JournalTOCs

Waste Management & Research
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.519

Citation Impact (citeScore): 2
Number of Followers: 7

Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
ISSN (Print) 0734-242X - ISSN (Online) 1096-3669
Published by Sage Publications

[1176 journals]

A critical review of municipal solid waste hydraulic conductivity: A mini
review
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  Authors: Sajjad Karimi, Christopher A. Bareither, Joseph Scalia
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  This study is a critical review of municipal solid waste (MSW) hydraulic conductivity that includes investigation of the influence of vertical stress, dry unit weight and degradation. A total of 56 studies were compiled that included laboratory-, pilot- and landfill-scale hydraulic conductivity experiments. Compacting waste and increasing vertical stress reduce MSW hydraulic conductivity via reshaping the pore networks throughout the waste matrix, reducing the void ratio and increasing tortuosity. However, the magnitude of reduction in hydraulic conductivity is dependent on stress, waste composition and decomposition. Solid waste decomposition can have opposing effects on hydraulic conductivity. Some studies have indicated that an increase in MSW decomposition results in particle size reduction and settlement that reduces the void ratio and decreases hydraulic conductivity. Conversely, some studies indicate that waste decomposition reduces the solid mass, which increases the void ratio and creates larger flow paths that increase hydraulic conductivity. The data compilation, observations and key findings from this study are beneficial for solid waste practitioners to improve design, analysis and operation of MSW landfills.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-11-28T10:05:19Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231204814
Psychological determinants of consumption of reusable containers for
takeaway food and drinks
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  Authors: Lisa Selma Moussaoui, Zoé Cimatti, Matthieu Raeis
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  Using food and drink disposable containers has heavy environmental and economic consequences. The widespread adoption of reusable containers is a challenge that requires understanding the psychological determinants and barriers of the behaviour. Two studies were conducted: one with a sample from the general public (study 1, N = 302) and one with respondents having access to a reusable container system at work (study 2, N = 737). Online surveys measured self-reported use of single-use and reusable containers for food and drinks takeaway (studies 1 and 2) and for food delivery (study 1). Stages of change and psychological determinants were also measured to provide behavioural levers. Results indicate that in study 1, most of the sample is aware of the issue associated with single-use containers but has not switched to reusable. In study 2, most respondents say they are already using few single-use and are willing to continue, particularly for drinks to go. Thus, accessibility at the workplace to a reusable container system is associated with higher stages of change. However, many respondents are also in the preactional phase for food takeaway, that is, willing to change but have not started yet. In both studies, perception of control on the behaviour and volitional variables are positively associated with stages of change. This suggests that making reusable containers easier to use and helping individuals plan how and when they can do it could encourage behaviour change.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-11-17T12:39:33Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231205470
Time to dump the waste hierarchy'
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  Authors: Anders Lagerkvist
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-11-08T09:36:01Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231213238
Circular economy strategies for waste management in Sri Lanka: A focus on
demolitions and repurpose and material recovery and production stages
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  Authors: H.C. Victar, K.G.A.S. Waidyasekara
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  In Sri Lanka, the management of Construction & Demolition (C&D) waste poses a major problem, leading to environmental degradation and depletion of resources. This study aims to tackle these issues by examining the implementation of Circular Economy (CE) strategies within the construction industry of Sri Lanka. The focus is on reducing waste generation and maximizing resource utilization during the demolitions and repurpose, as well as material recovery and production stages of the building project life cycle. These stages are crucial in terms of waste generation and resource consumption. A qualitative approach was employed in this research, utilizing the Delphi technique to gather insights through a series of three rounds of expert interviews. In the first round, 17 experts were involved, followed by 15 in the second round, and 12 in the final round. The data collected from these interviews were analysed using manual content analysis methods. Based on the research findings, a total of 14 C&D Waste Management (WM) issues were identified specifically in the Demolitions and Repurpose Stage in Sri Lanka. For each issue, suitable strategies were proposed to overcome them effectively. Furthermore, the study examined the impact of CE strategies on minimizing these issues within the context of the project management iron triangle. Similarly, the Material Recovery and Production Stage of the building presented eight C&D WM issues, each accompanied by corresponding strategies to address them. The research also explored the influence of CE strategies in mitigating these issues, considering the project management iron triangle. During the demolitions and repurpose stage, CE strategies focus on reducing waste generation and optimizing resource utilization. This involves carefully deconstructing buildings to salvage and recover materials that can be reused or repurposed.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-10-31T10:34:04Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231206988
The need of a stronger synergy of social and engineering sciences to pave
the way for a sustainable circular economy
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  Authors: Alberto Bezama
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-10-31T06:50:44Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231209621
Ghana’s recently introduced e-waste regulatory policy: A hope for a
better e-waste sector'
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  Authors: Frank Awere Kwayie Bimpong, Michael Osei Asibey, Daniel Kweku Baah Inkoom
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  Electronic waste (e-waste), often dominated by the informal sector, has had adverse effects on recipient developing countries’ economies, health and physical environment. Ghana, over the years, has had support from international organisations to manage its e-waste crisis. Until 2016, there was no e-waste specific policy to guide the management of the sector. In 2016, Ghana passed a regulatory policy – Act 917 – to specifically deal with e-waste, supported by other frameworks such as a regulatory instrument (L.I. 2250), a technical guideline for environmentally sound e-waste management and an e-waste-specific policy, which is currently being developed. However, there is dearth of research on how effectively a regulatory policy such as Act 917 can help address an informally dominated sector whose crude recycling approaches have had great environmental and health impacts. Adapting the analytical framework and intervention theory, key stakeholders within the e-waste sector were interviewed on: the effectiveness of the Act, the challenges confronting them and their involvement in the design and implementation processes. The findings showed that stakeholders were represented at various stages of the process. Informal recyclers were provided with training programmes, health centres and an incentive scheme to minimise burning of electrical and electronic equipment. There however exist many challenges to the sound management of the sector, particularly, the lack of end-to-end recycling facilities, registering and formalising the sector and sequencing of the e-waste policy and regulatory framework. The research concludes by recommending areas for future studies.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-10-31T06:48:44Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231204457
Waste management developments in the last five decades: Asian perspective
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  Authors: Pariatamby Agamuthu, Sandhya Babel
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  Solid waste management was explored in Asia’s last five decades, and the issues and challenges were identified. Waste generation has increased in all nations in the previous 50 years, although more recently, a declining trend has been observed in Japan and Korea. The composition has been predominantly organic, with 45–50% being kitchen waste. Material extraction and productivity to sustain the most populous part of the globe are explained. Waste management technologies have evolved, with more nations slowly transitioning from landfills to using waste-to-energy options. However, landfilling and open dumps are still the major disposal choice in most developing countries in Asia. Thus, the issues of concern include dumpsites management, the informal sector, waste collection, open burning and food waste. Changes (increasing trends) in the recycling technologies and quantum are evident, as seen in several country reports from India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand and Vietnam. There are several issues and challenges for recycling, which are explored in the text. Lastly, the drivers that propel the whole scenario of waste management in Asia and the evolution of these drivers over time are discussed. Several recommendations are included to achieve sustainable waste management in Asia.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-10-12T11:28:48Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231199938
The impact of landfill management approaches on methane emissions
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  Authors: Heijo Scharff, Hun-Yang Soon, Sam Rwabwehare Taremwa, Dennis Zegers, Bob Dick, Thiago Villas Bôas Zanon, Jonathan Shamrock
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  This article reports on how management approaches influence methane emissions from landfills. The project team created various landfill operational scenarios for different regions of the planet with respect to waste composition, organic waste reduction and landfill gas recovery timing. These scenarios were modelled by applying a basic gas generation model according to the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) recommendations. In general, the IPCC’s recommended modelling parameters and default values were used. Based on the modelling undertaken, two options stand out as being the most effective methane mitigation measures in a wide range of conditions throughout the world: (a) early gas recovery and (b) reduction of the amount of biodegradable organic waste accepted in a landfill. It is noted that reduction of organic input to any given landfill can take many years to realize. Moreover, suitable alternative processing or disposal options for the organic waste can be unaffordable for a significant percentage of the planet’s population. Although effective, organic waste reduction cannot therefore be the only landfill methane mitigation measure. Early landfill gas recovery can be very effective by applying basic technologies that can be deployed relatively quickly, and at modest cost. Policymakers and regulators from around the globe can significantly reduce adverse environmental impacts from landfill gas emissions by stimulating both the early capture and flaring and/or energy recovery of landfill gas and programmes to reduce the inflow of organic waste into landfills.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-10-12T10:35:10Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231200742
Does the new municipal solid waste management regulation promote
residents’ waste separation behaviour' Evidence from survey data in
Beijing, China
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  Authors: Chen Lu, Xiaodi Yi, Yurou Zou
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  Waste source separation is an essential section of successful municipal solid waste management, and the city governments in China are shifting from building massive waste treatment facilities to regulating residents’ waste separation behaviour (WSB). In order to promote residents’ WSB, Beijing, the capital of China, implemented the new version of municipal household waste management regulation (NEMAR) and allocated more funds. This article constructs a theoretical framework to analyse the relationship between the NEMAR and residents’ WSB from the perspective of policy tools, and uses propensity score matching method to evaluate the NEMAR’s effectiveness on promoting residents’ WSB, with first-hand data collected by distributing two rounds of questionnaires in Beijing. Results show that the NEMAR in Beijing have significantly improved the frequency and accuracy of residents’ WSB. The command-control tools such as fines are effective to enhance WSB. The information guidance tools such as propaganda in community publicity column, banner and brochure could significantly promote residents’ WSB frequency. Training seminars could enhance residents’ WSB accuracy. The economic incentive tools are ineffective, and the policy of direct material rewards even hampers residents’ WSB. This research reveals the effectiveness of the new policy and different tools in promoting residents’ WSB. It could provide evidence for policymakers to utilize more effective governing tools and optimize the allocation of public resources.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-10-07T08:45:38Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231197366
Methodology to quantify single-use plastic products in municipal solid
waste Part 2: Quantification of tobacco products with filters in Germany
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  Authors: Alena Maria Spies, Jonathan Geldmacher, Cristina García López, Thomas Pretz, Karoline Raulf
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  Discharge from unrestricted tobacco products with filters (TPF) causes environmental damage. To reduce TPF litter quantities, Directive (EU) 2019/904 requires TPF producers to proportionally contribute to the costs of discarding their products in public waste collection systems, including litter waste ones. An appropriate output-based cost model requires assessing TPF quantities in relevant waste streams. Currently, there is no comprehensive data available on TPF quantities in municipal solid waste (MSW). Therefore, a case study was conducted to quantify TPF in MSW. This study aimed to determine TPF quantities (1) in residual waste from four German district types and (2) in waste from public collection systems for three settlement structures within Trier City. Relevant waste streams from public collection systems, namely waste from public waste receptacles, street-cleaning waste and sinkhole residues, were identified. For both sampling campaigns, consideration was given to extrapolating the results to a larger scale. The results showed that the average specific TPF quantities in residual waste were 277.7, 271.8, 193.3 and 204.5 gi− 1a− 1 in the selected city district, urban district, densely populated rural district and sparsely populated rural district, respectively. Extrapolation of these results to Germany yielded a specific TPF quantity in residual waste of 250.3 gi-1a-1. The average specific TPF quantities in waste from public waste receptacles, street-cleaning waste and sinkhole residues were 12.2, 47.4 and 9.9 gi−1a− 1, respectively. The results could contribute to cost model development based on Directive (EU) 2019/904.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-10-07T08:39:52Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231200091
Management of healthcare waste collection and segregation for developing
countries
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  Authors: Jogendra Jangre, Kanika Prasad, Dharmendra Patel
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  Healthcare waste (HCW) consists of hazardous material that may be radioactive, toxic or infectious. Inappropriate treatment and disposal of HCW may pose health risks to humans indirectly through the release of pathogens and toxic pollutants into the environment. The biggest problem in HCW management is its handling, which causes anxiety over sorting and categorizing the waste. Hence, the current study identifies and addresses the challenges towards sustainable environmental development by managing infectious HCW in developing countries. Fuzzy Delphi method is used in the present study to carefully examine the barrier drawn from the literature and experts’ opinions. The number of barriers taken into consideration for study are 30, which are then grouped into four main categories, that is, social, environmental, technological and economic barriers. Additionally, a hybrid strategy based on the fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory is developed in this work to examine the significance and interrelationships of the identified barrier. The research outcome is a hierarchy and classification model based on the relative importance of the barriers. The results of this study indicate that: ‘Lack of segregation’, ‘Inconsistency in waste collection’, ‘Unregulated disposal site’ and ‘Inadequate programme for training and awareness’ require quick action. The conclusions obtained through the study would facilitate the preparation of check sheets for documenting HCW management procedures by the healthcare administration and Pollution Control Boards. Understanding the priority cause-group barrier would improve the long-term protection of the hospital environment from the spread of infection caused by the HCW.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-10-06T04:49:44Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231199917
Circular economy of the WEEE: A potential waste resource
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  Authors: Abhishek Kumar Awasthi
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-10-05T12:31:22Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231202199
Pyrolysis of municipal solid waste compost: Pilot plant evaluation as a
sustainable practise of waste management
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  Authors: A Palma, S Clemente-Castro, M Ruiz-Montoya, I Giráldez, MJ Díaz
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  To evaluate the potential of compost based on municipal solid waste (MSW) and 20% legume pruning under a pyrolysis process, generated products, including solids (biochar), liquids (bio-oil), and gases (non-condensable gases), through experimentation in a pilot plant with a fluidized bed reactor at 450°C and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry have been analysed. In addition, the compost kinetic behaviour by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), using the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) method, has been investigated. Four different reaction zones, associated with lignocellulosic materials (hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin) with a first step for water evaporation, in TGA curve have been observed. A biochar with low stability and aromaticity, considering high and low O/C and H/C ratios, respectively, has been obtained. The obtained pyrolytic liquids contain a high concentration of phenolic compounds because of a significant presence of lignins and other high molecular weight compounds in the original material. Moreover, the generated non-condensable gases consist mainly of short-chain compounds, such as alcohols, aldehydes, and alkenes produced from hemicellulose, cellulose, and proteins.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-10-04T09:24:36Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231200744
Management of COVID-19 healthcare waste based on the circular economy
hierarchy: A critical review
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  Authors: Evangelos A Voudrias
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  The overall objective of this work was to conduct a critical literature review on the application of the circular economy (CE) hierarchy for the management of COVID-19 healthcare waste (HCW). To describe the problem created by COVID-19 HCW, first, the subsystems of the overall management system, including generation, segregation, classification, storage, collection, transport, treatment and disposal, were reviewed and briefly described. Then, the CE hierarchy using the 10R typology was adapted to the management of COVID-19 HCW and included the strategies Refuse, Reduce, Resell/Reuse, Repair, Reprocess, Refurbish, Remanufacture, Repurpose, Recycle and Recover (energy). Disposal was added as a sink of residues from the CE strategies. Using the detailed 10R CE hierarchy for COVID-19 HCW management is the novelty of this review. It was concluded that R-strategy selection depends on its position in the CE hierarchy and medical item criticality and value. Indicative HCW components, which can be managed by each R-strategy, were compiled, but creating value by recovering infectious downgraded materials contaminated with body fluids and tissues is not currently possible. Therefore, after applying the circular solutions, the end of pipe treatment and disposal would be necessary to close material cycles at the end of their life cycles. Addressing the risks, knowledge gaps and policy recommendations of this article may help to combat COVID-19 and future pandemics without creating environmental crises.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-09-27T12:35:04Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231198424
Learning from the past to plan for the future: An historical review of the
evolution of waste and resource management 1970–2020 and reflections on
priorities 2020–2030 – The perspective of an involved witness
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  Authors: David C Wilson
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  Improving waste and resource management (WaRM) around the world can halve the weight of plastics entering the oceans, significantly mitigate global heating and contribute directly to 12 of 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs). Achieving such results demands understanding and learning from historical evolution of WaRM. The baseline is 1970, prior to environmental legislation. Early steps in the Global North focused on the ‘technical fix’ within strictly enforced legal frameworks, first bringing hazardous wastes and municipal solid wastes (MSW) under control, then gradually ramping up environmental standards. Using modern technologies to the Global South often failed due to institutional and financial constraints. From 1990, focus switched to integrating technical and governance aspects: local institutional coherence, financial sustainability, provider inclusivity, user inclusivity, national legislative and policy framework. The Global North rediscovered recycling, using policy measures to promote segregation at source; this relied on new markets in emerging economies, which had largely disappeared by 2020. The Global South is making progress on bringing wastes under control, but around 2.7 billion people lack access to waste collection, while ~40% of collected MSW is open dumped or burned – a continuing global waste emergency. So, much remains to be done to move further towards a circular economy. Three policy priorities are critical for all countries: access to sustainable financing, rethinking sustainable recycling and worldwide extended producer responsibility with teeth. Extending services to unserved communities (SDG11.6.1) requires a people-centred approach, working with communities to provide both quality services and decent livelihoods for collection and recycling workers.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-09-21T12:29:15Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231178025
Mitigating the barriers of industrial symbiosis for waste management: An
integrated decision-making framework for the textile and clothing industry
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  Authors: Vinay Surendra Yadav, Abhijit Majumdar
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  Waste management in the textile and clothing (TAC) industry is a challenging issue due to high resource consumption and pollution generation. Therefore, the adoption of industrial symbiosis (IS) is the need of the hour for the TAC industry. However, the adoption of IS in emerging economies like India, Brazil, Bangladesh, etc. is limited due to various impediments. The present work aims to identify and analyse these barriers and develop mitigation strategies in the context of Indian TAC industry. Eighteen IS barriers have been identified and validated; and the interrelationships among them are studied by applying the ‘weighted influence non-linear gauge system (WINGS)’ method, which not only estimates the intensity of influence but also takes the self-strength of barriers into account. The results show that lack of trust amongst supply chain partners, lack of financial incentives from the government, lack of guidance from regularity bodies and industry associations and lack of consumer awareness are the most significant barriers. Additionally, the strategies to mitigate these barriers are developed based on a quadruple helix framework considering academia–-government–industry–society as the main actors. The findings of the study will be helpful for the TAC industry, policymakers and other concerned stakeholders in framing suitable strategies to improve the long-term waste management practices of the industry and to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs).
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-09-20T10:45:58Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231197367
Developing an extended producer responsibility system for solid waste
management in Jordan using multi-criteria decision-making approach
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  Authors: Hani Abu-Qdais, Marwan Al-Saleh
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  To move from a traditional end of pipe approach into a more sustainable solid waste management system, the Jordanian Government has recently passed a set of new regulations The National Solid Waste Management Strategy has put a road map to encourage circular economy practices. One of the considered policy instruments is the adoption of the extended producer responsibility (EPR). The current study aimed to adopt a multi-criteria decision-making method to select the most convenient EPR structure within the Jordanian context. The study used analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy AHP (FAHP) techniques to select the suitable type of producer responsibility organization (PRO) structure. A four-level hierarchy model was constructed with 4 criteria, 10 sub-criteria and 3 PRO alternatives. The analysis revealed that the legal and administrative criteria is the most important one (0.47) followed by environmental criteria (0.22), whereas the least important ones were socio-economic (0.17) and technical criteria (0.13). The most preferable PRO alternative was found to be PRO with profit. There were slight differences between all weight values under AHP and FAHP. Despite the availability of several laws, there is a need to develop the legal and administrative framework to enable the adoption of EPR in Jordan. Research should be the first step in the process of EPR system design. None of the previous studies conducted used the AHP and FAHP in assessing and selecting the EPR systems.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-09-14T12:40:29Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231198444
Role of sustainable development goals in advancing the circular economy: A
state-of-the-art review on past, present and future directions
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  Authors: Muhammad Ashraf Fauzi, Nazim Hanis Zainal Abidin, Mazen M. Omer, Ahmed Farouk Kineber, Abdul Rahimi Abdul Rahman
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  The purpose of this study is to review the relationship between the highly anticipated concept of circular economy (CE) and sustainable development goals (SDGs). These two sustainability principles have transformed organizations and countries in their quest to achieve sustainable development. Despite their importance to the business and corporate realm, the discussion of these two concepts has been developed in silos, arbitrarily connected. Through a bibliometric approach, this study reviewed 226 journal publications and 16,008 cited references from the Web of Science (WoS) to understand the past, present and future trends of the two concepts and their impact on the sustainability development. The bibliometric approach of citation, co-citation and co-word analysis uncovers the relevant and significant themes and research streams. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed within the broader business and governance perspective to develop a substantial triple bottom line in creating a sustainable future for civil society.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-09-08T11:18:57Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231196765
Construction and demolition waste framework of circular economy: A mini
review
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  Authors: Iliana Papamichael, Irene Voukkali, Pantelitsa Loizia, Antonis A Zorpas
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  As the demand for materials continues to increase and building lifespans shorten, the construction industry faces mounting pressure to reduce its material and environmental impacts. Mismanagement of construction and demolition waste (CDW) can have severe environmental consequences. To address this, material recovery and circular economy approaches offer significant potential for reducing construction waste through the sustainable use of resources. Existing circular economy and material recovery models that prioritize recycling and reuse efforts demonstrate a sustained commitment to supporting circular practices in the construction and demolition sector. The goal is to minimize waste production, which poses environmental challenges such as raw material shortages and sustainability concerns. Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement for recruiting relevant literature, this mini review aims to identify the obstacles to implementing circular economy practices in the construction industry, while exploring opportunities for material recovery and circularity. The ultimate aim is to facilitate a fair and smooth transition towards sustainable development, while addressing environmental, social and economic barriers. A more sustainable and circular approach to building construction and management can be attained by considering all the aspects of the CDW cycle, resulting in significant benefits for the environment and society as a whole.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-09-01T03:20:52Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231190804
Prediction of municipal solid waste generation and analysis of dominant
variables in rapidly developing cities based on machine learning – a
case study of China
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  Authors: Ying Zhao, Zhe Tao, Ying Li, Huige Sun, Jingrui Tang, Qianya Wang, Liang Guo, Weiwei Song, Bailian Larry Li
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  Prediction of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation plays an essential role in effective waste management. The main objectives of this study were to develop models for accurate prediction of MSW generation (MSWG) and analyze the influence of dominant variables on MSWG. To elevate the model’s prediction accuracy, more than 50 municipal variables were considered original variables, which were selected from 12 categories. According to the screening results, the dominant variables are classified into four categories: urban greening, population size and residential density, regional economic development and resident income and expenditure. Among the seven machine learning methods, back propagation (BP) neural network has the best model evaluation effect. The R2 of the BP neural network model of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shandong provinces were 0.969, 0.941 and 0.971 respectively. The prediction accuracy of Shandong province (93.8%) was the best, followed by Jiangsu province (92.3%) and Zhejiang province (72.7%). The correlation between dominant variables and the MSWG was mined, suggesting that regional GDP and the total retail sales of consumer goods were the most important dominant variables affecting MSWG. Moreover, the MSWG might not absolutely associate with the population size and residential density. The method used in this study is a practical tool for policymakers on regional/local waste management and MSWG control.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-08-29T06:29:12Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231192766
A systematic review of country-specific drivers and barriers to household
food waste reduction and prevention
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  Authors: Dane Chia, Chin Choo Yap, Shin Ling Wu, Elizaveta Berezina, Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua, Lai Ti Gew
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  Food waste is a global challenge that threatens the sustainable development of human societies. Although food waste is produced in all stages of the food supply chain, household food waste is the biggest contributor to the food waste fraction. In this research, we systematically reviewed 54 empirical studies to explore drivers and barriers to household food waste reduction and prevention. Key aspects, such as comprehension and perception of food waste issues, practices and lifestyles, were examined. Our findings suggest that a great understanding of the impact of one’s food waste on health, environment and economy directly promotes food waste management. Additionally, the food waste issue is not attributed to a single factor, it may differ varies across countries. The majority of the reviewed literature on household food waste comes from European countries, where similar geographical, economic and cultural characteristics may lead to comparable drivers and barriers. This could be the reason for showing optimistic experience to the respective food waste management interventions. However, the applicability of these findings and interventions to regions beyond Europe are uncertain. Future studies should also be expanded to include regions such as Asia, North America, Africa, Oceania, Latin America and the Caribbean. To support the sustainable management of household food waste, mapping country-specific food waste determinants is crucial in developing easy-to-implement food waste interventions that can specifically address the food waste issue in each country.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-08-28T12:20:17Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231187559
Organophosphate esters in inert landfill soil: A case study
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  Authors: Victor Berezin Stelzer, Amanda Araújo da Silva, Carmenlucia Santos Giordano Penteado, Joyce Cristale
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  Organophosphate esters (OPEs) used as flame retardants and plasticizers are additives in building and construction materials, decorations, furniture, electronic equipment, among other applications. The presence of materials containing these substances in construction and demolition waste (CDW) from weak waste management practices can result in environmental contamination. In this study, OPEs’ presence in soil samples collected from a CDW landfill in Brazil was evaluated. Soil samples were collected in areas adjacent to CDW from an inert landfill, and the samples were analysed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The OPEs were detected in all soil samples at quantifiable concentrations ranging from 21 to 251 ng g−1, and detected compounds were tris(phenyl) phosphate, tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate, tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate, tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate and 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate. The presence of these compounds in a CDW landfill is probably due to the lack of control of the materials sent to and deposited in the landfill, which, results in part from the lack of sampling and screening systems that can help identify the presence of contaminants in the CDW waste stream. This is partially due to OPEs not being considered controlled compounds under current regulations, thus screening or separation for handling of OPEs at construction and demolition work sites is rare to non-existent. The data generated in this study reveals the need for improving CDW management to minimize, if not eliminate, environmental contamination by OPEs.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-08-28T12:13:35Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231190813
Evaluating the resource recovery efficiency of garbage removal and
disposal in Taiwan
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  Authors: Haoyuan Li, Ching-Cheng Lu, Chih-Yu Yang, Yao-Ching Chung
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  All countries recognize the importance of enhancing circular resource utilization and promoting zero waste in order to achieve a circular economy. This study focuses on 22 counties (cities) in Taiwan and analyses the relationship between changes in resource recovery efficiency and productivity over an 8-year period (2011–2018) using the super efficiency directional distance function and total factor productivity. The results indicate that the average total efficiency of resource recovery in the 22 counties (cities) is 1.3951, with 17 counties (cities) exceeding 1. The average gross productivity of resource recovery is 1.0417, and only four counties have a gross productivity of less than 1. Despite having more administrative resources, municipalities directly under the central government have a slightly lower average total efficiency of resource recovery (1.1464) than non-municipalities (1.4885). To improve efficiency, the government should allocate resources rationally and upgrade technology. The study’s findings can serve as a reference for the 22 counties (cities) in Taiwan and provide guidance for municipal governments worldwide in developing policies related to resource recovery.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-08-22T12:11:11Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231191973
Methodology to quantify single-use plastic products in municipal solid
waste Part 1: Development of a sampling methodology
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  Authors: Alena Maria Spies, Jonathan Geldmacher, Cristina García López, Thomas Pretz, Karoline Raulf
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  In recent years, the consumption of plastic products intended for single use has increased. Directive (EU) 2019/904 aims to reduce the use and the resulting generated waste quantity of single-use plastic (SUP) products. Therefore, manufacturers of SUP products are required to contribute proportionately to the costs of disposing of their products in public collection systems, including litter waste. One possibility to develop a cost model is to determine SUP-product quantities in relevant municipal solid waste (MSW) streams. The partly low quantities and small size of specific SUP products and the focus on waste from public collection systems, including litter waste, impede special requirements for the sampling and analytical procedures. This article provides an approach for sampling and analysing MSW to determine SUP-product quantities. The developed sampling method examines the selection of a suitable sampling area, considering the possibility of extrapolation to a national scale. The adapted sampling procedure aims to achieve statistically representative results. The presented sample preparation is especially suitable for low quantities and small SUP-product sizes. The developed sampling and analytical method aims to achieve representative and reproducible results regarding SUP-product quantities in MSW. The results can contribute to the development of a cost model based on Directive (EU) 2019/904.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-08-22T12:07:28Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231190803
Waste metrics in the framework of circular economy
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  Authors: Irene Voukkali, Iliana Papamichael, Pantelitsa Loizia, Demetris F Lekkas, Teresa Rodríguez-Espinosa, Jose Navarro-Pedreño, Antonis A Zorpas
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  There are several sustainability issues that the linear economy of today’s society cannot adequately tackle (i.e. resource depletion, waste treatment, etc.). As a result, the scientific community and policymakers give high priority to the implementation of the circular economy concept. The sustainable development goals of the United Nations are in line with the European Union’s (EU) commitment to a smooth transition to a circular economy. Circular business models require a shift in technical elements involving R strategies to replace traditional business models (i.e. reuse, reduce, recycle, etc.). Monitoring circular economy to provide quantifiable, measurable data is necessary for a successful transition. Monitoring tools (i.e. Key Performance Indicators, quality protocols) enable decision-makers to measure circular economy performance and identify circularity’s advantages and disadvantages. To stimulate the adoption of a circularity model addressing critical issues of excessive waste production and resource use, this mini review aims to address the literature gap of waste metrics in the framework of circular economy and offer insights on circular economy indicators to aid for a seamless transition to a more sustainable society. For this purpose, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis method was chosen to assess literature. The authors collected and analysed data from 101 records, 70 articles and 31 reports related to the topic under consideration. Through the literature review, it is obvious that moving away from linear production model frequently leads to the development of new internal capabilities along the value chain and, eventually, high efficiency that reduces costs, increasing productivity, encourages brand names, minimizes threats, creates new products and fulfils regulations and green consumer expectations.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-08-21T12:23:57Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231190794
Effect and environmental behaviour of microplastics in soil
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  Authors: Yingnan Cao, Yuping Ma, Yunping Han, Jing Bian, Xuezheng Yu, Zixuan Wang, Jianguo Liu, Weiying Feng, Yuxin Deng, Qingfeng Miao
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  Soil microplastic pollution is currently a worldwide concern. Microplastics are organic pollutants that are abundant in the natural environment, are persistent and difficult to degrade and may endanger human health while harming the environment. This article offers a bibliometric analysis of the environmental behaviour of microplastics in soils, as well as a thorough statistical analysis of research goals and trends in this field. We conducted a thorough search of all relevant literature from 2012 to 2022 in the Web of Science core database. The data analysis shows that, starting in 2012, there has been an upward trend in the number of articles about soil microplastic pollution. It can also be seen that China is relatively ahead of the curve in this area of research, followed by the United Kingdom and the United States. This article also systematically describes the research hotspots in this field. The results show that the current research on soil microplastics is mainly focused on their identification, enrichment and toxicity, whereas studies on the migration and transformation of soil microplastics and the mechanism of interaction with other pollutants are still lacking. Our results provide ideas and prospects for future research in this field.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-08-09T11:55:17Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231190811
The management and prevention of food losses and waste in low- and
middle-income countries: A mini-review in the Africa region
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  Authors: Daniel Mmereki, Victor Emery David, Alfred H Wreh Brownell
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  This mini-review analyses food losses and waste (FLW) management in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and identifies potential strategies to improve FLW management efficiency on the African continent. To achieve this aim, a search of grey and published scientific literature-case studies, feasibility studies, theses, peer-reviewed journals, governments and technical reports was performed. Food waste (FW) per capita in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) was determined to be between 6 and 11 kg capita−1 year−1. Factors militating against FLW management include a lack of infrastructure, waste reduction and mandatory waste management plans, financial support for food redistribution programmes, awareness and a lack of knowledge of FW management and effective approaches. Poor recovery systems, a lack of incentives in FW recycling programmes, a lack of a regulatory and policy framework and institutional weaknesses as well as a lack of sufficient and appropriate education programmes to improve FW source separation and collection rates are all significant challenges in the African region, with negative consequences for the environment and public health. Except for fuel conversion and food scraps for digestion to recover energy, there is a huge potential for composting and using FW as a digestate, which could eventually lead to a reduction in the amount of FW being landfilled or incinerated. The study explores potential interventions to reduce amount of FLW and form a basis for future research in this field and improving FW management efficiency in LMCs, especially on the continent of Africa. It also provides information that could assist researchers, policymakers and decision-makers reduce amount of FLW, aid in the utilization of FW for energy production, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the continent, as well as support the achievement of other sustainable development goals, such as 12.3, which is particularly important in the context of the African continent, which is dependent on food imports.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-08-03T06:09:48Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231184444
Facile synthesis of double-cross-linked alginate-based hydrogel:
Characterization and use in a context of circular economy for cationic dye
removal
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  Authors: Amine Ahmed Bendaoudi, Nacer Boudouaia, Salah Jellali, Fouad Mekhalef Benhafsa, Zohra Bengharez, Iliana Papamichael, Mejdi Jeguirim
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  Hydrogels based on natural polysaccharides have received special attention in the last decade due to their interesting features, such as availability, biocompatibility, biodegradability and safety. Such characteristics may make them sustainable and eco-friendly materials for water and wastewater treatment, meeting the concept of circular economy. In this study, a novel double-cross-linked alginate-based hydrogel has been successfully synthesized using epichlorhydrin and sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) as cross-linker agents and then used for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye under different operating conditions. The obtained hydrogel was deeply characterized by using various analytical techniques, namely Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Experimental results showed that the synthesized double cross-linked hydrogel with relatively high STMP concentration (0.26 M) has promising structural and textural properties. This material exhibited excellent removal ability towards MB with a maximum adsorption capacity of about 992 mg/g for an initial pH of 10. The kinetic and isotherm modeling study revealed that the pseudo-second-order and Freundlich models fitted well the measured adsorption experimental data. The MB adsorption process onto the synthesized hydrogel is exothermic, feasible and spontaneous. It mainly includes electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonds. These findings suggest that double-cross-linked alginate-based hydrogel can be considered as an attractive and potential adsorbent for an effective cationic dye removal from aqueous environments. The use of such a green adsorbent for the treatment of organic-pollutants-rich industrial wastewaters promotes sustainability and circular economy concepts.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-07-31T08:32:02Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231188667
A review of plastic waste circular actions in seven developing countries
to achieve sustainable development goals
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  Authors: Navarro Ferronato, Amani Maalouf, Adeline Mertenat, Ankur Saini, Ashish Khanal, Benedetta Copertaro, Dotanhan Yeo, Haniyeh Jalalipour, Julio Raldúa Veuthey, Leidy Marcela Ulloa-Murillo, Milan Sebastian Thottathil, Norshah Aizat bin Shuaib, Ryan Caplin, Vivek Jaisree Mohandas
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  Plastic waste circularity is a priority at a global level. Sustainable development goals (SDGs) set the ways to go, and the circular economy principles underlined the ‘green’ strategies to be employed. However, in practice, there is still much to do, especially in developing countries, where open burning and open dumping still represent the common way of plastic waste disposal. This review aims to analyse current plastic waste circular approaches in low-middle income settings. Seven countries were selected based on the economic level and data availability from the authors, and analysed to collect and critically discuss the actions implemented at a city level. Examples of waste minimization and recycling strategies, selective collection systems and public campaigns are reported from Africa, Asia and Latin America. First, a background analysis related to physical and governance aspects of municipal solid waste management systems of the chosen settings was conducted. The assessment was focused on the treatment processes or minimization actions. Then, the applicability of the projects to achieve the SDGs was commented on. The outcomes of the research underline the need to: (1) scale up small-scale and pilot projects, (2) disseminate good practices in more low- to middle-income settings, (3) create synergies among international partners for further replications in cities. Urgent solutions to plastic waste pollution are needed. The review presented practical actions to be implemented now to boost plastic waste circularity in developing cities.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-07-31T08:27:41Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231188664
Business models for the reuse of construction and demolition waste
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  Authors: Martin Visby Buchard, Thomas Budde Christensen
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  The construction sector is the largest contributor to waste in Europe. Approximately one-third of all waste originates from construction and demolition. In Europe, most construction and demolition waste (CDW) is recycled as backfilling and only limited amounts of construction materials are reused for their original purpose. There is a current policy push by the European Commission (EC), as well as several EU member states, focused on lifting waste up the European waste hierarchy from recycling to reuse to help preserve resources and reduce the environmental impacts of CDW, which is considered a priority waste stream. This article explores the potential and the barriers to the increased reuse of CDW and describes several business models for reuse based around the intersection between public authorities, waste companies and private companies involved in the construction and demolition sector. The article is empirically based on a study of various reuse schemes operated by waste companies, municipalities and private waste operators in Denmark. Using a mixed-methods approach, in which survey methods are combined with company visits and qualitative interviews, the article analyzes the potential and the barriers to the creation of direct reuse schemes for CDW. Based on the findings from these, four generic business models for the direct reuse and recycling of CDW are synthesized specifically targeting the CDW fractions that are waste managed at public recycling stations. Finally, the article discusses how market conditions, environmental issues and quality can influence emerging reuse schemes.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-07-31T08:22:32Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231188023
Comparative study of different sewage sludge incineration treatments based
on environmental and economic life cycle assessment
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  Authors: Xiaoyong Zhang, Xiaoping Chen, Jun Xiao, Xiaowei Peng, Jianguo Wang, Jiliang Ma, Daoyin Liu, Cai Liang
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  Incineration is one of the most widely used treatments in the field of sewage sludge disposal. However, the choice of sewage sludge incineration process is still controversial. In this study, the comparative life cycle assessment of sewage sludge incineration processes, including the mono-incineration, co-incineration in coal-fired power plants and co-incineration in municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration plants, was carried out from the perspective of environment, carbon footprint and economy. The environmental assessment results show that terrestrial ecotoxicity, freshwater ecotoxicity, marine ecotoxicity, human carcinogenic toxicity and human non-carcinogenic toxicity are the most significant environmental impacts. And the environmental performance of co-incineration in coal-fired power plants is the best. Moreover, the environmental impact is most sensitive to the dehydrant, electricity and fly ash chelating agent. Co-incineration in MSW incineration plants has the lowest carbon emissions, with only 70.50% and 82% of the carbon emissions from mono-incineration and co-incineration in coal-fired power plants, respectively. Furthermore, sewage sludge mono-incineration has the highest disposal costs because of the higher depreciation and solid waste disposal costs. The comprehensive evaluation results reveal that the optimization should focus on the selection of dehydrant and fly ash chelating agent, as well as the improvement of the equipment efficiency.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-07-31T08:18:02Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231187560
Review of the global evolution of regulations on single-use plastics and
lessons drawn for Canada
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  Authors: Leila Ahmadi, Jalil Shadbahr, Gene Woojin Shim, Michael Hawco
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  Plastic pollution is a global problem and many countries are strengthening their regulations to mitigate the related environmental degradation and health risks and to support the development and deployment of circular economy for various types of plastics. As Canada also develops its strategy for regulating single-use plastic as one element of the plastic pollution, aligned federal and provincial policies are essential. This study presents an analysis of existing and emerging policies to provide guidance on Canada’s future regulations. Qualitative and quantitative data regarding plastic regulations were gathered from similar countries including Australia, the United Kingdom, the European Union, the United States and relevant scientific articles. Analysis was also conducted of current Canadian regulations that both impact and guide the path for plastic regulation, international examples provided guidance for future Canadian regulations. The analysis found that there is a need for public education on the gravity of plastic pollution to gain their support; for establishing pioneering provinces or cities in plastic regulations to learn from and provide other cities with support; and to start with banning items with available alternatives, to be followed by phasing out other items that are more difficult to replace. The study also showed potential areas of improvement in impact data. The need for reliable regulatory performance data against a baseline scenario; consistency in methodology; and proper scoping to reduce the risk of displacement or exclusivity in policy were identified.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-07-26T06:08:17Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231184451
Partial wet oxidation of dairy manure as a pretreatment process to produce
acetic acid ‘a Source Growth of Methanogens’
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  Authors: Kalidas Mainali, Sohrab Haghighi Mood, Shulin Chen, Manuel Garcia-Perez
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  Wet oxidation can be an effective process for the pretreatment of complex biomass such as lignocellulose. However, studies on the use of wet oxidation for treating solid waste such as dairy manure are limited. The use of partial wet oxidation to convert dairy manure into low molecular weight carboxylic acids as final products were investigated. This work focuses on the performance of the sub-critical wet oxidation treatment of dairy cattle manure as a conversion/pretreatment process to release matter from the lignocellulosic fraction rather than a destructive process. The operating conditions were controlled at the short residence time and optimal temperature in the presence of oxygen under a pressure of 120 psi. The thermal hydrolysis under wet oxidation significantly affected conversion manure slurry into organic acids. The concentration of acetic acid reached 1778 mg L−1, achieved at 190°C (60 minutes reaction time) as the reaction temperature increased within the range of 150°C–200°C, total organic carbon was reduced and monomers in the process liquids decreased. On the other hand, soluble COD in process liquids increased with an increment in reaction temperature. The results provide insights into technical options to pretreat dairy manure to improve biochemical conversion yield.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-07-24T12:58:24Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231180652
Can we ‘Nudge’ people to better waste separation behaviours' Policy
interventions mediated by habit, sense of separation efficiency and
external environmental perceptions
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  Authors: Yuchao Liang, Zixiao Li, Shiyu Feng, Yue Zhang
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  This article studies the impact of intervention measures with nudge characteristics on residents’ waste separation behaviours under the background of new ‘Beijing Municipal Regulation on Domestic Waste Management’. We analyse whether and how nudge interventions affect residents’ waste separation behaviours through the Ordered Logit model and mediation analysis. Our research results show that three nudge tools, namely, the timing and fixed-point separation system, the cleaning staff guidance system and the uniform clothing and styling, can effectively promote residents from low classification levels to high classification levels. In the process of nudging interventions, factors such as residents’ waste separation habit, external environmental perception and the sense of separation efficiency play a mediating role. Our study’s findings suggest that effective nudge tools are helpful in cultivating residents’ separation habits and hence we recommend that policy makers promote and popularise them in their attempt to improve domestic waste management behaviours.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-07-24T11:49:43Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231187579
Healthcare waste management practice and associated factors among
healthcare workers in public healthcare facilities of Southwest Shewa
Zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia
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  Authors: Takele Achalu Dengela, Mende Mensa Sorato
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  Poor management of waste can cause serious disease to healthcare personnel, cleaners, waste handlers, patients and the public. An observation-supported cross-sectional study was conducted to assess healthcare waste (HCW) management practice and professional, management and resource availability-associated factors among healthcare workers of 23 public health facilities in Southwest Shewa Zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia, 2021. A total of 424 health workers participated in this study. The level of proper healthcare waste management (HCWM) practice was 38.4%. Lack of knowledge on different methods of healthcare waste treatment (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 0.101, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.042, 0.242, p
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-07-24T11:45:46Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231187522
Current status of biomedical waste management practices and barriers among
private Jordanian dental clinics: A cross-sectional investigation of the
capital Amman
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  Authors: Huda Jawad Mamoori, Joud Al-Majali, Dana Rida Shibli, Abdallah Al-Ani, Dayana Jibrin, Rand Al-Jarrah, Omar Khader, Amal Jaber, Yazan Al-Huneidy, Leen Al-Huneidy, Mazen Basem Al-Nabelsi, Raeda AlQutob
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  Biomedical waste management (BMWM) is vital in facilitating safe providing of healthcare. Developing countries suffer from the impact of mishandled biomedical waste (BMW) on the general public in addition to healthcare practitioners. Thus, this study aims to investigate the awareness and compliance of dental facilities to BMW regulations. Through a questionnaire designed as per the WHO guidelines on BMWM, we randomly recruited a total of 421 dental facilities representative of Jordan’s capital. Mean BMWM practice scores were relatively high for the studied sample (0.748 ± 0.12). Nonetheless, while collection, transportation and storage standards were acceptable, those pertaining to segregation and disposal demonstrated lack of compliance to BMWM safety measures. An alarming number of participants dispose of infectious waste (40%), extracted teeth (48.5%), expired pharmaceuticals (44.4%), liquid chemicals (53.2%), X-ray films (35.0%) and solutions (48.7%) in the general trash or draining system. Such is attributed to either lack of resources, lack of proper equipment or poor awareness with BMWM guidelines. Moreover, it appears that location of the clinic (p
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-07-20T11:55:51Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231184442
Practice and performance of domestic waste source segregation in Chinese
universities: A case study in Shanghai
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  Authors: Guangyu Cui, Weiping Ren, Fan Lü, Hua Zhang, Hui Xue, Pinjing He
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  The importance and urgency of domestic solid waste (DSW) source segregation in universities is self-evident. Although many universities have carried out waste management, however, a comprehensive summary for successful implementation work of DSW segregation is lacking. This study summarizes the mechanism of DSW segregation in Chinese university based on questionnaire survey, on-site inquiry and sampling analysis in a comprehensive university in Shanghai. Questionnaire survey show that it is critical for encouraging students to participate in waste segregation to build convenient segregation facilities and humanized segregation reward and punishment method. The strengthened publicity and education due to the advantages in environmental discipline, easy-operating waste dumping site/facility as well as personalized solutions for different functional areas (teaching building) were considerably important strategies for implementing efficient waste segregation. The recyclables that were collected by intelligent recycling device and mobile recycling enterprise were dominated by paper, and the amounts increased dramatically during the graduation season. Therefore, the university correspondingly increased the collection frequencies of waste and the number of segregation guiders in the period to decrease the potential risk of fire safety. The study could provide a valuable reference for efficient implementation of waste segregation on university/college in China.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-07-17T05:44:54Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231187578
Management insights for reuse of materials in a circular built environment
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  Authors: Purva Mhatre, Vidyadhar V Gedam, Seema Unnikrishnan
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  India, being a developing economy, has ensured a significant contribution of the gross domestic product for the development of the infrastructure. This growth in infrastructural development has fostered social and economic development across the nation. However, the increasing number of construction projects lay a huge stress on the availability of raw materials. Also, the wastes generated during construction, as well as at the end-of-life of infrastructural projects and buildings, are usually disposed of in landfills or on open earth without treatment, thereby causing pollution. The idea of circular economy (CE) is known as a sustainable approach for the efficient use of resources across different sectors. CE encompasses the facets of the repair, maintenance, refurbishment, reuse and recycle. This research article, using exploratory survey research, is to analyse the factors which act as determinants for the reuse of construction materials in the Indian subcontinent. The respondents for the survey include academia, practitioners, industry experts and policymakers. The research categorizes the identified factors into eight dimensions: economic, environmental, social, technical, infrastructural, legal, behavioural and temporal factors. The research further gives a framework for determinants of reuse of construction materials based on the different life cycle stages of construction. Finally, based on this research, the article develops policy suggestions for promoting the reuse of construction materials.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-07-17T05:41:14Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231187570
Can tourism support resource circularity in small islands' On-field
analysis and intervention proposals in Madagascar
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  Authors: Navarro Ferronato, Adeline Mertenat, Christian Zurbrügg, Vincenzo Torretta
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  Open dumping and burning of solid waste are common practices in low-income countries. On small and touristic islands, the problem is exacerbated due to the additional volume of waste amount generated by tourists. This article presents how, using Nosy Be island in Madagascar as a case study, waste recovery and recycling can be fostered by tourism to tackle the waste challenge. About 95% of the waste of Nosy Be is openly dumped, discarded to sea or openly burned. Field analysis, interviews with local stakeholders and waste flow analysis served as methodological tools to assess the current solid waste management (SWM) system of Nosy Be. Stakeholder mapping and involvement as well as first exchange among local and international actors provided the basis to identify key practice and opportunities. Research findings highlight the importance of active participation and involvement of local partners supported by international experts, to suggest how touristic centres can serve as core of circular approaches. The article presents potential circular models to be implemented in Nosy Be, taking tourism as the entry point including the aspects of financial support, separated waste flows and the interest in ‘green tourism marketing’. This case study underlines how international cooperation, touristic activities and common efforts can potentially help low-income communities improve their SWM practices.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-07-17T05:38:50Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231187561
Knowns and unknowns of plastic waste flows in the Netherlands
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  Authors: Delphine Lobelle, Li Shen, Bas van Huet, Tim van Emmerik, Mikael Kaandorp, Giulia Iattoni, Cornelius Peter Baldé, Kara Lavender Law, Erik van Sebille
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  Plastic entering the environment is a growing threat for ecosystems. We estimate the annual mass of known Dutch plastic waste generated and littered and where it ends up. We use two methods: (1) a material flow analysis of plastic waste separately collected from 13 economic sectors (including households, industry and imports) and estimate the amount sent to processing plants or exported and (2) a mismanagement model from observations of litter (on Dutch beaches and riverbanks) plus estimates of inadequately managed exported plastic scraps entering the environment abroad. In 2017 (the most recent complete data set available), an estimate of 1990 (±111) kilotonnes [kt] of plastic waste was separately collected. The top three plastic waste generating sectors (74% of the total) were households, clothing and textiles, and importation. Our mismanagement model estimates that 4.3–21.2 kt enters the environment annually; almost all of which occurs in foreign countries after inadequate management of imported Dutch waste. We highlight unknowns, including the source and/or destination of imported (623 kt) and exported (514 kt) plastics, plastics in non-household mixed waste streams and the plastic fraction of some separately collected waste, for example, e-waste. Our results stress the need for improved monitoring and reporting of plastic waste. Beyond the Netherlands, our recommendations could also help other high-income countries’ decision-makers reach their circular economy goals.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-07-17T05:33:54Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231180863
Get the win–win: Sustainable circular model of
‘generation-value-technology’ of industrial solid waste management
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  Authors: Ming Gao, Yufan Chen
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  The management of industrial solid waste (ISW) and promoting sustainable circular development of the industrial economy is an urgent priority today. Therefore, this article constructs a sustainable circular model of ‘generation-value-technology’ of ISW management through the lens of industrial added value (IAV) and technology level. Also, the importance of the role of government is considered in the model. Based on actual data of China, this article simulates the future trend of the model using a system dynamics approach. The chief findings of the study are as follows: (1) under the current policy, China’s future industrialization is increasing and the technological level of industrial enterprises is rising, but this is accompanied by a climb in ISW generation. (2) The win–win situation of ISW decrease and IAV increase can be achieved through enhanced information disclosure, technology innovation and government incentives. (3) Government subsidy should be oriented towards supporting technology innovation in industrial enterprises while reducing the proportion of incentives for ISW management results. Based on the results, this study proposes targeted policy implications for government and industrial enterprises.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-06-30T08:41:44Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231184446
Consideration of hotspots in the selection of supervision schemes to
reduce illegal dumping of construction and demolition waste
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  Authors: Boushra Barakat, Issam Srour
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  Illegal dumping of construction and demolition waste continues to be a problem hindering circular economy efforts. Controlling illegal dumping necessitates establishing an effective surveillance scheme and investigating the proper penalty value. This problem has previously been described as a game theory problem, with the government and construction contractors as the players. Taking into account illegal dumping hotspots, which can often be identified through topographical and geographical characteristics, is also important when establishing supervision strategies. This study develops an evolutionary game-theoretic model that can assist in devising effective supervision strategies to control the spread of illegal dumping, while taking into consideration hotspots. In specific, this study investigates the suitability of two alternative strategies: police patrols and hybrid monitoring through both patrols and the installation of closed-circuit television cameras in hotspots. The model was applied to two case studies, using parameters informed by real-world contexts, to demonstrate its potential for selecting suitable strategies according to local situations. The results suggest that nine possible scenarios govern the stable evolutionary strategies of game players, with five scenarios in which contractors converge to adopt legal dumping. Accordingly, based on the parameters of the region (hotspot areas, cost of supervision, efficiency of patrols, penalties, etc.), governments would be able to assess which of the strategies would lead to long-term compliance of contractors while also increasing their payoffs. Further analysis allowed to determine the minimum efficiency required, and simulations were performed to demonstrate the influence of different supervision efficiencies and penalties on the evolutionary strategies.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-06-30T07:29:51Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231178216
Plastic Venture Builder (PVB): An empirically derived assessment tool to
support plastic waste management ventures in low- and middle-income
countries
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  Authors: J.B. Grassin, H. Dijkstra
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  Plastic waste management is a complicated challenge that in recent years has gained attention as a global policy priority. In low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), waste management is heterogeneous and context-specific and many organizations provide needed waste management services, including entrepreneurs. Sustainable entrepreneurs are uniquely positioned to provide these services; however, they face challenges such as limited support system and lack of capacity. The goal of this paper is to understand critical characteristics of successful plastic waste management ventures in LMIC and operationalize those insights into a strategic tool. A wide variety of successful ventures from diverse LMIC contexts are systematically analyzed to identify which factors contribute to their business viability and ability to deliver services. The identified success factors were built into a tool, the Plastic Venture Builder (PVB), based on the multi-criteria analysis methodology. This is validated using empirical cases, tested on projects currently in development and discussed with experts in the field. The results show that political, economic, financial, technological, operational, social, team and legal factors contribute to success; however pathways to success are diverse. We identify a strong team as the most critical factor, whereas financial, political and social factors have the least impact. The PVB can be used by entrepreneurs who want to set up or improve plastic waste management ventures by identifying weak spots or avenues for improvement. The assessment framework can also be used by policy makers, development agencies and financing organizations who want to support or assess waste management initiatives by prioritizing their resources to match the identified critical factors.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-06-30T07:20:31Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231180648
Co-processing of solid recovered fuels from mixed municipal and commercial
waste in the cement industry – A pathway to a circular economy
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  Authors: Renato Sarc, Sandra A Viczek
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  With global municipal solid waste generation increasing steadily, the importance of high-quality, environmentally friendly waste valorization methods is rising, too. Most countries have set themselves ambitious recycling goals and follow a waste hierarchy in which recycling is more preferable than energy recovery. This article focuses on a waste treatment option that already is an integral part of waste management in some countries and enables the simultaneous recovery of energy and mineral constituents: the production of solid recovered fuels (SRFs) from mixed municipal and commercial waste and their use in the cement industry is often referred to as co-processing. The state of the art of SRF production is described and the first comprehensive dataset for SRF samples including major constituents, heavy metal and metalloid contents, energy- and CO2-emission-relevant parameters, ash constituents and the material-recyclable share of SRF is presented. Additionally, a comparison with fossil fuels is given. It is concluded that SRF from state-of-the-art production plants complies with strict limit values for heavy metals, has an average biogenic carbon content of 60%, and its application in the cement industry can be considered as partial recycling (14.5%) and partial energy recovery (85.5%). Leaving no residues to be dealt with, co-processing of waste in the cement industry therefore offers many benefits and can support the shift from a linear to a circular economy.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-06-29T12:35:17Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231178217
Effective method for upcycling construction and demolition waste into
concrete: A life cycle approach
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  Authors: Abhijit Mistri, Venkata Ravi Sankar Cheela, Brajesh Kumar Dubey, Navdeep Dhami, Sriman Kumar Bhattacharyya, Abhijit Mukherjee, Sudhirkumar V Barai
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  Different property enhancement techniques have already been established to support upcycling of construction and demolition waste as aggregate in concrete. However, the most suitable and sustainable method is still unknown. Quality improvement of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) after any treatment method and its environmental impact is estimated using life cycle analysis (LCA). This article compares the environmental impacts of such treatment methods on RCA and aims to find out the most suitable method with minimum impacts. The functional unit of this study is considered the preparation of 1 tonne of treated aggregate (recycled), considering reduction in water absorption after the treatment. An LCA is carried out using the SimaPro software (https://simapro.com/) followed by ISO 14040/44 guidelines. Based on the LCA environmental profiles, thermal treatment is the highest emission contributing removal method followed by mechanical grinding. In strengthening of attached mortar methods, accelerated carbonation process is the major emission contributing method followed by a specific microbial treatment. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis was performed by varying the energy mix with a focus on renewable-based energy mix. The sensitivity analysis shows a shift on selection for the suitable treatment method and other possibilities considering renewable-based energy mix. A preliminary assessment and probable impact prediction could be conceptualized before the adoption of any treatment method on RCA for a particular location.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-06-24T11:21:16Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231180651
A comprehensive model for quantifying construction waste in high-rise
buildings in India
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  Authors: BR Viswalekshmi, Deepthi Bendi
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  The construction industry plays a vital role in the economic development of any country. Concurrently, the sector also generates enormous quantities of construction and demolition waste (CDW) that damages the ecology causing environmental pollution and deteriorating human health. Recently, various governments and other organizations realized the importance of implementing construction waste management (CWM) practices to attain sustainability in construction. The current decade can be called a pathway for achieving the 2030 agenda for sustainable development goals in which CWM plays an inevitable role. However, accurately quantifying construction waste is necessary to successfully implement any CDW management plan. A detailed literature review for the current research revealed that limited information on the magnitude of construction waste is available in India. Therefore, the current paper proposes a practically viable model to estimate the waste generation index (construction waste generated per total floor area) of high-rise residential buildings in India. The waste quantification is being done based on the project documents and expert interviews. The methodology is later validated through a high-rise building with G + 18 stories located in Kerala, India. The study indicated that a high-rise concrete framed structure generates 122.3 kg m−2 of waste during construction. It was also noted that, concrete, aggregates and blocks constitute 92% of the total waste generated in the project. The developed model can also be used as a cornerstone for establishing a construction waste database at the regional level.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-06-23T08:25:52Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231178227
Does medical waste research during COVID-19 meet the challenge induced by
the pandemic to waste management'
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  Authors: Qiang Wang, Min Zhang, Rongrong Li
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an unprecedented amount of medical waste, presenting significant challenges for the safe disposal of hazardous waste. A systematic review of existing research on COVID-19 and medical waste can help address these challenges by providing insights and recommendations for effective management of the massive medical waste generated during the pandemic. This study utilized bibliometric and text mining methods to survey the scientific outcomes related to COVID-19 and medical waste, drawing on data from the Scopus database. The results show that the spatial distribution of medical waste research is unbalanced. Surprisingly, developing countries rather than developed countries lead research in this area. Especially, China, a major contributor to the field, has the highest number of publications and citations, and is also a centre of international cooperation. The main study authors and research institutions are also mainly from China. And the research on medical waste is a multidisciplinary field. Text mining analysis shows that COVID-19 and medical waste research is mainly organized around four themes: (i) medical waste from personal protective equipment; (ii) research on medical waste in Wuhan, China; (iii) threats of medical waste to the environment and (iv) disposal and management of medical waste. This would serve to better understand the current state of medical waste research and to provide some implications for future research.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-06-19T06:59:15Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231178226
Biomedical waste generation at Ayurveda hospitals in South Asia: A mini
review of the composition, quantities and characteristics
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  Authors: Ranil Kavindra Asela Kularatne
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  Ayurveda hospitals generate biomedical wastes (BMW). However, details on composition, quantities and characteristics are very scarce, details which are important to formulate a proper waste management plan for subsequent implementation and continual improvement. Therefore, this article presents a mini review of the composition, quantities and characteristics of BMW generated from Ayurveda hospitals. Additionally, this article presents some best possible treatment and disposal procedures. Most of the information was gleaned from peer-reviewed journals, although some information was collected by the author and from grey literature available to the author; 70–99% (by wet weight) of the solid waste is non-hazardous; biodegradables contributing to 44–60% by wet weight due to more used Kizhi (medicinal bags for fomentation) and other medicinal/pharmaceutical wastes (excluding waste medicated oils, which is 12–15% of the liquid medicinal waste stream and are not readily biodegradable) largely derived from plants. The hazardous waste component includes infectious wastes, sharps, blood as pathological wastes (from Raktamoksha – bloodletting), heavy metal containing pharmaceutical wastes, chemical wastes and heavy metal rich wastes. Quantities of infectious wastes followed by sharps and blood form a major portion of hazardous wastes. Most of the infectious waste material contaminated with blood or other body fluids and sharps from Raktamoksha are very similar (appearance, moisture content and bulk density) to what is generated from hospitals practicing Western medicine. However, hospital-specific waste studies are required in future to better understand the sources, areas of generation, types, quantities and characteristics of BMW, and hence to formulate more accurate waste management plans.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-06-14T10:21:02Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231178225
Characterization of different solid fuels from waste for an advanced
online fuel control system designed for large-scale incineration plants
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  Authors: Jürgen Oischinger, Markus Kohl, Martin Meiller, Julian Walberer, Robert Daschner, Andreas Hornung, Florian Grafmans, Ragnar Warnecke, Robert Breitenberger, Franz Dannerbeck, Martin Zwiellehner
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  Despite many years of experience in the incineration of solid fuels from waste, the heterogeneity of solid fuels and their varying properties still pose a challenge for a stable and clean combustion in large-scale incineration plants. In modern facilities such as municipal waste incineration plants there still exists a lack of knowledge on the exact amount and calorific value of waste entering onto the grate. Based on the works of Warnecke et al. and Zwiellehner et al., in our project ‘AdOnFuelControl’, we determined the initial bulk density at the feed hopper by measuring the weight of the waste via the crane weigher and the volume via a high-performance 3D laser scanner. With the help of the determined bulk density, the lower heating value (LHV) and the compression in the feed hopper were calculated. All this information was integrated into the combustion control system, which provided a high potential for an optimized operation of the plant. In this article, six different fuels (fresh and aged municipal solid waste, refuse-derived fuel (fluff), refuse-derived fuel (fine grain), waste wood and dried, grained sewage sludge) were examined for the elemental composition, the LHV, fuel-specific parameters and the compression behaviour. In addition, initial tests with the 3D laser scanner as well as formulas for the calculation of the density in the feed hopper were presented. Based on the results of the experiments, the chosen approach seems very promising for optimized combustion control in large-scale incineration plants. As a next step, the gained knowledge and technology should be integrated in the municipal waste incineration plant.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-06-14T10:15:05Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231178224
Market assessment to improve fibre recycling within the EU textile sector
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  Authors: Emanuel Boschmeier, Wolfgang Ipsmiller, Andreas Bartl
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  Clothing is one of the primary human needs, but today’s business models turned most apparel into a disposable product. As a matter of fact, the rising demand results in the production of Millions of tons of textile waste every year which is either landfilled, incinerated or exported, with only small amounts being recycled. One promising recycling attempt towards a circular economy in the apparel sector is fibre-to-fibre recycling, where end-of-use clothes serve as input material for the production of new fibres and, eventually, new apparel. In this work, together with fashion brands and a textile research organisation, a mapping of the market situation and the economic boundary conditions regarding textile fibre recycling are presented. Generally, fibre-to-fibre recycling technologies need more public attention and intensive research, and development is necessary as well as legislative instruments that encourage interest in textile recycling. The market situation for recycled fibres is promising and will tend to an increased demand in recycled fibres in the future. Mandatory certification ensures a sustainable product and fast fashion should be held back. Textile waste landfilling, export regulations as well as sustainable lifestyle education shall be considered by EU legislature to ensure that recycling materials are actually used and create a market pull for textile waste back into the industry.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-06-14T10:11:05Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231178222
Thermodynamic model of MSWI flue gas cooling path: Effect of flue gas
composition on heavy metal binding forms
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  Authors: Mirjam Wolffers, Dmitrii A Kulik, George-Dan Miron, Urs Eggenberger, Sergey V Churakov
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  In the context of circular economy and heavy metal (HM) recovery from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash (FA), detailed knowledge of HM binding forms is required for achieving higher extraction rates. The FA mineralogy is still poorly understood due to its low grain size and low metal concentration. To investigate the HM binding forms, a sophisticated thermodynamic reactive transport model was developed to simulate ash-forming processes. The stability of different binding forms was investigated at different flue gas conditions (varying ratios of HCl, SO2, O2) by simulating the gas cooling path in closed system and dynamic open system, where the gas composition is changing upon cooling due to precipitation of solids. The simulations predict that at flue gas conditions of molar ratio S/Cl
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-06-14T10:07:45Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231178213
Economic incentive in enhancing community waste separation and collection:
A panel data analysis in China
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  Authors: Jie Sun, Misuzu Asari
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  While incentive mechanisms have been proven to motivate residents to separate their waste, empirical research is still needed to determine whether this separation behaviour could be maintained over time. The main objective of this paper is to investigate waste separation management activities in the city of Dongying, China, as a case study to clarify how local community citizens’ waste separation participation and recycling activities change over time cross-sectionally under the influence of an economic incentive mechanism – PS. This study used least square dummy variable analysis to investigate local waste separation behaviour in 98 communities over 22 months. Results showed that community resident waste participation and recycling behaviour tend to grow in the early stages and gradually show saturation without growth in the middle and late stages. This result implies limitations to the incentive mechanism, such that it could only motivate a part of residents to participate in waste separation; for those unaffected by financial incentives, it was suggested that educational or compulsory means be used to make them separate their waste.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-06-14T09:13:40Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231178215
c-Si PV module recycling: Analysis of the use of a mechanical
pre-treatment to reduce the environmental impact of thermal treatment and
enhance materials recovery
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  Authors: Priscila Silva Silveira Camargo, Andrey da Silva Domingues, João Pedro Guê Palomero, Marcelo Pilotto Cenci, Angela Cristina Kasper, Pablo Ribeiro Dias, Hugo Marcelo Veit
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  The current increase in the use of photovoltaic (PV) energy demands the search for solutions to recycle end-of-life modules. This study evaluated the use of a mechanical pre-treatment in the thermal recycling of c-Si crystalline PV modules, which were submitted to recycling routes to separate and concentrate the materials of interest. The first route was constituted by only thermal treatment, and the second route was constituted by a mechanical pre-treatment to remove the polymers from the backsheet, and subsequent thermal treatment. The exclusively thermal route was performed at 500°C, varying dwell times between 30 and 120 minutes in the furnace. In this route, the best results were obtained in 90 minutes, with a maximum degradation of 68% of the polymeric mass. In route 2, a micro-grinder rotary tool was used to remove the polymers from the backsheet and, subsequently, thermal treatment performed at 500°C, with dwell times in the furnace ranging between 5 and 30 minutes. The mechanical pre-treatment removed about 10.32 ± 0.92% of the mass of the laminate PV module. By this route, only 20 minutes of thermal treatment were needed for the total decomposition of the polymers, that is, a reduction of 78% in the oven time. With route 2, it was possible to obtain a concentrate with 30 times more silver than the PV laminate and 40 times more than a high-concentration ore. Furthermore, with route 2 it was possible to reduce the environmental impact of heat treatment and energy consumption.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-06-10T08:50:22Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231166308
An in-depth analysis of hospital food waste in terms of magnitude,
nutritional value, and environmental and financial perspectives: A
cross-sectional study
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  Authors: Razieh Anari, Bahareh Nikooyeh, Delaram Ghodsi, Maryam Amini, Tirang R Neyestani
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  Hospital food waste has nutritional, economic and environmental impacts, and halving food waste is a sustainable development goal. This study aimed to quantify hospital food waste and its nutritional, environmental and financial values in medical and surgical wards. In a cross-sectional study in three educational hospitals, nutritional and demographic data of adult inpatients were collected. The food waste was measured at breakfast, lunch and snack times, and a 24-hour food recall was fulfilled for each patient. Also, the nutritional, environmental and financial values of discarded food were calculated. Food waste contributors were determined using linear regression. Totally, 398 meals were evaluated. The average served food was about 1 kg patient−1 day−1, while 539.5 g patient−1 day−1(50.1% of the served food) was discarded. Mean food wastes were 148.9 g (standard deviation (SD): 130.1), 364.3 g (SD: 257.2) and 80.2 g (SD: 101.5) in breakfast, lunch and snacks, equal to 45.7% (SD: 36.9), 51.4% (SD: 36.1) and 62.4% (SD: 53.2) of the served food, respectively. Rice, soup, milk and fruits were mostly discarded. Severely malnourished patients had higher daily food waste. Food preparation and waste were estimated to cost on average US$1.8 and US$0.8 patient−1 day−1, respectively. Each kilogram of food waste resulted in 8.1 m2 of land use, 1.4 kg of CO2-equivalent gas emission, and about 1003 L of water wastage. Half of the hospital food was discarded which means waste of nutrients, environmental resources and money. Current data can help authorities to plan for reducing hospital food waste.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-06-10T08:18:22Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231176733
At-sea solid waste production by a small-scale fishery in Peru
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  Authors: Chiara Guidino, Amado Solano Sare, Clara Ortiz-Alvarez, Eliana Alfaro-Cordova, Alessandra Bielli, Ivonne Asencio Guzman, Joanna Alfaro-Shigueto, Jeffrey C Mangel
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  Marine litter is a growing environmental problem for which fisheries-sourced waste remains poorly understood. In Peru, there is an ongoing challenge of waste management from the small-scale fisheries fleet given the lack of facilities to receive the variety of debris produced by fishers, which includes hazardous wastes such as batteries. In this study, onboard solid waste production was monitored daily by land-based observers upon landing at the port of Salaverry, Peru, from March to September 2017. The analysed small-scale gillnet and longline fishing fleets produced annually an estimated 11,260 kg of solid waste. Of particular concern is the production of single use plastics (3427 kg) and batteries (861 kg) due to their potential long-lasting impacts on the environment and challenges related to their proper disposal. A management plan for solid waste has been developed for Salaverry; therefore, a subsequent assessment was conducted in 2021–2022 of the behaviours and perceptions of fishers regarding the implementation of this plan. Most fishers (96%) reported disposing of their waste on land, except organic waste which is disposed of at sea. While fishers in Salaverry have become more conscious of the issues surrounding at-sea waste disposal and have an interest in better segregating and managing their waste, there remains a need for improved waste management and recycling protocols and procedures at the port to make this possible.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-06-06T06:45:35Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231178221
Reflections on COVID-19 pandemic and waste management in developing
countries: A case study in São Paulo city, Brazil
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  Authors: Isabela Salgado Vargas, Fernanda Bento Rosa Gomes, Samuel Rodrigues Castro
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  COVID-19 pandemic has changed several aspects in human behaviour, whereas population mobility patterns have been strongly affected by social distancing. In parallel, changes in solid waste generation patterns have been reported worldwide. This work assessed the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on waste generation and collection in São Paulo city, Brazil, the largest city of Latin America. Data on nine types of wastes collected between 2013 and 2021 were obtained, and the quantities of wastes collected before and during the pandemic were compared. These data were also discussed in light of data on COVID-19 cases and rates of social distancing and mobility. An increase in the amount of recyclables collected during the first wave of COVID-19 (March to September 2020) was observed. Decreases in the quantities of construction, demolition and bulky wastes (first wave of COVID-19) and farmers market wastes (second wave – October 2020 to February 2021) were also evidenced. The quantities of medical wastes collected during the pandemic significantly increased. The amount of residential wastes was lower than the mean for the pre-pandemic period during the first months of COVID-19. Thus, changes in lifestyle and consumption patterns of the population of São Paulo city seem to have affected solid waste generation during the pandemic, which reinforces the need of implementing solid waste management policies based on a diagnostic that characterise and consider these changes.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-06-06T06:38:55Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231175817
Improving waste management by focussing on goals: A mini review of the
publication sector
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  Authors: Paul H Brunner, Astrid Unterberger, Johann Fellner
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  The rationale for this article is that often, decision-makers in waste management (wm) tend to neglect goals and confuse them with means like circular economy or waste hierarchy. Because clear goals are crucial for developing effective wm strategies, the objectives of this mini review are (1) to clarify wm goals in a historical context by a literature review, (2) to investigate how (a) these goals have been observed in general scientific publishing and (b) specifically in Waste Management and Research (WM&R) and (3) to recommend measures for better consideration of wm goals by the publication sector. Based on general as well as specific bibliographic analyses of databases in Scopus and Google Scholar, the study confirms that little attention was given to wm goals in scientific publishing. For instance, during the first 40 years of WM&R, 63 publications and eight editorials were found containing terms related to wm goals, but only 14 respectively and eight explicitly discuss wm goals. We recommend focussing more on wm goals. Editors, authors, reviewers and professional associations in the field of wm should become aware of this challenge and react. If WM&R decides to become a strong platform for the issue wm goals, it will be in a unique selling proposition and more authors, articles and readers are likely to result. This article aims at setting a starting signal for such an endeavour.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-06-06T06:32:16Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231172104
Proposal of a sustainability index for intermunicipal cooperation on waste
management
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  Authors: Luciana Alves Rodrigues Macedo, Liséte Celina Lange, Cynthia Fantoni Alves Ferreira, Ricardo Alberto Gutiérrez
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  The management of solid waste is one of the biggest challenges for sustainability. Aiming at gains of scale, guaranteeing universal access and the technical and economic viability of the services, intermunicipal cooperation has been implemented in several countries, and in Brazil, it presents itself as one of the main instruments of public policies in the sector of sanitation. The main objective of this article is to propose a set of indicators and the construction of an index to evaluate the performance of regionalized management of urban solid waste, applying them to intermunicipal public consortia operating in Brazil. Based on the Delphi methodology, a total of 15 indicators were defined, divided into 5 sustainability dimensions, used for the construction of the Regionalized Urban Solid Waste Management Performance Index (IDGRSU). In Brazil, the performance of regionalized management was classified as Regular for most of the operating consortia analysed. The adequacy of the final disposal in regional sanitary landfills is the common practice among the municipalities, and consequently, the reduction of the areas of dumps represents the main advance in the management. The index developed proved to be an important instrument to support municipalities and consortia for waste management, contributing to the implementation of sustainable strategies and to the development of policies, and its application in other countries is feasible, regardless of the size of the municipalities.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-06-02T11:35:38Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231166307
A multi-stakeholder digital platform for regional construction and
demolition waste management
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  Authors: Boushra Barakat, Issam Srour
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  Little attention has been paid to the interaction or synergy among construction and demolition (C&D) waste management stakeholders. A framework allowing for interaction among the various C&D waste players is especially important in regions with mature C&D waste infrastructure, where various recycling, reuse and disposal facilities are present. In such an expanded infrastructure, these facilities differ in terms of the C&D waste materials they accept, the nature of the waste accepted (sorted/unsorted), as well as the services they provide. This makes developing the optimal C&D waste management plan (WMP) more cumbersome for contractors. To address the challenges arising from the poor dynamics associated with the overarching waste management infrastructure, this paper proposes a novel digital platform, namely the ‘Construction and Demolition Waste Management Kernel’ (C&D WMK). The C&D WMK has three main objectives: it allows for data exchange between the different stakeholders, provides guidance to contractors when developing C&D WMPs and allows for governmental supervision and regulation. This paper introduces the concept behind the C&D WMK, presents the optimization model embedded in the system, and demonstrates its application in a case study leveraging real-world data. Finally, a scenario analysis is conducted to show how the C&D WMK can be used by governments to identify pitfalls in the state of practice at the regional scale, and to determine effective solutions to enhance the C&D waste management performance.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-05-29T09:40:40Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231175818
Smart technological options in collection and transportation of municipal
solid waste in urban areas: A mini review
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  Authors: Deval Singh, Anil Kumar Dikshit, Sunil Kumar
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  The rapid increase in quantities and the mismanagement of municipal solid waste (MSW) in developing countries are increasing the environmental impacts such as air, water and soil contamination. The present scenario of MSW management deals with numerous issues such as lack of technological resources, strategical management, social awareness, public participation, etc. Globally, numerous efforts in the form of new policies, schemes and regulatory acts have been made to develop a systematic collection and transportation (C&T) method using advanced, integrated technologies. However, very few studies have addressed this issue for low- and middle-income countries due to the lack of availability of reliable resources and data sets. This paper addresses the present challenges in C&T methods and highlights the application of information communication technology in monitoring, capturing, data management, planning, live tracking and communication. This systematic mini-review is based on the availability of technical resources, consumer acceptance and cost-effectiveness of different technologies in managing the processes. The study revealed that the C&T methods in most developed countries are designed based on their geographical stretch, climatic factors, waste characteristics and compatible technology, resulting in sustainable MSW management. However, developing countries have followed the same monotonous approach in managing their MSW, which fails in C&T process. The case study provides a valuable resource for researchers and policymakers to frame a better C&T process based on the recent technological interventions, infrastructure development, and social and economic status.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-05-29T09:20:20Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231175816
Thermal hydrolysis of sewage sludge: Improvement in biogas generation and
prediction of global warming potential
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  Authors: Diwakar Kumar Singh, Anurag Garg
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a prominent treatment method for the sludge produced from sewage treatment plants. Poor solid reduction and longer retention time are the main drawbacks of AD. Thermal hydrolysis (TH) is a potential pretreatment method for solubilization of sewage sludge (SS) solids thereby improving biogas production during AD post-treatment. In this study, the SS sample (total solids = 1.75 wt% and total chemical oxygen demand (COD) = 15,450 mg L−1) was subjected to TH pretreatment (temperature = 140–180°C and reaction time = 60 minutes) in a 0.7-L capacity stainless-steel high-pressure reactor. At a reaction temperature of 180°C, the maximum solid solubilization (total dissolved solids = 4652 mg L−1) and improved dewaterability (time to filter = 4.7 s.L g−1) were observed. The biochemical methane potential test results showed almost doubling of methane generation from 145 to 284 mL gCOD−1 after TH pretreatment at 180°C. The life cycle assessment approach was used to compare various SS treatment and disposal scenarios, two of which included hydrothermal pretreatment. The scenarios involving hydrothermal pretreatments showed the least global warming potential.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-05-22T06:24:14Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231171044
Prediction of oxygen distribution in the waste mass from an aeration well
in bioreactor landfills
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  Authors: Lei Zhu, Jiaxu Jin, Lei Liu, Tengfei Gao, Ruoxin Li, Yuelin Du
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  The key to upgrade the efficiency of aerobic remediation of landfills is to determine the distribution characteristics of oxygen concentration during aerobic ventilation. This study discusses the distribution law of oxygen concentration with time and radial distance based on a single-well aeration test at an old landfill site. The transient analytical solution of the radial oxygen concentration distribution was deduced using the gas continuity equation and approximation of calculus and logarithmic functions. Oxygen concentration data from the field monitoring were compared with the results predicted by the analytical solution. The results indicated that the oxygen concentration initially increased and then decreased with prolonged aeration time. With an increase in radial distance, the oxygen concentration rapidly declined, followed by a gradual decrease. The influence radius of the aeration well increased slightly when the aeration pressure increased from 2 to 20 kPa. The field test data agreed with the analytical solution prediction results, preliminarily verifying the reliability of the oxygen concentration prediction model. Results from this study provide a basis of guidelines for the design, operation and maintenance management of a landfill aerobic restoration project.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-05-19T12:35:40Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231171039
Detection and extinguishment approaches for municipal solid waste landfill
fires: A mini review
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  Authors: GS Manjunatha, P Lakshmikanthan, Digambar Chavan, Deepak Singh Baghel, Sunil Kumar, Rakesh Kumar
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  Municipal solid waste (MSW) management is getting more attention in the present scenario. Even though various technologies like incineration, gasification, pyrolysis and waste-to-energy plants have been developed, landfills are still the major disposal option for MSW management. MSW at landfill creates issues that are highlighted at a global level like the fire at Deonar dumping site in Mumbai, India was visible and captured by the space satellites, leading to environmental pollution. Detection and extinguishment of landfill fires at surface and sub-surface in their early stages are the major concern. Thermal imaging camera can be used to know solar radiation effect by identifying the hotspots during the day and the night time for understanding aerobic degradation effect on the surface fire. Sub-surface gas concentrations and its combinations affecting the temperature gradient can be studied for a better understanding of sub-surface fires in their early stages. The use of class ‘A’ foams with water, which reduces the surface tension of water, can be carried out for landfill fire extinguishment. The application of water in the form of water fog will extract a large amount of heat and block the availability of oxygen for the fire. This mini review presents the sources of fuel, heat, oxidant for landfill fire and its development process, associated pollution on air, water, land and human health due to landfill fire and methods for its extinguishment possibilities.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-05-06T11:20:31Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231168797
Greenhouse gas mitigation scenarios in the solid waste sector for
compliance with the Brazilian NDC: Case study of the Recife metropolitan
area, Brazil
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  Authors: Ana Maria Cardoso de Freitas Gama, José Fernando Thomé Jucá, Alessandra Barbosa Lee Firmo
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) indicates that the waste sector is a potential emitter of methane gas (CH4), which has a greenhouse effect up to 28 times greater than that of carbon dioxide (CO2). The management of municipal solid waste (MSW) generates greenhouse gases (GHG) directly through emissions from the process itself as well as indirectly through transportation and energy consumption. The objective of this study was to evaluate the GHG emissions contributed by the waste sector in the Recife metropolitan region (RMR) and to define mitigation scenarios to comply with the Brazilian Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), a result of the Paris Agreement. To achieve this, an exploratory study was carried out, including a literature review, collection of data, estimation of emissions using the IPCC model (2006), and comparison between the values assumed by the country in 2015 and those estimated in the adopted mitigation scenarios. The RMR is composed of 15 municipalities, has an area of 3,216,262 km2 and a population of 4,054,866 inhabitants (2018), generating approximality 1.4 million t-year of MSW. It was estimated that, in the period from 2006 to 2018, 25.4 million tCO2e were emitted. The comparative analysis between the absolute values defined in the Brazilian NDC and the results from the mitigation scenarios showed that approximately 36 million tCO2e could be avoided through the disposal of MSW in the RMR, equivalent to a 52% reduction in emissions estimated for 2030, a percentage greater than the 47% reduction assumed in the Paris Agreement.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-05-04T05:12:01Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231168053
Circular economy through waste reverse logistics under extended producer
responsibility in Finland
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  Authors: Bening Mayanti, Petri Helo
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  Extended producer responsibility (EPR) is commonly implemented as a strategy in waste management. The core of the concept itself is a waste reverse logistics (WRL), which dictates how the collection, inspection and processing of end-of-life products are performed. Existing studies of EPR mainly focused on single products instead of using broader perspective on national level. Its contribution towards circular economy through slowing and closing the loops also has not been widely discussed. This study examined the system architecture of the policy instruments used in the EPR and the similarities of the WRL networks across different products. A case study was used to investigate six products: portable batteries and accumulators, paper, packaging, vehicles, electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) and tyres. The study generated a WRL framework. It is also observed that closing the loop through recycling is the primary circular strategy and is found in all products, whereas closing and slowing the loop strategy through reuse/repair, remanufacture and repurposing is found in packaging, tyres, vehicles and EEE. This study shows that EPR can close the material loop, although improvement in design for the environment is necessary. It creates challenges and opportunities for the government, producer responsibility organization and producers to improve existing conditions by implementing new initiatives such as design for the environment indicators, standardization, tax and subsidy systems and tariffs for disposal fees.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-04-29T01:00:07Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231168801
Degradation of organic pollutants accompanied by the ultrasonic separation
of the spent lithium-ion battery cathode materials
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  Authors: Youbao Huang, Mingze Sun, Chengjian Xu, Hao Hu, Shuguang Zhu, Wenzhi He
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  Since the majority of valuable components in spent lithium-ion batteries, such as lithium, exists in the electrode materials, common studies focused on the treatment of the cathode materials, which ignored the harm of residual electrolyte. The cavitation and thermal effects produced by ultrasonic can not only be used for the separation of electrode materials, but also have a wide range of applications in the field of sewage pollutant degradation. This work used ultrasonic to treat simulated electrolyte (propylene carbonate (PC)) solution of spent lithium-ion batteries, explored the effect of ultrasonic power, the addition amount of H2O2 solution (30 wt%) and reaction temperature on the degradation of electrolyte, and analysed the ultrasonic degradation reaction from the perspective of reaction kinetics. And the synchronous experiment of cathode material separation and electrolyte degradation was conducted under the optimal conditions. The results showed that the highest degradation efficiency of PC in the electrolyte was 83.08% under the condition of ultrasonic power of 900 W, the addition of H2O2 solution (30 wt%) of 10.2 mL, reaction temperature of 120°C and reaction time of 120 minutes, and the separation efficiency was 100%. This work reduced the environmental and health risks in the cathode material separation process and was conducive to the green development of spent lithium-ion battery recycling technology.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-04-27T09:32:31Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231168055
Selective leaching process for efficient and rapid recycling of spent
lithium iron phosphate batteries
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  Authors: Yuchuan Xiong, Zhenzhen Guo, Tao Mei, Yurong Han, Yueyue Wang, Xin Xiong, Yifan Tang, Xianbao Wang
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  With the continuous development of new energy vehicles, the number of decommissioned lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries has been constantly increasing. Therefore, it is necessary to recover metal from spent LiFePO4 batteries due to the high potential for environmental protection and high resource value. In this study, sodium persulfate (Na2S2O8) was selected as the oxidant to regulate and control the oxidation state and proton activity of the leaching solution through its high oxidizing ability. Selective recovery of lithium from LiFePO4 batteries was achieved by oxidizing LiFePO4 to iron phosphate (FePO4) during the leaching process. This paper reports an extensive investigation of the effects of various factors, including the acid concentration, initial volume fraction of the oxidant, reaction temperature, solid–liquid ratio, and reaction time, on lithium leaching. Li+ reached a high leaching rate of 93.3% within 5 minutes even at a low concentration of sulphuric acid (H2SO4), and high-purity lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) was obtained through impurity removal and precipitation reactions. In addition, the leaching mechanism was analysed by both X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization. The results show that the obtained high lithium-ion (Li+) leaching efficiency and fast Li+ leaching time can be ascribed to the superior oxidizing properties of Na2S2O8 and the stability of the crystal structure of LiFePO4 during the oxidative leaching process. The adopted method has significant advantages in terms of safety, efficiency and environmental protection, which are conducive to the sustainable development of lithium batteries.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-04-27T09:26:13Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231168051
Identifying and prioritizing sustainability indicators for China’s
assessing demolition waste management using modified Delphi–analytic
hierarchy process method
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  Authors: Dongchen Han, Mohsen Kalantari, Abbas Rajabifard
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  Addressing the sustainability issues arising from construction and demolition waste management (DWM) has gained little traction due to the lack of incentives, stringent regulations, and systematic guidance. This study aims to empower systematic decision-making concerning DWM alternative selection by developing a sustainability assessment framework by coupling a modified Delphi method with the multicriteria decision analysis technique. First, the study identifies a comprehensive inventory of indicators across three dimensions of sustainability in the context of DWM. Next, the study combines a modified Delphi method with the analytic hierarchy process to validate and prioritize the selected sustainability indicators. For the first time, insights regarding the DWM sustainability indicators from China’s construction industry practitioners’ perspectives are elicited using a mixed method comprising online semistructured interviews and two rounds of questionnaire surveys. Experts participating in the research are mostly based in Guangzhou and Shenzhen, where local governments exhaust all efforts in promoting carbon-neutral and sustainable development. The findings reveal that eight sustainability indicators were regarded as the determinants for the sustainability performance of DWM, with the global warming potential (32%), energy efficiency (16.1%) and land use (13.5%) receiving the highest preference scores (weights) based on the experts’ judgment. Notably, the economic factors like the total cost (6.54%) appeared not highly prioritized by the local experts as typically did in the previous studies from developing countries.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-04-26T10:48:03Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231166309
Optimisation of process parameters of a thermal digester for the rapid
conversion of food waste into value-added soil conditioner
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  Authors: Nitin Kumar, Sunil Kumar Gupta, Brahmdeo Yadav
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  A novel thermal digester for converting food waste (FW) into nutrient-rich soil conditioner was designed and explored. The process variables, that is, temperature, the volume of the digestion chamber and the rotational speed of the digester were optimised using response surface methodology (RSM). The study revealed that the digester temperature of 150°C and rotational speed of 40 RPM required minimum time (180 minutes) for attaining the equilibrium moisture with a minimum energy consumption of 0.218 kWh kg−1. The process resulted in 80 ± 2.5% reduction in total volume of the FW. Detailed characterisation revealed that the end product was comparable to the organic fertiliser as per the Fertiliser Association of India norms. The digestion helps in breakdown of cellulose content of FW into hemicellulose which supports formation of primary and secondary walls, seed storage carbohydrates, and facilitates plant growth. 1H-Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectra of the end product revealed mineralisation of organics during digestion. Decrease in ultraviolet (UV) absorbance value at 280 nm also revealed the humification of the end product. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis disclosed extremely low crystallinity and non-recalcitrant nature of the end product. A low humification index value (HI-3.43), high fertilising index (FI-4.8), and clean index (CI-5.0) revealed that the end product could safely be utilised as an organic fertiliser. The cost–benefit analysis revealed that thermal digestion technique is profitable and economically viable with benefit–cost ratio (BCR) of 1.35. The study offers a unique approach for the rapid and hassle-free production of value-added soil conditioner from FW.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-04-19T10:06:09Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231167078
Reducing waste management scenario space for developing countries: A
hierarchical clustering on principal components approach
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  Authors: Gemechu Beyene Mekonnen, Leticia Sarmento dos Muchangos, Lisa Ito, Akihiro Tokai
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  The complexity of waste management (WM) problems resulted in the explosion of scenarios that challenge focused discussion among stakeholders and hinder the integrity of policy responses in developing countries. Hence, drawing similarities is essential to reduce the number of scenarios to simplify the WM efforts. To extract similarities, measuring WM performance is not enough, but the background factors related to this performance should be incorporated. These factors form a unique system characteristic that facilitates or hinders WM functions. Thus, this study applied multivariate statistical analysis to clarify underlying characteristics that facilitate efficient WM scenario developments for developing countries. The study first analysed drivers associated with improved WM system performance using bivariate correlation analysis. As a result, twelve significant drivers associated with controlled solid waste were identified. Then, it mapped the countries based on their WM system characteristics using the combined principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering approach. Thirteen variables were examined to extract similarities between the countries. The results identified three homogenous clusters. The clusters were found considerably parallel to the global classifications based on income and human development index. Hence, the presented approach is efficient in explaining similarities that reduce WM scenarios and favours cooperation among countries.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-04-18T06:40:30Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231167341
Solid waste management and Aedes aegypti infestation interconnections: A
regression tree application
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  Authors: Fernanda Klafke, Virgínia Grace Barros, Elisa Henning
  Abstract: Waste Management & Research, Ahead of Print.
  Public health is at the core of all environmental and anthropic impacts. Urban and territorial planners should include public health concerns in their plans. Basic sanitation infrastructure is essential to maintaining public health and social and economic development. This infrastructure deficiency causes diseases, death and economic losses in developing countries. Framing interconnections among health, sanitation, urbanization and circular economy will assist sustainable development goal achievements. This study aims to identify the relationships between solid waste management indicators in Brazil and the Aedes aegypti mosquito infestation index. Regression trees were employed for modelling due to the complexity and characteristics of the data. The analyses were performed separately from data collected from 3501 municipalities and 42 indicators from the country’s five regions. Results show that expenses and personnel indicators were the most critical indicators (in the mid-western, southeastern and southern regions), operational (northeastern (NE) region) and management (northern region). The mean absolute errors ranged from 0.803 (southern region) to 2.507 (NE region). Regional analyses indicate that the municipalities with better SWM results display lower infestation rates in buildings and residences. This research is innovative as it analyses infestation rates rather than dengue prevalence, using a machine learning method, in a multidisciplinary research field that needs further study.
  Citation: Waste Management & Research
  PubDate: 2023-04-04T07:20:57Z
  DOI: 10.1177/0734242X231164318