Sinaps alba which were sown on station with Randomized complete block design and replicated three times with 2m x 2m (4m2) plot sizes. Germination, duration on flowering, number of flower heads per m2 and honey bee foraging intensity on flowers per m2 were parameters used to evaluate the adaptation of the introduced improved bee forages and analyzed using ANOVA. Statistically the longer (68) and shorter (27) days it took on flowering was observed on Medicago sativa and Coriandrum sativum, respectively under the experiment. Fagophyrum japonicum and Fagophyrum esculentum produces statistically higher number of flower head per m2 plot area while Phocilia indicum, Sinups alba and Medicago sativa produces statistically similar and the least flower head per m2 which are 153, 196 and 202, respectively. Regarding on the mean number of bee visits on plants, Trifolium ruppellianum was statistically significantly visited by higher number of bee foragers (579) while Coriandrum sativum was the least (162). The data revealed that Melilotus officinalis, Trifolium ruppellianum, Fagophyrum japonicum, Fagophyrum esculentum, Sinaps alba, Phocilia indicum and Medicago sativa were performed well in terms of flower head per plant, number of bee visits and duration on flowering for honey production. Keywords: Coriandrum sativum, Fagophyrum esculentum, Fagophyrum japonicum, Medicago sativa, Melilotus officinalis, Phocilia indicum, Sinaps alba and Trifolium ruppellianum. DOI : 10.7176/ALST/97-04 Publication date: January 31st 2023
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