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Pages: 3 - 16 Abstract: ABSTRACTOver the past several decades, the rapid growth of Southwestern United States desert cities is creating significant climate and water scarcity challenges. City planners are using green infrastructure to mitigate these challenges and develop more livable, sustainable, and resilient communities. This study uses hedonic pricing modeling (HPM) to evaluate how constructed wastewater wetlands impact home values integrated into the project design. It compares Crystal Gardens in Avondale, AZ, consisting of 14 engineered wastewater filtering ponds, to nearby neighborhoods with desert landscaping. HPM revealed higher values for Crystal Gardens homes overall (7%) and significant increases for homes on the ponds (14%). Results demonstrate the economic value of integrating water-related infrastructure in desert cities for home sales. For a more accurate benefit assessment, additional research is needed on how the ecosystem services provided by these constructed wetlands contribute to greater property values. PubDate: Tue, 14 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.4315/jgb.18.1.3 Issue No:Vol. 18, No. 1 (2023)
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Pages: 17 - 35 Abstract: ABSTRACTUrbanization has brought about more impenetrable surfaces, and this causes most regions’ stormwater systems to be not ready to manage flooding occasions related to increased stormwater overflow. To deal with stormwater management concerns, a growing number of states and regions have been implementing green infrastructure. In addition, municipalities must develop green infrastructure on publicly owned land and urge people to install green infrastructure on their private property to meet stormwater management goals. The factors that influence people’s willingness to implement their green infrastructure have been studied in the past. However, very few studies have comprehensively researched the barriers to adoption, and social barriers, for the most part, have been ignored. This research aims to understand better the factors that influence citizens’ desire to install green infrastructure by investigating socio-cognitive factors and other influencing factors. An online questionnaire was established for this purpose. Statistical analyses were conducted using hierarchical logistic regression models built for each form of green infrastructure in the study. Self-efficacy, subjective norm, visual appearance, maintenance time, and general knowledge were all found to be significant determinants of a resident’s willingness to install green infrastructure. In the current study, however, attitudes and cost identified as significant barriers in the literature were not found significant to predict willingness to implement green infrastructure. Moreover, these findings suggest that municipalities may successfully promote green infrastructure adoption on private land by training and sponsoring exemplary projects in residential districts. PubDate: Tue, 14 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.4315/jgb.18.1.17 Issue No:Vol. 18, No. 1 (2023)
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Pages: 37 - 69 Abstract: ABSTRACTEnergy consumption in buildings has become one of the most critical problems in all countries and principles of sustainability suggest that a satisfactory solution must be found to reduce energy consumption. This study aims to identify and prioritize energy consumption optimization strategies in buildings. Data collection consists of gathering primary data from the existing literature and secondary data from interviews, questionnaires, and simulations through building information modeling (BIM) tools. Twenty-nine strategies were identified and categorized into five groups according to their nature and ranked using one of the multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods called the step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA). A case study building in Shiraz, Iran, was simulated using BIM software, and the energy saving potential of the highest ranked strategies were obtained. According to the results, significant contributors to the energy consumption optimization were “Using renewable energy resources,” “Using efficient insulation,” and “Using suitable materials,” providing 100%, 35%, and 23% efficacy, respectively. The results obtained from this study can inform the building industry’s key stakeholders regarding the best strategies to apply in order to reduce energy consumption and improve sustainability in the construction industry. PubDate: Tue, 14 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.4315/jgb.18.1.37 Issue No:Vol. 18, No. 1 (2023)
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Pages: 71 - 93 Abstract: ABSTRACTAlthough many studies have shown that housing wealth impacts household consumption behavior patterns, they have not incorporated housing characteristics into their research framework. Against the background of China’s reformed housing system, this study therefore constructs a theoretical framework of housing differences, credit constraints, and household energy consumption by adopting sample data from China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) of 7064 households in 25 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China. Multiple regression methodology is used based on the emission peak and carbon neutrality goal proposed by the Chinese government in 2021. The results show that housing differences significantly impact household energy consumption; housing assets have a significant wealth effect on household energy consumption; energy consumption of house owners increases due to the appreciation of their housing; and that the housing proportion of a household’s gross assets has a significant negative impact on household energy consumption. Furthermore, based on spatial distribution, it is found that the energy consumption level of households with housing properties in the developed regions of central and eastern China is significantly higher than that in the western regions. The study provides empirical evidence for China to build a linkage mechanism between energy policy and real estate policy and provides empirical support for the implementation of differentiated policies of energy consumption. PubDate: Tue, 14 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.4315/jgb.18.1.71 Issue No:Vol. 18, No. 1 (2023)
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Pages: 95 - 117 Abstract: ABSTRACTThe courtyard is an ancient outdoor design space surrounded by walls or buildings, acting as a microclimate modifier in hot-dry climates. This is related to its geometry, such as high proportions of height-to-width (H/W) and north-south (NS) orientation by providing shade and decreasing heat stress on hot summer days. However, its effect during winter still needs to be discussed, especially in hot summer and cold winter conditions (such as in semi-arid climates). This research studies the winter thermal comfort of a typical courtyard geometry suitable for hot summer conditions in a semi-arid climate. A literature review supports the identification of typical courtyard geometry addressed for hot summer conditions. Then, field measurements of the external surface temperature of courtyard interior orientations, microclimatic variables, and the Predicted Mean Votes (PMV) of occupants inside the courtyard were performed. The results indicate high correlations between PMV and courtyard interior orientations with the H/W ratio regarding cold stress. Thus, north-east and South-East orientations and H/W ratio less than (< 0.8) are recommended for better winter environmental conditions in semi-arid climates. PubDate: Tue, 14 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.4315/jgb.18.1.95 Issue No:Vol. 18, No. 1 (2023)
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Pages: 119 - 145 Abstract: ABSTRACTThe construction industry is one of the three largest carbon emitting industries in the world, accounting for up to thirty percent of global greenhouse gas emissions each year. Since traditional cast-in-situ building operations significantly contribute to these emissions and cannot therefore meet green building requirements, prefabricated buildings have come in to their own as a construction method that effectively reduces carbon emissions. Although studies have been conducted in to reducing carbon emissions by using prefabricated techniques at the building construction stage, none have focused on the reduction of carbon emissions by using prefabricated instead of cast-in-situ decoration systems. This study therefore used a case study in China to evaluate the carbon reduction potential of prefabricated decoration floor systems compared with traditional cast-in-situ decoration floor systems, and to also consider the carbon reduction pathways of four different types of prefabricated floor system from the perspectives of work methods and materials. Since the case study results showed that the carbon emissions reduction of the prefabricated floor system was 69.7%, or 101.5 kg CO2e per cubic meter, it can be concluded that there is a significant carbon reduction potential for using a prefabricated decoration floor system compared with a traditional cast-in-situ decoration floor system. The key contribution of the study is that it provides valuable references for interior decoration practitioners and decision makers when considering ways to reduce carbon emissions through prefabricated decoration floor systems. PubDate: Tue, 14 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.4315/jgb.18.1.119 Issue No:Vol. 18, No. 1 (2023)
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Pages: 147 - 167 Abstract: ABSTRACTDesign guidelines prescribed by climate analysis tools are broad and similar for various cities under the same climate zone overlooking the impact of altitude, latitude, and surrounding geographical features. Boundary conditions determined by International Standards underestimate the cooling potential of passive strategies in the free-running mode in warm-humid climates. Thus, a climate file-based study is conducted to determine city-specific requirements for the residential building program. Indices like Climatic Potential for Natural Ventilation and Climatic Cooling Potential are used in conjunction with the Indian Model for Adaptive Comfort to define boundary conditions for Natural Ventilation, Nocturnal Ventilation Potential, and Thermal Mass Potential in four inland and coastal cities in the warm-humid climate of South India. With the least Natural Ventilation Potential, mixed-mode operation of buildings is feasible in Nagercoil. Elevated airspeeds benefit Tiruchirappalli and Chennai during the day. With a Nocturnal Ventilation Potential of 10–20%, passive dehumidification is favorable in all cities. Results show that the climatic potential for each strategy varies with location and plays an important role in developing city specific design inputs for residences. PubDate: Tue, 14 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.4315/jgb.18.1.147 Issue No:Vol. 18, No. 1 (2023)
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Pages: 169 - 188 Abstract: ABSTRACTThe 4th industrial revolution (4IR) is transforming the traditional modes of systems delivery to be more effective and efficient. This is leveraged from the application of advanced technological methods which are attributed to sophisticated computational capabilities such as Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs). For facilities management (FM), the business environment features of any organisation play a vital role in attaining its objectives which is a core mandate in delivering the functions of FM. Hence, it is important to assess the business environment factors influencing the use of CPS in the delivery of FM functions. This study was conducted in Gauteng province in South Africa with the use of a structured questionnaire administered to built environment professionals. Collected data were analysed in five stages which include data reliability and validity, descriptive statistics, establishing a difference in groups’ opinion, principal component analysis, and model testing and fit statistics. Findings from the analysis revealed that business environment features were statistically significant in the actualisation of the use of CPS for FM. Conclusively, the findings from the study make both theoretical and practical contributions to the body of knowledge by providing insights that can help equip organisations with the knowledge of business environment factors that are influential in the use of CPS for FM. PubDate: Tue, 14 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.4315/jgb.18.1.169 Issue No:Vol. 18, No. 1 (2023)
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Pages: 189 - 216 Abstract: ABSTRACTIn recent years, the housing market has developed rapidly during the process of urbanization. Since people require adequate housing safety, safety challenges associated with housing have received increasing attention. Although development of sustainable housing was rapid in the last few decades, insufficient studies considered households’ needs and examined the health and psychological safety issues in sustainable housing. This study aims to establish an indicator system and develop a model to evaluate habitat safety from three dimensions: physical safety, health safety, and psychological safety. This study develops an evaluation system containing 46 indicators to assess the safety performance of sustainable housing from households’ perspectives. In addition, criteria importance through intercriteria correlation (CRITIC) method is combined with the Cloud Model to provide systematic and visual evaluation results. A government-funded sustainable housing project in Chongqing, China, is selected as a case study and questionnaire surveys were delivered to collect the raw data of subjective ratings on the 46 safety indicators. The following findings are observed: (1) there is a prominent demand for improvement in psychological safety of sustainable housing, followed by health safety; (2) different age groups have different safety needs; and (3) regulations and standards are very important to improve the habitat safety of sustainable housing. The study considers safety issues from households’ perspectives and introduces a different idea of human safety in sustainable housing. It provides an effective method to evaluate housing safety and could be a useful reference for further development of sustainable housing. PubDate: Tue, 14 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.4315/jgb.18.1.189 Issue No:Vol. 18, No. 1 (2023)
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Pages: 219 - 241 Abstract: ABSTRACTPassive heating, lighting, and ventilation techniques in historic buildings and their sustainability in conjunction with new designs are essential to maintaining a greener, ecological environment. This article describes a framework for identifying and disclosing the passive survival strategies and resulting solutions applied to historic baths in Anatolia. The aim is to first increase knowledge and awareness of ancient systems and to discuss and examine their contemporary inspirations and considerations of existing and new construction technologies. A total of four baths from the Roman, Byzantine, Principalities and Ottoman periods in Anatolia were selected. Their original heating, lighting, and ventilation systems were determined largely through on-site observations, literature review, and archival sources. The results indicate that in today’s modern residential, industrial or commercial buildings, reflections of these ancient technologies and traditional concepts can be observed as the main source of inspiration. They can be seen either in the form of light pipes, underfloor heating systems, or a double-skin façade. The old technologies and solutions of historic baths are mostly sustainable and ecological. Looking back at these historic technologies can inspire further ecological design developments and symbiotic implementation possibilities in new building designs. PubDate: Tue, 14 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.4315/jgb.18.1.219 Issue No:Vol. 18, No. 1 (2023)
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Pages: 243 - 263 Abstract: ABSTRACTThis paper discusses the design of a net-zero single-family house in Chattanooga, Tennessee, which was proposed for the 2022 Solar Decathlon Design Challenge entry. The site was in a 100-year flood zone and registered as a national and local historic district. The interdisciplinary team consisted of University of Tennessee Chattanooga (UTC) students from the interior architecture and engineering departments who embraced the challenges of the local climate and the restrictions of the historic district guidelines. This entry, Moc House, focused on the integration of passive design and active HVAC systems including photovoltaic systems in the process. In responding to recent housing market changes in Chattanooga due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a young professional couple in their 30s who have two children was identified as the target market which guided the space planning. Market analysis, including ROI, was conducted in addition to construction cost calculations. Building materials were selected to enhance the durability and resilience of the house structure. Finally, energy analysis was conducted to check the project’s Home Energy Rating using Ekotrope and found it less than zero. PubDate: Tue, 14 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.4315/jgb.18.1.243 Issue No:Vol. 18, No. 1 (2023)
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