Subjects -> ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES (Total: 913 journals)
    - ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES (810 journals)
    - POLLUTION (31 journals)
    - TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY (54 journals)
    - WASTE MANAGEMENT (18 journals)

ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES (810 journals)                  1 2 3 4 5 | Last

Showing 1 - 200 of 378 Journals sorted alphabetically
ACS Chemical Health & Safety     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 4)
ACS Environmental Au     Open Access   (Followers: 10)
ACS ES&T Engineering     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 2)
Acta Brasiliensis     Open Access  
Acta Ecologica Sinica     Open Access   (Followers: 9)
Acta Oecologica     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 12)
Advanced Electronic Materials     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 12)
Advanced Energy and Sustainability Research     Open Access   (Followers: 6)
Advanced Membranes     Open Access   (Followers: 5)
Advanced Sustainable Systems     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 7)
Advances in Ecological Research     Full-text available via subscription   (Followers: 45)
Advances in Environmental Chemistry     Open Access   (Followers: 13)
Advances in Environmental Sciences - International Journal of the Bioflux Society     Open Access   (Followers: 17)
Advances in Environmental Technology     Open Access   (Followers: 2)
Advances in Life Science and Technology     Open Access   (Followers: 12)
Advances in Tropical Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences     Open Access   (Followers: 5)
Aeolian Research     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 7)
Agricultura Tecnica     Open Access   (Followers: 2)
Agricultural & Environmental Letters     Open Access   (Followers: 4)
Agro-Science     Full-text available via subscription   (Followers: 2)
Agroecological journal     Open Access   (Followers: 1)
Agronomy for Sustainable Development     Open Access   (Followers: 19)
Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment     Open Access   (Followers: 6)
Amazon's Research and Environmental Law     Open Access   (Followers: 4)
Ambiens. Revista Iberoamericana Universitaria en Ambiente, Sociedad y Sustentabilidad     Open Access  
Ambiente & sociedade     Open Access   (Followers: 2)
American Journal of Energy and Environment     Open Access   (Followers: 5)
American Journal of Environmental Engineering     Open Access   (Followers: 6)
American Journal of Environmental Protection     Open Access   (Followers: 5)
American Journal of Environmental Sciences     Open Access   (Followers: 9)
American Naturalist     Full-text available via subscription   (Followers: 80)
Animal - Open Space     Open Access   (Followers: 3)
Annals of Civil and Environmental Engineering     Open Access   (Followers: 1)
Annals of Environmental Science and Toxicology     Open Access   (Followers: 3)
Annals of GIS     Open Access   (Followers: 31)
Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics     Full-text available via subscription   (Followers: 83)
Annual Review of Environment and Resources     Full-text available via subscription   (Followers: 17)
Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology     Full-text available via subscription   (Followers: 38)
Annual Review of Resource Economics     Full-text available via subscription   (Followers: 11)
Applied and Environmental Soil Science     Open Access   (Followers: 15)
Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences     Open Access   (Followers: 29)
Applied Environmental Education & Communication     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 17)
Applied Journal of Environmental Engineering Science     Open Access   (Followers: 1)
Aquatic Ecology     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 42)
Aquatic Toxicology     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 26)
Arcada : Revista de conservación del patrimonio cultural     Open Access  
Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment     Open Access   (Followers: 4)
Archives des Maladies Professionnelles et de l'Environnement     Full-text available via subscription  
Archives of Environmental and Occupational Health     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 10)
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 12)
Archives of Environmental Protection     Open Access   (Followers: 5)
Archives of Toxicology     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 20)
Arctic Environmental Research     Open Access  
Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology     Open Access   (Followers: 2)
Asian Journal of Rural Development     Open Access   (Followers: 10)
Asian Review of Environmental and Earth Sciences     Open Access   (Followers: 2)
ATBU Journal of Environmental Technology     Open Access   (Followers: 1)
Atmospheric and Climate Sciences     Open Access   (Followers: 38)
Atmospheric Environment     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 71)
Atmospheric Environment : X     Open Access   (Followers: 3)
Augm Domus : Revista electrónica del Comité de Medio Ambiente de AUGM     Open Access  
Austral Ecology     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 17)
Australasian Journal of Environmental Management     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 9)
Australasian Journal of Human Security     Full-text available via subscription   (Followers: 2)
Australian Journal of Environmental Education     Full-text available via subscription   (Followers: 10)
Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 14)
Basic and Applied Ecology     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 22)
Behavioral Ecology     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 58)
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 36)
Biocenosis     Open Access  
Biochar     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 1)
Biodegradation     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 2)
Biodiversity     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 29)
Biofouling: The Journal of Bioadhesion and Biofilm Research     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 2)
Bioremediation Journal     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 4)
BioRisk     Open Access   (Followers: 2)
Boletín Semillas Ambientales     Open Access  
Bothalia : African Biodiversity & Conservation     Open Access  
Built Environment     Full-text available via subscription   (Followers: 6)
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 10)
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society     Open Access   (Followers: 63)
Bumi Lestari Journal of Environment     Open Access  
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 22)
Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing     Full-text available via subscription   (Followers: 57)
Canadian Journal of Soil Science     Full-text available via subscription   (Followers: 12)
Canadian Water Resources Journal     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 18)
Capitalism Nature Socialism     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 22)
Carbon Capture Science & Technology     Open Access   (Followers: 1)
Carbon Resources Conversion     Open Access   (Followers: 2)
Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering     Open Access  
Cell Biology and Toxicology     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 10)
Chain Reaction     Full-text available via subscription  
Challenges in Sustainability     Open Access   (Followers: 10)
Chemical Research in Toxicology     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 22)
Chemico-Biological Interactions     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 3)
Chemosphere     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 19)
Child and Adolescent Mental Health     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 69)
Chinese Journal of Environmental Law     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 1)
Ciencia, Ambiente y Clima     Open Access   (Followers: 1)
City and Environment Interactions     Open Access   (Followers: 3)
Civil and Environmental Engineering     Open Access   (Followers: 7)
Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports     Open Access   (Followers: 4)
Civil and Environmental Research     Open Access   (Followers: 14)
CLEAN - Soil, Air, Water     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 18)
Clean Technologies     Open Access   (Followers: 1)
Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 5)
Cleaner and Circular Bioeconomy (CLCB)     Open Access   (Followers: 8)
Cleaner Energy Systems     Open Access   (Followers: 4)
Cleaner Environmental Systems     Open Access   (Followers: 1)
Cleaner Production Letters     Hybrid Journal  
Cleaner Waste Systems     Open Access   (Followers: 4)
Cleanroom Technology     Full-text available via subscription   (Followers: 1)
Climate and Energy     Full-text available via subscription   (Followers: 10)
Climate Change Ecology     Open Access   (Followers: 29)
Climate Change Economics     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 51)
Climate Policy     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 60)
Climate Resilience and Sustainability     Open Access   (Followers: 34)
Coastal Engineering Journal     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 9)
Cogent Environmental Science     Open Access  
Columbia Journal of Environmental Law     Open Access   (Followers: 14)
Computational Ecology and Software     Open Access   (Followers: 9)
Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering     Open Access   (Followers: 5)
Conservation and Society     Open Access   (Followers: 14)
Conservation Letters     Open Access   (Followers: 51)
Conservation Science     Open Access   (Followers: 29)
Consilience : The Journal of Sustainable Development     Open Access   (Followers: 2)
Contemporary Problems of Ecology     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 4)
Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 11)
Critical Reviews in Toxicology     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 25)
Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica / Geographical Research Letters     Open Access  
Culture, Agriculture, Food and Environment     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 24)
Culture, Agriculture, Food and Environment     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 8)
Current Environmental Health Reports     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 2)
Current Forestry Reports     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 1)
Current Landscape Ecology Reports     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 3)
Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health     Hybrid Journal  
Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 14)
Current Research in Ecological and Social Psychology     Open Access   (Followers: 3)
Current Research in Environmental Sustainability     Open Access   (Followers: 4)
Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry     Open Access   (Followers: 1)
Current Research in Microbiology     Open Access   (Followers: 20)
Current Sustainable/Renewable Energy Reports     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 7)
Die Bodenkultur : Journal of Land Management, Food and Environment     Open Access  
Disaster Prevention and Management     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 27)
Discover Sustainability     Open Access   (Followers: 3)
disP - The Planning Review     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 1)
Drug and Chemical Toxicology     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 13)
Duke Environmental Law & Policy Forum     Open Access   (Followers: 8)
E3S Web of Conferences     Open Access  
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 7)
Earth Interactions     Open Access   (Followers: 10)
Earth Science Informatics     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 7)
Earth System Governance     Open Access   (Followers: 2)
Earth System Science Data (ESSD)     Open Access   (Followers: 9)
Earth Systems and Environment     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 3)
EchoGéo     Open Access  
Eco-Environment & Health     Open Access   (Followers: 6)
Eco-Thinking     Open Access   (Followers: 2)
Ecocycles     Open Access   (Followers: 4)
Ecohydrology     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 12)
Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology     Full-text available via subscription   (Followers: 5)
Ecologia Aplicada     Open Access  
Ecología en Bolivia     Open Access  
Ecological Applications     Full-text available via subscription   (Followers: 165)
Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S     Open Access   (Followers: 4)
Ecological Complexity     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 8)
Ecological Engineering     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 5)
Ecological Indicators     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 22)
Ecological Informatics     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 4)
Ecological Management & Restoration     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 16)
Ecological Modelling     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 74)
Ecological Monographs     Full-text available via subscription   (Followers: 38)
Ecological Processes     Open Access   (Followers: 2)
Ecological Questions     Open Access   (Followers: 5)
Ecological Research     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 10)
Ecological Restoration     Full-text available via subscription   (Followers: 23)
Ecologist, The     Full-text available via subscription   (Followers: 22)
Ecology     Full-text available via subscription   (Followers: 391)
Ecology and Evolution     Open Access   (Followers: 103)
Ecology Letters     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 278)
EcoMat : Functional Materials for Green Energy and Environment     Open Access  
Economics and Policy of Energy and the Environment     Full-text available via subscription   (Followers: 15)
Economics of Energy & Environmental Policy     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 1)
Économie rurale     Open Access   (Followers: 3)
Ecoprint : An International Journal of Ecology     Open Access   (Followers: 4)
Ecopsychology     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 7)
Ecosphere     Open Access   (Followers: 12)
Ecosystem Services     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 8)
Ecosystems     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 33)
Ecosystems and People     Open Access   (Followers: 4)
Ecotoxicology     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 9)
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 10)
Ecotrophic : Journal of Environmental Science     Open Access  
Ecozon@ : European Journal of Literature, Culture and Environment     Open Access   (Followers: 3)
Éducation relative à l'environnement     Open Access  
Electronic Green Journal     Open Access   (Followers: 4)
Empowering Sustainability International Journal     Open Access   (Followers: 4)
Energy & Environment     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 26)
Energy & Environmental Science     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 37)
Energy and Climate Change     Hybrid Journal   (Followers: 11)

        1 2 3 4 5 | Last

Similar Journals
Journal Cover
Archives of Toxicology
Journal Prestige (SJR): 1.541
Citation Impact (citeScore): 5
Number of Followers: 20  
 
  Hybrid Journal Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
ISSN (Print) 1432-0738 - ISSN (Online) 0340-5761
Published by Springer-Verlag Homepage  [2467 journals]
  • Response to Dr. Kayahara regarding the Letter to the Editor titled “The
           impact of stress on rat tongue carcinogenesis induced by 4-nitroquinoline
           1-oxide: some theoretical concepts for scientific debate”

    • Free pre-print version: Loading...

      PubDate: 2023-04-01
       
  • Histological, haematological, and thyroid hormones toxicity of female rats
           orally exposed to CuO/ZnO core/shell nanoparticles synthesized by Ar
           plasma jets

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      Abstract: Abstract Advancements in nanomedicine helped scientists design a new class of nanoparticles known as hybrid nanoparticles (core/shell) for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. An essential requirement for the successful use of nanoparticles in biomedical applications is their low toxicity. Therefore, toxicological profiling is necessary to understand the mechanism of nanoparticles. The current study aimed to assess the toxicological potential of CuO/ZnO core/shell nanoparticles with a size of 32 nm in Albino female rats. In vivo toxicity was evaluated by oral administration of 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 (mg/L) of CuO/ZnO core/shell nanoparticles to a female rate for 30 consecutive days. During the time of treatment, no deaths were observed. The toxicological evaluation revealed significant (p < 0.01) alteration in white blood cells (WBC) at a 5 (mg/L) dose. Also, increase in red blood cells (RBC) at 5, 10 (mg/L) doses, while hemoglobin (Hb) levels and hematocrit (HCT) increased at all doses. This maybe indicates that the CuO/ZnO core/shell nanoparticles stimulated the rate of blood corpuscle generation. The anaemia diagnostic indices (mean corpuscular volume MCV and mean corpuscular haemoglobin MCH) remained unchanged throughout the experiment for all the doses tested 5, 10, 20, and 40 (mg/L). According to the results of this study, exposure to CuO/ZnO core/shell NPs deteriorates the Triiodothyronine hormone (T3) and a Thyroxine hormone (T4) activated by Thyroid‐Stimulating Hormone (TSH), which is generated and secreted from the pituitary gland. There is possibly related to an increase in free radicals and a decrease in antioxidant activity. Significant (p < 0.01) growth retardation in all groups treated due to rats’ infection by Hyperthyroidism induced by thyroxine (T4) level increase. Hyperthyroidism is a catabolic state related to increased energy consumption, protein turnover, and lipolysis. Usually, these metabolic effects result in weight reduction and a decrease in fat storage and lean body mass. The histological examination indicates that the low concentrations of CuO/ZnO core/shell nanoparticles are safe for desired biomedical applications.
      PubDate: 2023-04-01
       
  • Circulating microRNAs as promising testicular translatable safety
           biomarkers: current state and future perspectives

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      Abstract: Abstract Drug-induced testicular injury (DITI) is one of the often-observed and challenging safety issues seen during drug development. Semen analysis and circulating hormones currently utilized have significant gaps in their ability to detect testicular damage accurately. In addition, no biomarkers enable a mechanistic understanding of the damage to the different regions of the testis, such as seminiferous tubules, Sertoli, and Leydig cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that modulate gene expression post-transcriptionally and have been indicated to regulate a wide range of biological pathways. Circulating miRNAs can be measured in the body fluids due to tissue-specific cell injury/damage or toxicant exposure. Therefore, these circulating miRNAs have become attractive and promising non-invasive biomarkers for assessing drug-induced testicular injury, with several reports on their use as safety biomarkers for monitoring testicular damage in preclinical species. Leveraging emerging tools such as ‘organs-on-chips’ that can emulate the human organ’s physiological environment and function is starting to enable biomarker discovery, validation, and clinical translation for regulatory qualification and implementation in drug development.
      PubDate: 2023-04-01
       
  • Preclinical safety assessment of the suction-assisted intradermal
           injection of the SARS-CoV-2 DNA vaccine candidate pGO-1002 in white rabbit
           

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      Abstract: Abstract pGO-1002, a non-viral DNA vaccine that expresses both spike and ORF3a antigens of SARS-CoV-2, is undergoing phase 1 and phase 2a clinical trials in Korea and the US. A preclinical repeated-dose toxicity study in New Zealand white rabbits in compliance with Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) was conducted to assess the potential toxicity, local tolerance, and immunogenicity of the vaccine and GeneDerm suction device. The dose rate was 1.2 mg/head pGO-1002, and this was administered intradermally to a group of animals (eight animals/sex/group) three times at 2-week intervals, followed by a 4-week recovery period. After each administration, suction was applied to the injection site using the GeneDerm device. Mortality, clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, skin irritation, ophthalmology, body temperature, urinalysis, and clinical pathology were also monitored. Gross observations and histopathological evaluation were performed. Overall, pGO-1002 administration-related changes were confined to minor damage or changes at the injection site, increased spleen weight and minimal increased cellularity in white pulp. All changes of injection site were considered local inflammatory changes or pharmacological actions due to the vaccine with the changes in spleen considered consistent with vaccine-induced immune activation. All findings showed reversibility during the 4-week recovery period. Animals vaccinated with pGO-1002, administered by intradermal injection and followed by application of suction with GeneDerm, developed humoral and cellular responses against the SARS-CoV-2 antigens consistent with prior studies in rats. Collectively, it was concluded that the pGO-1002 vaccine was safe and effective under these experimental conditions and these data supported future human study of the vaccine, now known as GLS-5310, for clinical trial use.
      PubDate: 2023-04-01
       
  • Species differences and human relevance of the toxicity of
           4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors and a new approach
           method in vitro for investigation

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      Abstract: Abstract The mode of action (MoA) of the 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor herbicides in mammals is well described and is generally accepted to be due to a build-up of excess systemic tyrosine which is associated with the range of adverse effects reported in laboratory animals. What is less well accepted is the basis for the marked difference in the effects of HPPD inhibitors that has been observed across experimental species and humans, where some species show significant toxicities whereas in other species exposure causes few effects. The activity of the catabolic enzyme tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) varies across species including humans and it is hypothesized that this primarily accounts for the different levels of tyrosinemia observed between species and leads to the subsequent differences in toxicity. The previously reported activities of TAT in different species showed large variation, were inconsistent, have methodological uncertainties and could lead to a reasonable challenge to the scientific basis for the species difference in response. To provide clarity, a new method was developed for the simultaneous and systematic measurement of TAT in vitro using robust methodologies in a range of mammalian species including human. The results obtained showed general correlation between high TAT activity and low in vivo toxicity when using a model based on hepatic cytosol and a very convincing correlation when using a primary hepatocyte model. These data fully support the role of TAT in explaining the species differences in toxicity. Moreover, this information should give greater confidence in selecting the most appropriate animal model (the mouse) for human health risk assessment and for key classification and labeling decision-making.
      PubDate: 2023-04-01
       
  • Morphological alterations in C57BL/6 mouse intestinal organoids as a tool
           for predicting chemical-induced toxicity

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      Abstract: Abstract Intestinal organoid may serve as an alternative model for toxicity testing. However, the linkage between specific morphological alterations in organoids and chemical-induced toxicity has yet to be defined. Here, we generated C57BL/6 mouse intestinal organoids and conducted a morphology-based analysis on chemical-induced toxicity. Alterations in morphology were characterized by large spheroids, hyperplastic organoids, small spheroids, and protrusion-loss organoids, which responded in a concentration-dependent manner to the treatment of four metal(loid)s including cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), hexavalent chromium (Cr-VI), and inorganic trivalent arsenic (iAs-III). Notably, alterations in organoid morphology characterized by abnormal morphology rate were correlated with specific intestinal toxic effects, including reduction in cell viability and differentiation, induction of apoptosis, dysfunction of mucus production, and damage to epithelial barrier upon repeated administration. The benchmark dose (BMDL10) values of morphological alterations (0.007–0.195 μM) were lower than those of conventional bioassays (0.010–0.907 μM). We also established that the morphologic features of organoids upon Cd, Pb, Cr-VI, or iAs-III treatment were metal specific, and mediated by Wnt, bone morphogenetic protein, apoptosis induction, and Notch signaling pathways, respectively. Collectively, these findings provide novel insights into the relevance of morphological alterations in organoids to specific toxic endpoints and identify specific morphological alterations as potential indicators of enterotoxicity.
      PubDate: 2023-04-01
       
  • Coenzyme Q0 defeats NLRP3-mediated inflammation, EMT/metastasis, and
           Warburg effects by inhibiting HIF-1α expression in human triple-negative
           breast cancer cells

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      Abstract: Abstract Coenzyme Q0 (CoQ0) is a derivative quinone from Antrodia camphorata (AC) that exerts anticancer activities. This study examined the anticancer attributes of CoQ0 (0–4 µM) on inhibited anti-EMT/metastasis and NLRP3 inflammasome, and altered Warburg effects via HIF-1α inhibition in triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231 and 468) cells. MTT assay, cell migration/invasion assays, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, metabolic reprogramming, and LC–ESI-MS were carried out to assess the therapy potential of CoQ0. CoQ0 inhibited HIF-1α expression and suppressed the NLRP3 inflammasome and ASC/caspase-1 expression, followed by downregulation of IL-1β and IL-18 expression in MDA-MB-231 and 468 cells. CoQ0 ameliorated cancer stem-like markers by decreasing CD44 and increasing CD24 expression. Notably, CoQ0 modulated EMT by upregulating the epithelial marker E-cadherin and downregulating the mesenchymal marker N-cadherin. CoQ0 inhibited glucose uptake and lactate accumulation. CoQ0 also inhibited HIF-1α downstream genes involved in glycolysis, such as HK-2, LDH-A, PDK-1, and PKM-2 enzymes. CoQ0 decreased extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), glycolysis, glycolytic capacity, and glycolytic reserve in MDA-MB-231 and 468 cells under normoxic and hypoxic (CoCl2) conditions. CoQ0 inhibited the glycolytic intermediates lactate, FBP, and 2/3-PG, and PEP levels. CoQ0 increased oxygen consumption rate (OCR), basal respiration, ATP production, maximal respiration, and spare capacity under normoxic and hypoxic (CoCl2) conditions. CoQ0 increased TCA cycle metabolites, such as citrate, isocitrate, and succinate. CoQ0 inhibited aerobic glycolysis and enhanced mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in TNBC cells. Under hypoxic conditions, CoQ0 also mitigated HIF-1α, GLUT1, glycolytic-related (HK-2, LDH-A, and PFK-1), and metastasis-related (E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and MMP-9) protein or mRNA expression in MDA-MB-231 and/or 468 cells. Under LPS/ATP stimulation, CoQ0 inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome/procaspase-1/IL-18 activation and NFκB/iNOS expression. CoQ0 also hindered LPS/ATP-stimulated tumor migration and downregulated LPS/ATP-stimulated N-cadherin and MMP-2/-9 expression. The present study revealed that suppression of HIF-1α expression caused by CoQ0 may contribute to inhibition of NLRP3-mediated inflammation, EMT/metastasis, and Warburg effects of triple-negative breast cancers.
      PubDate: 2023-04-01
       
  • Gasdermin D membrane pores orchestrate IL-1α secretion from necrotic
           macrophages after NFS-rich silica exposure

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      Abstract: Abstract IL-1α is an intracellular danger signal (DAMP) released by macrophages contributing to the development of silica-induced lung inflammation. The exact molecular mechanism orchestrating IL-1α extracellular release from particle-exposed macrophages is still unclear. To delineate this process, murine J774 and bone-marrow derived macrophages were exposed to increasing concentrations (1–40 cm2/ml) of a set of amorphous and crystalline silica particles with different surface chemical features. In particular, these characteristics include the content of nearly free silanols (NFS), a silanol population responsible for silica cytotoxicity recently identified. We first observed de novo stocks of IL-1α in macrophages after silica internalization regardless of particle physico-chemical characteristics and cell stress. IL-1α intracellular production and accumulation were observed by exposing macrophages to biologically-inert or cytotoxic crystalline and amorphous silicas. In contrast, only NFS-rich reactive silica particles triggered IL-1α release into the extracellular milieu from necrotic macrophages. We demonstrate that IL-1α is actively secreted through the formation of gasdermin D (GSDMD) pores in the plasma membrane and not passively released after macrophage plasma membrane lysis. Our findings indicate that the GSDMD pore-dependent secretion of IL-1α stock from macrophages solely depends on cytotoxicity induced by NFS-rich silica. This new regulated process represents a key first event in the mechanism of silica toxicity, suitable to refine the existing adverse outcome pathway (AOP) for predicting the inflammatory activity of silicas.
      PubDate: 2023-04-01
       
  • Influence of deoxynivalenol-contaminated feed on the immune response of
           pigs after PRRSV vaccination and infection

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      Abstract: Abstract The impact of the Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) on the immune response against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccination and infection was investigated. Forty-two weaned piglets were separated into seven groups and received three different diets: Low DON (1.09 ppm), High DON (2.81 ppm) or No DON. These three treatments were split further into either vaccinated (Ingelvac PRRSFLEX EU) and challenged with PRRSV 28 days post-vaccination, or only infected at day 28. A seventh group received no DON, no vaccination, and no infection. Two weeks after challenge infection, when pigs were euthanized, the number of IFN-γ producing lymphocytes in the blood of vaccinated animals was lower in pigs on High DON compared to animals on Low DON or No DON. Intracellular cytokine staining showed that vaccinated animals fed with the Low DON diet had higher frequencies of TNF-α/IFN-γ co-producing CD4+ T cells than the other two vaccinated groups, particularly in lung tissue. Vaccinated animals on High DON had similar viral loads in the lung as the non-vaccinated groups, but several animals of the Low DON or No DON group receiving vaccination had reduced titers. In these two groups, there was a negative correlation between lung virus titers and vaccine-specific TNF-α/IFN-γ co-producing CD4+ T cells located either in lung tissue or blood. These results indicate that after PRRSV vaccination and infection, high levels of DON negatively influence immune parameters and clearance of the virus, whereas low DON concentrations have immunomodulatory effects.
      PubDate: 2023-04-01
       
  • Excretion kinetics of 1,3-dichlorobenzene and its urinary metabolites
           after controlled airborne exposure in human volunteers

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      Abstract: Abstract The solvent 1,3-dichlorobenzene (1,3-DCB) is formed during thermal decomposition of the initiator 2,4-dichlorobenzoylperoxide in the production of silicone rubber with potential exposure of production workers as shown in previous works. Despite a threshold limit value (MAK value) of 2 ppm in air, there are currently no data about the corresponding internal exposure that would allow for the derivation of a biological limit value. In the present study, we have investigated the absorption of 1,3-DCB and urinary kinetics of its metabolites in 10 human volunteers after controlled inhalative exposure. Due to the strong odour of 1,3-DCB, a subjective evaluation of odour nuisance was also performed. Ten male human volunteers (23–36 yrs.) were exposed 6 h/day to a concentration of 0.7 ppm and 1.5 ppm in the Aachen workplace simulation laboratory (AWSL) with one week between each experiment. In order to investigate potential dermal absorption, the volunteers were exposed to 1.5 ppm wearing a suitable filter mask that prevented inhalative exposure in a third exposure. 1,3-DCB in blood was measured after 3 and 6 h exposure and the urinary metabolites 3,5-dichlorocatechol (3,5-DCC), 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) and 3,5-dichlorophenol (3,5-DCP) were measured over 24 h after exposure via LC/MS/MS. There were clear dose–response relations for all investigated parameters. The maximum excretion of the metabolites was reached at the end of exposure and corresponded to 5.2 ± 0.7 mg/g crea, 1.5 ± 0.35 mg/g crea and 0.07 ± 0.011 mg/g crea at 0.7 ppm and to 12.0 ± 3 mg/g crea, 3.5 ± 1.1 mg/g crea and 0.17 ± 0.05 mg/g crea at 1.5 ppm for 3,5-DCC, 2,4-DCP and 3,5-DCP, respectively. The use of filter masks decreased the internal exposure for about 85–90%, indicating substantial dermal absorption. Odour perception did not show a dose–response, probably due to fast olfactory adaption. The human study presented here provides an excellent basis for deriving a biological limit value for 1,3-DCB.
      PubDate: 2023-04-01
       
  • Mammalian toxicity of trifluoroacetate and assessment of human health
           risks due to environmental exposures

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      Abstract: Abstract While trifluoroacetic acid has limited technical uses, the highly water-soluble trifluoroacetate (TFA) is reported to be present in water bodies at low concentrations. Most of the TFA in the environment is discussed to arise from natural processes, but also with the contribution from decomposition of environmental chemicals. The presence of TFA may result in human exposures. For hazard and risk assessment, the mammalian toxicity of TFA and human exposures are reviewed to assess the margin of exposures (MoE). The potential of TFA to induce acute toxicity is very low and oral repeated dose studies in rats have identified the liver as the target organ with mild liver hypertrophy as the lead effect. Biomarker analyses indicate that TFA is a weak peroxisome proliferator in rats. TFA administered to rats did not induce adverse effects in an extended one-generation study and in a developmental toxicity study or induce genotoxic responses. Based on recent levels of TFA in water and diet, MoEs for human exposures to TFA are well above 100 and do not indicate health risks.
      PubDate: 2023-04-01
       
  • A continuous in silico learning strategy to identify safety liabilities in
           compounds used in the leather and textile industry

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      Abstract: Abstract There is a widely recognized need to reduce human activity's impact on the environment. Many industries of the leather and textile sector (LTI), being aware of producing a significant amount of residues (Keßler et al. 2021; Liu et al. 2021), are adopting measures to reduce the impact of their processes on the environment, starting with a more comprehensive characterization of the chemical risk associated with the substances commonly used in LTI. The present work contributes to these efforts by compiling and toxicologically annotating the substances used in LTI, supporting a continuous learning strategy for characterizing their chemical safety. This strategy combines data collection from public sources, experimental methods and in silico predictions for characterizing four different endpoints: CMR, ED, PBT, and vPvB. We present the results of a prospective validation exercise in which we confirm that in silico methods can produce reasonably good hazard estimations and fill knowledge gaps in the LTI chemical space. The proposed protocol can speed the process and optimize the use of resources including the lives of experimental animals, contributing to identifying potentially harmful substances and their possible replacement by safer alternatives, thus reducing the environmental footprint and impact on human health.
      PubDate: 2023-04-01
       
  • High-throughput micronucleus assay using three-dimensional HepaRG
           spheroids for in vitro genotoxicity testing

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      Abstract: Abstract The in vitro micronucleus (MN) assay is a component of most test batteries used in assessing potential genotoxicity. Our previous study adapted metabolically competent HepaRG cells to the high-throughput (HT) flow-cytometry-based MN assay for genotoxicity assessment (Guo et al. in J Toxicol Environ Health A 83:702–717, 2020b, https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2020.1822972). We also demonstrated that, compared to HepaRG cells grown as two-dimensional (2D) cultures, 3D HepaRG spheroids have increased metabolic capacity and improved sensitivity in detecting DNA damage induced by genotoxicants using the comet assay (Seo et al. in ALTEX 39:583–604, 2022, https://doi.org/10.14573/altex.22011212022). In the present study, we have compared the performance of the HT flow-cytometry-based MN assay in HepaRG spheroids and 2D HepaRG cells by testing 34 compounds, including 19 genotoxicants or carcinogens and 15 compounds that show different genotoxic responses in vitro and in vivo. 2D HepaRG cells and spheroids were exposed to the test compounds for 24 h, followed by an additional 3- or 6-day incubation with human epidermal growth factor to stimulate cell division. The results demonstrated that HepaRG spheroids showed generally higher sensitivity in detecting several indirect-acting genotoxicants (require metabolic activation) compared to 2D cultures, with 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene and N-nitrosodimethylamine inducing higher % MN formation along with having significantly lower benchmark dose values for MN induction in 3D spheroids. These data suggest that 3D HepaRG spheroids can be adapted to the HT flow-cytometry-based MN assay for genotoxicity testing. Our findings also indicate that integration of the MN and comet assays improved the sensitivity for detecting genotoxicants that require metabolic activation. These results suggest that HepaRG spheroids may contribute to New Approach Methodologies for genotoxicity assessment.
      PubDate: 2023-04-01
       
  • The possible role of particulate matter on the respiratory microbiome:
           evidence from in vivo to clinical studies

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      Abstract: Abstract Environmental pollution, which contains ambient particulate matter, has been shown to have a significant impact on human health and longevity over the past 30 years. Recent studies clearly showed that exposure to particulate matter directly caused adverse effects on the respiratory system via various mechanisms including the accumulation of free radical peroxidation, the imbalance of intercellular calcium regulation, and inflammation, resulting in respiratory diseases. Recent evidence showed the importance of the role of the respiratory microbiome on lung immunity and lung development. In addition, previous studies have confirmed that several chronic respiratory diseases were associated with an alteration in the respiratory microbiome. However, there is still a lack of knowledge with regard to the changes in the respiratory microbiome with regard to the role of particulate matter exposure in respiratory diseases. Therefore, this review aims to summarize and discuss all the in vivo to clinical evidence which investigated the effect of particulate matter exposure on the respiratory microbiome and respiratory diseases. Any contradictory findings are incorporated and discussed. A summary of all these pieces of evidence may offer an insight into a therapeutic approach for the respiratory diseases related to particulate matter exposure and respiratory microbiome.
      PubDate: 2023-04-01
       
  • SIRT3/GLUT4 signaling activation by metformin protect against
           cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in vitro

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      Abstract: Abstract Cisplatin is highly effective for killing tumor cells. However, as one of its side effects, ototoxicity limits the clinical application of cisplatin. The mechanisms of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity have not been fully clarified yet. SIRT3 is a deacetylated protein mainly located in mitochondria, which regulates a variety of physiological processes in cells. The role of SIRT3 in cisplatin-induced hair cell injury has not been founded. In this study, primary cultured cochlear explants exposed to 5 μM cisplatin, as well as OC-1 cells exposed to 10 μM cisplatin, were used to establish models of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in vitro. We found that when combined with cisplatin, metformin (75 μM) significantly up-regulated the expression of SIRT3 and alleviated cisplatin-induced apoptosis of hair cells. We regulated the expression of SIRT3 to explore the role of SIRT3 in cisplatin-induced auditory hair cell injury. Overexpression of SIRT3 promoted the survival of auditory hair cells and alleviated the apoptosis of auditory hair cells. In contrast, knockdown of SIRT3 impaired the protective effect of metformin and exacerbated cisplatin injury. In addition, we found that the protective effect of SIRT3 may be achieved by regulating GLUT4 translocation and rescuing impaired glucose uptake caused by cisplatin. Our study confirmed that upregulation of SIRT3 may antagonize cisplatin-induced ototoxicity, and provided a new perspective for the study of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.
      PubDate: 2023-04-01
       
  • Evidential requirements for the regulatory hazard and risk assessment of
           respiratory sensitisers: methyl methacrylate as an example

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      Abstract: Abstract This review addresses the need for a framework to increase the consistency, objectivity and transparency in the regulatory assessment of respiratory sensitisers and associated uncertainties. Principal issues are considered and illustrated through a case study (with methyl methacrylate). In the absence of test methods validated for regulatory use, formal documentation of the weight-of-evidence for hazard classification both at the level of integration of individual studies within lines of evidence and across a broad range of data streams was agreed to be critical for such a framework. An integrated approach is proposed to include not only occupational studies and clinical evidence for the regulatory assessment of respiratory sensitisers, but also information on structure and physical and chemical factors, predictive approaches such as structure activity analysis and in vitro and in vivo mechanistic and toxicokinetic findings. A weight-of-evidence protocol, incorporating integration of these sources of data based on predefined considerations, would contribute to transparency and consistency in the outcome of the assessment. In those cases where a decision may need to be taken on the basis of occupational findings alone, conclusions should be based on transparent weighting of relevant data on the observed prevalence of occupational asthma in various studies taking into account all relevant information including the range and nature of workplace exposures to the substance of interest, co-exposure to other chemicals and study quality.
      PubDate: 2023-04-01
       
  • Ricin: an ancient toxicant, but still an evergreen

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      PubDate: 2023-03-07
       
  • Artificial intelligence and machine learning disciplines with the
           potential to improve the nanotoxicology and nanomedicine fields: a
           comprehensive review

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      Abstract: Abstract The use of nanomaterials in medicine depends largely on nanotoxicological evaluation in order to ensure safe application on living organisms. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (MI) can be used to analyze and interpret large amounts of data in the field of toxicology, such as data from toxicological databases and high-content image-based screening data. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models and nano-quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) models can be used to predict the behavior and toxic effects of nanomaterials, respectively. PBPK and Nano-QSAR are prominent ML tool for harmful event analysis that is used to understand the mechanisms by which chemical compounds can cause toxic effects, while toxicogenomics is the study of the genetic basis of toxic responses in living organisms. Despite the potential of these methods, there are still many challenges and uncertainties that need to be addressed in the field. In this review, we provide an overview of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques in nanomedicine and nanotoxicology to better understand the potential toxic effects of these materials at the nanoscale.
      PubDate: 2023-03-07
       
  • Determination of in vitro hepatotoxic potencies of a series of
           perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) based on gene expression changes in
           HepaRG liver cells

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      Abstract: Abstract Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are omnipresent and have been shown to induce a wide range of adverse health effects, including hepatotoxicity, developmental toxicity, and immunotoxicity. The aim of the present work was to assess whether human HepaRG liver cells can be used to obtain insight into differences in hepatotoxic potencies of a series of PFASs. Therefore, the effects of 18 PFASs on cellular triglyceride accumulation (AdipoRed assay) and gene expression (DNA microarray for PFOS and RT-qPCR for all 18 PFASs) were studied in HepaRG cells. BMDExpress analysis of the PFOS microarray data indicated that various cellular processes were affected at the gene expression level. From these data, ten genes were selected to assess the concentration–effect relationship of all 18 PFASs using RT-qPCR analysis. The AdipoRed data and the RT-qPCR data were used for the derivation of in vitro relative potencies using PROAST analysis. In vitro relative potency factors (RPFs) could be obtained for 8 PFASs (including index chemical PFOA) based on the AdipoRed data, whereas for the selected genes, in vitro RPFs could be obtained for 11–18 PFASs (including index chemical PFOA). For the readout OAT5 expression, in vitro RPFs were obtained for all PFASs. In vitro RPFs were found to correlate in general well with each other (Spearman correlation) except for the PPAR target genes ANGPTL4 and PDK4. Comparison of in vitro RPFs with RPFs obtained from in vivo studies in rats indicate that best correlations (Spearman correlation) were obtained for in vitro RPFs based on OAT5 and CXCL10 expression changes and external in vivo RPFs. HFPO-TA was found to be the most potent PFAS tested, being around tenfold more potent than PFOA. Altogether, it may be concluded that the HepaRG model may provide relevant data to provide insight into which PFASs are relevant regarding their hepatotoxic effects and that it can be applied as a screening tool to prioritize other PFASs for further hazard and risk assessment.
      PubDate: 2023-03-03
       
  • Avicenna’s clinical toxicology approach and beneficial materia
           medica against oral poisoning

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      Abstract: Abstract Considering the rich background of Persian Medicine in the use of materia medica for the treatment of diseases, the huge burden of oral poisonings in the world, and the urgent need to find scientific solutions, the purpose of this study was to determine Avicenna’s approach toward clinical toxicology and his proposed treatments for oral poisonings. In Al-Qanun Fi Al-Tibb, Avicenna addressed the materia medica for the treatments of oral poisonings after explaining the ingestion of different toxins and also elucidating the clinical toxicology approach toward poisoned patients. These materia medica were from different classes including emetics, purgatives, enemas, diaphoretics, antidiarrheals, inhaled drugs, sternutators, anticoagulants, antiepileptics, antitussives, diuretics, cooling drugs, stimulants, cardiotonic drugs, and heating oils. By applying different therapies, Avicenna endeavored to attain main goals in clinical toxicology that are comparable with modern medicine. They included removing the toxins from the body, decreasing the severity of the deleterious effects of toxins on the body, and counteracting the effects of toxins inside the body. Aside from introducing different therapeutic agents that played an important role in the treatment of oral poisonings, he emphasized the ameliorating effects of nutritive foods and beverages. Further research using other Persian medical resources is recommended to elucidate the applicable approaches and treatments for different poisonings.
      PubDate: 2023-03-02
       
 
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