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Authors:M.S.M. Farhan, Pubudu Samarasekara Pages: 1 - 13 Abstract: For the first time, the fourth order perturbed Heisenberg Hamiltonian with all seven magnetic energy parameters was solved for simple cubic structured ferromagnetic ultrathin films. Spin exchange interaction, magnetic dipole interaction, second order magnetic anisotropy, fourth order magnetic anisotropy, applied magnetic field, demagnetization energy and stress induced anisotropy were considered. 3D graphs of total magnetic energy versusstressinduced anisotropy and angle were plotted for different values of second order and fourth order magnetic anisotropy constants. Each second and fourth order magnetic anisotropy constants was considered as a variable in the film. All other magnetic energy parameters were fixed at constant values. In addition, graphs of energy versus angle were plotted to find the magnetic easy and hard directions. The angle between magnetic easy and hard directions were found to be 90 degrees in each case as expected. These results were compared with the results obtained using second and third order perturbed Heisenberg Hamiltonian. PubDate: 2022-04-07 Issue No:Vol. 12, No. 1 (2022)
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Authors:Mohd Danish, Reeta Devi Pages: 14 - 16 Abstract: Packing industry looking for packing material that is economically feasible, environment friendly and that is non- toxic to food material so, biopolymer can be considers as good replacement as it contains chiton, gelatin, and some percentage of silver nanoparticles. The plastic waste disposal strongly raised in importance in the recent past and it is approaching a critical situation worldwide, so requiring putting in practice the criteria of circular economy by avoiding meaningless policy responses against the plastic materials. The world of plastic materials includes a wide range of goods in all the sectors of our life: packaging, construction, biomedicals, etc. Among the possible processes that can be more sustainable if compared with the traditional ones, in a real circular economy perspective, those based on thermochemical exploitation of products obtained by plastics are discussed and assessed. PubDate: 2022-04-07 Issue No:Vol. 12, No. 1 (2022)
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Authors:Nirad Singh Pages: 17 - 27 Abstract: Nanotechnology is the study of extremely small structures. The prefix “Nano” is derived from the Greek word “nanos” meaning ‘DWARF’ (Small). The beauty of nanotechnology is its ability to make things smaller, so they have more impact on our lives. Nanotechnology deals with materials in the size of 0.1 to 100 nm. One nanometer is one billionth of a meter (10–9 m or 10–7 cm), about 100 thousand times smaller than the diameter of a human hair, a thousand times smaller than a red blood cell, or about half the size of DNA (Scott and Chan, 2002). Nanotechnology is defined asresearch and development at the atomic, molecular, or macromolecularlevel utilizing a length scale of at least one nanometer in one dimension. The arrangement of atoms in 1–100 nm structures, devices, and systems generate novel properties and abilities. Their small size allows them to display properties such as electrical conductance, chemical reactivity, magnetism, optical properties and physical strength different from bulk materials. A broad scope of new applications in science is opened by nanotechnology, including those in materials science, chemistry, biology, computer science, energy, environmental science, medicine. This technology has been extended to affect most aspects of human life in the future; thus, a suitable approach and adequate knowledge of its applications are essential for a successful outcome. With molecular control, this science promises to unlock nature's secrets in all fields from engineering to medicine. Nanotechnology enables better and faster electronics, more efficient fuel consumption, greater drug discovery capabilities, and stronger, more resistant materials. It has the potential to have a profound effect on all of us, and there are already several applications in the market. The application of nanotechnologies to human health has been promising in recent years, especially in the treatment of cancer. Nanotechnology is revolutionizing a variety of technologies and industries and is rapidly growing into a large future market. This article seeks to outline the future applications of nanotechnology. PubDate: 2022-04-07 Issue No:Vol. 12, No. 1 (2022)
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Authors:F. T. Z. Toma First page: 28 Abstract: As deposited and two different annealing temperatures (500°C and 600°C) of Tin dioxide(SnO2) thin films are prepared on glass substrates by Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) technique and subsequently their structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties are investigated and analyzed as a function of annealing temperature. It’s found that SnO2 films exhibit different nanostructures at different annealing temperatures. XRD analysis confirms that both deposited and annealed films are cubic structure in nature. The crystalline size as well as the crystalline quality of the film are found to increase with the increase of annealing temperature to a certain point. Crystallite size from structural analysis are 25.47 nm, 27.57 nm, 34.05 nm and the grain size from morphological analysis are 60 nm, 85 nm 100 nm respectively. The result shows that with an increase in annealing temperature, the value of crystallite size and particle size are also increases so that there is a good agreement between XRD and SEM measurements. From UV-visible spectroscopy it is shown that transmittance of the SnO2 thin film decreasing with increasing the annealing temperature. As the annealing temperature increases band gap value decreases as 3.86 eV, 3.84 eV and 3.83 eV respectively. It is also confirmed that the conductivity is increasing with increasing the annealing temperature from electrical analysis. In this research work the CBD process is able to synthesize high quality crystallite thin films and the annealing temperature influences all the properties of the surface morphology, structural, optical and electrical properties of SnO2 thin films. PubDate: 2022-03-14 Issue No:Vol. 12, No. 1 (2022)
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Authors:B. Goswami Pages: 40 - 49 Abstract: This article is description of modern trend in organic nanomatter. Most cases organic nanocompose has been articulated, as of, natural perversion. Ethic of miniaturization has schemed follow on pervade i.e. synergistic to natural excuses. Industry world has been to score scopes to fabricate nanocompose made from either/or, as of, inorganic/organic constitutive. In other words, scheme has been to incorporate nanosize particle to matrix of standard material. Discrimination among organic/inorganic compose has scriptive issued, as of, presence/absence of carbon irrespective of oxides of carbon. Implication of nanocompose has developed from usual studied large value of ratio between surface areas to that volume. Thus, chemical reactivity has been multiplied several times than usual scheme score of bulk matter. Environment nano pollutant has been scriptive issued as after ascription of usual/natural scheme, given by, climatic aid, and water related degeneration, gaseous emission as well as usage/process/excavation of petrochem. Keywords Organic, Nanocompose, Inorganic, Chemical reactivity, Nanofiller PubDate: 2022-04-07 Issue No:Vol. 12, No. 1 (2022)
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