Abstract: Mediterranean–Black Sea gateway exchange: scientific drilling workshop on the BlackGate project Wout Krijgsman, Iuliana Vasiliev, Anouk Beniest, Timothy Lyons, Johanna Lofi, Gabor Tari, Caroline P. Slomp, Namik Cagatay, Maria Triantaphyllou, Rachel Flecker, Dan Palcu, Cecilia McHugh, Helge Arz, Pierre Henry, Karen Lloyd, Gunay Cifci, Özgür Sipahioglu, Dimitris Sakellariou, and the BlackGate workshop participants Sci. Dril., 31, 93–110, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-31-93-2022, 2022 BlackGate seeks to MSP drill a transect to study the impact of dramatic hydrologic change in Mediterranean–Black Sea connectivity by recovering the Messinian to Holocene (~ 7 Myr) sedimentary sequence in the North Aegean, Marmara, and Black seas. These archives will reveal hydrographic, biotic, and climatic transitions studied by a broad scientific community spanning the stratigraphic, tectonic, biogeochemical, and microbiological evolution of Earth’s most recent saline and anoxic giant. PubDate: Fri, 28 Oct 2022 13:38:21 +020 DOI: 10.5194/sd-31-93-2022 2022
Abstract: Simple evaluation of the fold axis, axial plane, and interlimb angle from a borehole image log Yohei Hamada, Yoshinori Sanada, and Takehiro Hirose Sci. Dril., 31, 85–91, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-31-85-2022, 2022 Fold parameters such as fold axis, axial plane, interlimb angle, and their depth are very useful for geological and structural geological interpretation. In this paper, we report on a simple method to evaluate fold parameters from borehole image logs. The method is validated using a simulated fold model to test its practical limitations. The results suggest that the fold parameters derived by the proposed method are sufficient for practical interpretation. PubDate: Fri, 28 Oct 2022 13:38:21 +020 DOI: 10.5194/sd-31-85-2022 2022
Abstract: A channel sampling strategy for measurement of mineral modal and chemical composition of drill cores: application to lower oceanic crustal rocks from IODP Expedition 345 to the Hess Deep rift Robert P. Wintsch, Romain Meyer, David L. Bish, Ryan T. Deasy, Toshio Nozaka, and Carley Johnson Sci. Dril., 31, 71–84, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-31-71-2022, 2022 We report a new method of obtaining representative samples of drill core with an example from the lower oceanic crust in the Hess Deep rift. Sawing drill core in half produces 1.3 g of rock per centimeter of core cut – material usually discarded. We show that when collected and analyzed properly, these samples reveal both the chemical composition of lower oceanic crust and the reactions that change the mineralogical and chemical composition of that crust. PubDate: Fri, 28 Oct 2022 13:38:21 +020 DOI: 10.5194/sd-31-71-2022 2022
Abstract: Drilling Overdeepened Alpine Valleys (ICDP-DOVE): quantifying the age, extent, and environmental impact of Alpine glaciations Flavio S. Anselmetti, Milos Bavec, Christian Crouzet, Markus Fiebig, Gerald Gabriel, Frank Preusser, Cesare Ravazzi, and DOVE scientific team Sci. Dril., 31, 51–70, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-31-51-2022, 2022 Previous glaciations eroded below the ice deep valleys in the Alpine foreland, which, with their sedimentary fillings, witness the timing and extent of these glacial advance–retreat cycles. Drilling such sedimentary sequences will thus provide well-needed evidence in order to reconstruct the (a)synchronicity of past ice advances in a trans-Alpine perspective. Eventually these data will document how the Alpine foreland was shaped and how the paleoclimate patterns varied along and across the Alps. PubDate: Fri, 28 Oct 2022 13:38:21 +020 DOI: 10.5194/sd-31-51-2022 2022
Abstract: ICDP drilling of the Eger Rift observatory: magmatic fluids driving the earthquake swarms and deep biosphere Tomáš Fischer, Pavla Hrubcová, Torsten Dahm, Heiko Woith, Tomáš Vylita, Matthias Ohrnberger, Josef Vlček, Josef Horálek, Petr Dědeček, Martin Zimmer, Martin P. Lipus, Simona Pierdominici, Jens Kallmeyer, Frank Krüger, Katrin Hannemann, Michael Korn, Horst Kämpf, Thomas Reinsch, Jakub Klicpera, Daniel Vollmer, and Kyriaki Daskalopoulou Sci. Dril., 31, 31–49, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-31-31-2022, 2022 The newly established geodynamic laboratory aims to develop modern, comprehensive, multiparameter observations at depth for studying earthquake swarms, crustal fluid flow, mantle-derived fluid degassing and processes of the deep biosphere. It is located in the West Bohemia–Vogtland (western Eger Rift) geodynamic region and comprises a set of five shallow boreholes with high-frequency 3-D seismic arrays as well as continuous real-time fluid monitoring at depth and the study of the deep biosphere. PubDate: Fri, 28 Oct 2022 13:38:21 +020 DOI: 10.5194/sd-31-31-2022 2022
Abstract: A synthesis of monsoon exploration in the Asian marginal seas Peter D. Clift, Christian Betzler, Steven C. Clemens, Beth Christensen, Gregor P. Eberli, Christian France-Lanord, Stephen Gallagher, Ann Holbourn, Wolfgang Kuhnt, Richard W. Murray, Yair Rosenthal, Ryuji Tada, and Shiming Wan Sci. Dril., 31, 1–29, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-31-1-2022, 2022 An integrated campaign of drilling around Asia and Australia was conducted from 2013 to 2016 to reconstruct the monsoon climate. The results provide relatively continuous records spanning the last 24 myr. Asia has shown a steady drying since the late Miocene, while Australia has become wetter. The monsoons are affected by the tectonics of Asia and surrounding seas, as well as orbital forcing, resulting in diachronous evolution of continental climate, ocean currents, and the marine biosphere. PubDate: Fri, 28 Oct 2022 13:38:21 +020 DOI: 10.5194/sd-31-1-2022 2022
Abstract: Sensitivity of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet to +2 °C (SWAIS 2C) Molly O. Patterson, Richard H. Levy, Denise K. Kulhanek, Tina van de Flierdt, Huw Horgan, Gavin B. Dunbar, Timothy R. Naish, Jeanine Ash, Alex Pyne, Darcy Mandeno, Paul Winberry, David M. Harwood, Fabio Florindo, Francisco J. Jimenez-Espejo, Andreas Läufer, Kyu-Cheul Yoo, Osamu Seki, Paolo Stocchi, Johann P. Klages, Jae Il Lee, Florence Colleoni, Yusuke Suganuma, Edward Gasson, Christian Ohneiser, José-Abel Flores, David Try, Rachel Kirkman, Daleen Koch, and the SWAIS 2C Science Team Sci. Dril., 30, 101–112, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-30-101-2022, 2022 How much of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet will melt and how quickly it will happen when average global temperatures exceed 2 °C is currently unknown. Given the far-reaching and international consequences of Antarctica’s future contribution to global sea level rise, the SWAIS 2C Project was developed in order to better forecast the size and timing of future changes. PubDate: Fri, 25 Feb 2022 14:06:57 +010 DOI: 10.5194/sd-30-101-2022 2022
Abstract: Ship-board determination of whole-rock (ultra-)trace element concentrations by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis of pressed powder pellets aboard the D/V Chikyu Mathieu Rospabé, Fatma Kourim, Akihiro Tamura, Eiichi Takazawa, Manolis Giampouras, Sayantani Chatterjee, Keisuke Ishii, Matthew J. Cooper, Marguerite Godard, Elliot Carter, Natsue Abe, Kyaw Moe, Damon A. H. Teagle, and Oman Drilling Project “ChikyuOman2018 Leg 3” ScienceTeam Sci. Dril., 30, 75–99, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-30-75-2022, 2022 During ChikyuOman2018 Leg3, we adapted a sample preparation and analytical procedure in order to analyse (ultra-)trace element concentrations using the D/V Chikyu on-board instrumentation. This dry (acid-free) and safe method has been developed for the determination of 37 elements (lowest reachable concentrations: 1–2 ppb) in igneous rocks from the oceanic lithosphere and could be adapted to other materials and/or chemicals of interest in the course of future ocean drilling operations. PubDate: Fri, 25 Feb 2022 14:06:57 +010 DOI: 10.5194/sd-30-75-2022 2022
Abstract: Comparison of sediment composition by smear slides to quantitative shipboard data: a case study on the utility of smear slide percent estimates, IODP Expedition 353, northern Indian Ocean Stephen C. Phillips and Kate Littler Sci. Dril., 30, 59–74, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-30-59-2022, 2022 Smear slides are a method of estimating sediment composition that is widely used as part of scientific drilling expeditions. These estimates are frequently used to classify sediments but are often not used in further analysis. We show that smear slide estimates, even if not highly accurate, track well with downcore physical property and elemental analyses. This work gives confidence in smear slide estimates in characterizing trends and cycles in sediment composition. PubDate: Fri, 25 Feb 2022 14:06:57 +010 DOI: 10.5194/sd-30-59-2022 2022
Abstract: COSC-2 – drilling the basal décollement and underlying margin of palaeocontinent Baltica in the Paleozoic Caledonide Orogen of Scandinavia Henning Lorenz, Jan-Erik Rosberg, Christopher Juhlin, Iwona Klonowska, Rodolphe Lescoutre, George Westmeijer, Bjarne S. G. Almqvist, Mark Anderson, Stefan Bertilsson, Mark Dopson, Jens Kallmeyer, Jochem Kück, Oliver Lehnert, Luca Menegon, Christophe Pascal, Simon Rejkjær, and Nick N. W. Roberts Sci. Dril., 30, 43–57, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-30-43-2022, 2022 The Collisional Orogeny in the Scandinavian Caledonides project provides insights into the deep structure and bedrock of a ca. 400 Ma old major orogen to study deformation processes that are hidden at depth from direct access in modern mountain belts. This paper describes the successful operations at the second site. It provides an overview of the retrieved geological section that differs from the expected and summarises the scientific potential of the accomplished data sets and drill core. PubDate: Fri, 25 Feb 2022 14:06:57 +010 DOI: 10.5194/sd-30-43-2022 2022
Abstract: From glacial erosion to basin overfill: a 240 m-thick overdeepening–fill sequence in Bern, Switzerland Michael A. Schwenk, Patrick Schläfli, Dimitri Bandou, Natacha Gribenski, Guilhem A. Douillet, and Fritz Schlunegger Sci. Dril., 30, 17–42, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-30-17-2022, 2022 A scientific drilling was conducted into a bedrock trough (overdeepening) in Bern-Bümpliz (Switzerland) in an effort to advance the knowledge of the Quaternary prior to 150 000 years ago. We encountered a 208.5 m-thick succession of loose sediments (gravel, sand and mud) in the retrieved core and identified two major sedimentary sequences (A: lower, B: upper). The sedimentary suite records two glacial advances and the subsequent filling of a lake sometime between 300 000 and 200 000 years ago. PubDate: Fri, 25 Feb 2022 14:06:57 +010 DOI: 10.5194/sd-30-17-2022 2022
Abstract: 60 years of scientific deep drilling in Colombia: the north Andean guide to the Quaternary Henry Hooghiemstra, Gustavo Sarmiento Pérez, Vladimir Torres Torres, Juan-Carlos Berrío, Lucas Lourens, and Suzette G. A. Flantua Sci. Dril., 30, 1–15, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-30-1-2022, 2022 This is a brief overview of long continental fossil pollen records globally in relationship with marine records. Specifically, the Northern Andes is a key area in developing and testing hypotheses in the fields of ecology, paleobiogeography, and climate change in tropical regions. We review 60 years of deep drilling experience in this region that have led to landmark records. We also highlight the early development of long continental pollen records from unique, deep, sediment-filled basins. PubDate: Fri, 25 Feb 2022 14:06:57 +010 DOI: 10.5194/sd-30-1-2022 2022
Abstract: Workshop report: Exploring deep oceanic crust off Hawai`i Susumu Umino, Gregory F. Moore, Brian Boston, Rosalind Coggon, Laura Crispini, Steven D'Hondt, Michael O. Garcia, Takeshi Hanyu, Frieder Klein, Nobukazu Seama, Damon A. H. Teagle, Masako Tominaga, Mikiya Yamashita, Michelle Harris, Benoit Ildefonse, Ikuo Katayama, Yuki Kusano, Yohey Suzuki, Elizabeth Trembath-Reichert, Yasuhiro Yamada, Natsue Abe, Nan Xiao, and Fumio Inagaki Sci. Dril., 29, 69–82, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-29-69-2021, 2021 For more than half a century, exploring a complete sequence of the oceanic crust from the seafloor through the Mohorovičić discontinuity (Moho) and into the uppermost mantle has been one of the most challenging missions of scientific ocean drilling. Such a scientific and technological achievement would provide humankind with profound insights into the largest realm of our planet and expand our fundamental understanding of Earth's deep interior and its geodynamic behavior. The formation of new oceanic crust at mid-ocean ridges and its subsequent aging over millions of years, leading to subduction, arc volcanism, and recycling of some components into the mantle, comprise the dominant geological cycle of matter and energy on Earth. Although previous scientific ocean drilling has cored some drill holes into old (> 110 Ma) and young ( PubDate: Mon, 26 Apr 2021 03:52:37 +020 DOI: 10.5194/sd-29-69-2021 2021
Abstract: Tools for pressure core sub-coring and pore-scale micro-CT (computed tomography) scans Yongkoo Seol, Liang Lei, Karl Jarvis, Daniel Hill, Jeong-Hoon Choi, Taehyung Park, Xuerui Gai, Greg Wunderlich, Bill Grey, and Chris McArdle Sci. Dril., 29, 59–67, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-29-59-2021, 2021 The pore habits of gas hydrate in natural sediment matrices provide essential clues for understanding physical (mechanical, thermal, hydraulic, and electrical) properties of hydrate-bearing sediments, yet there are no tools that can directly visualize the pore habits of natural gas hydrate other than indirect interpretation based on core-scale or field-scale observations. A significant challenge is to obtain a mini-core from pressure cores retrieved from natural reservoirs for high-resolution micro-CT (computed tomography) scans while maintaining pressure and temperature conditions required for stability of gas hydrate during all operational steps including manipulation, cutting, transferring, sub-coring and CT scanning. We present a new set of tools for pore-scale micro-CT imaging of natural hydrate-bearing sediments while maintaining pressure and temperature control. The tests with laboratory-prepared cores and pressure cores successfully demonstrate the capability of this set of tools to subsample a mini-core from pressure cores, transfer the mini-core to an X-ray transparent core holder, and conduct micro-CT scans. Successfully obtained CT images prove the functionality of this set of tools. PubDate: Mon, 26 Apr 2021 03:52:37 +020 DOI: 10.5194/sd-29-59-2021 2021
Abstract: Potential microbial contamination from drilling lubricants into subseafloor rock cores H. Lizethe Pendleton, Katrina I. Twing, Shahrzad Motamedi, and William J. Brazelton Sci. Dril., 29, 49–57, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-29-49-2021, 2021 International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 357: “Serpentinization and Life” drilled shallow cores into the Atlantis Massif near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge in October 2015 using seabed drills. Serpentinization and other geochemical processes occurring within the Atlantis Massif release hydrogen, methane, and other chemicals that can potentially fuel microorganisms through chemosynthesis. The subseafloor rock cores collected during IODP Exp. 357 are the first of their kind, meaning the analysis and interpretation of these samples required new methodologies, including a specialized approach for distinguishing endemic subsurface inhabitants from potential contaminants from various sources. Background samples of various potential contamination sources were collected during sampling: 109 samples of seawater collected before, during, and after drilling; 20 samples of greases and oils associated with the drilling equipment; and samples of the laboratory's ambient air. Despite the widespread usage of drilling lubricants and the importance of controlling contamination in drill-core samples for microbiological analyses, no studies to date have looked at DNA in drilling greases and oils. In this study, drilling lubricants were analyzed as possible sources of microbial contamination of subseafloor rock core samples by environmental sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. We find that microbial signatures from drilling lubricants are only found in low abundance in seafloor samples (at most a few percent of total sequence counts), with laboratory contaminants being a greater source of contamination. PubDate: Mon, 26 Apr 2021 03:52:37 +020 DOI: 10.5194/sd-29-49-2021 2021
Abstract: New geophysical memory-logging system for highly unstable and inclined scientific exploration drilling Jochem Kück, Marco Groh, Martin Töpfer, Andreas Jurczyk, and Ulrich Harms Sci. Dril., 29, 39–48, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-29-39-2021, 2021 New cable-free borehole memory sondes allow measurements in boreholes with very unstable walls, which is common, e.g., in soft sediments below lakes. The drill-pipe-mounted memory sondes can pass through narrowed zones. While being pulled up by the drill pipes, they measure natural radioactivity, velocity of sound, electrical conductivity, magnetizability, and the temperature of the borehole rocks. We describe the memory sondes and appendant depth devices, both tested in thorough field tests. PubDate: Mon, 26 Apr 2021 03:52:37 +020 DOI: 10.5194/sd-29-39-2021 2021
Abstract: Composite development and stratigraphy of the Onepoto maar lake sediment sequence (Auckland Volcanic Field, New Zealand) Benjamin Läuchli, Paul Christian Augustinus, Leonie Peti, and Jenni Louise Hopkins Sci. Dril., 29, 19–37, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-29-19-2021, 2021 Auckland Volcanic Field maar lake sediments exhibit enormous potential for the identification and interpretation of short-duration climate events and long-term climate trends as well as intra- and inter-hemispheric climate. In tandem with ongoing work on Orakei maar, the study of Onepoto maar lake sediments will extend this record by providing high-resolution palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions spanning the last two glacial cycles. PubDate: Mon, 26 Apr 2021 03:52:37 +020 DOI: 10.5194/sd-29-19-2021 2021
Abstract: Drilling the Aptian–Albian of the Sergipe–Alagoas Basin, Brazil: paleobiogeographic and paleoceanographic studies in the South Atlantic Gerson Fauth, Mauro Daniel Rodrigues Bruno, Jorge Villegas-Martín, Jairo Francisco Savian, Rodrigo do Monte Guerra, Guilherme Krahl, Francisco Henrique de Oliveira Lima, Oscar Strohschoen Jr., Raquel Gewehr de Mello, Fernando Marcanth Lopes, Carolina Gonçalves Leandro, and Eduardo da Silva Aguiar Sci. Dril., 29, 1–17, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-29-1-2021, 2021 This paper gives an overview, preliminary results, and perspectives of a drilling project in northeastern Brazil. It presents a promising new record of mid-Cretaceous rocks from the South Atlantic Ocean, which may have registered significant geologic events that affected the distribution of marine ecosystems, as well as major paleoclimatic events. It is also important to assess if a correlation exists between the biotic assemblages of the South Atlantic Ocean and the Tethys Sea. PubDate: Mon, 26 Apr 2021 03:52:37 +020 DOI: 10.5194/sd-29-1-2021 2021
Abstract: Report on ICDP Deep Dust workshops: probing continental climate of the late Paleozoic icehouse–greenhouse transition and beyond Gerilyn S. Soreghan, Laurent Beccaletto, Kathleen C. Benison, Sylvie Bourquin, Georg Feulner, Natsuko Hamamura, Michael Hamilton, Nicholas G. Heavens, Linda Hinnov, Adam Huttenlocker, Cindy Looy, Lily S. Pfeifer, Stephane Pochat, Mehrdad Sardar Abadi, James Zambito, and the Deep Dust workshop participants Sci. Dril., 28, 93–112, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-28-93-2020, 2020 The events of the Permian — the orogenies, biospheric turnovers, icehouse and greenhouse antitheses, and Mars-analog lithofacies — boggle the imagination and present us with great opportunities to explore Earth system behavior. Here we outline results of workshops to propose continuous coring of continental Permian sections in western (Anadarko Basin) and eastern (Paris Basin) equatorial Pangaea to retrieve continental records spanning 50 Myr of Earth's history. PubDate: Tue, 01 Dec 2020 03:52:37 +010 DOI: 10.5194/sd-28-93-2020 2020
Abstract: Borehole research in New York State can advance utilization of low-enthalpy geothermal energy, management of potential risks, and understanding of deep sedimentary and crystalline geologic systems Teresa Jordan, Patrick Fulton, Jefferson Tester, David Bruhn, Hiroshi Asanuma, Ulrich Harms, Chaoyi Wang, Doug Schmitt, Philip J. Vardon, Hannes Hofmann, Tom Pasquini, Jared Smith, and the workshop participants Sci. Dril., 28, 75–91, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-28-75-2020, 2020 A scientific borehole planning workshop sponsored by the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program convened in early 2020 at Cornell University in the NE United States. Cornell plans drilling to test the potential to use geothermal heat from depths of 2700–4500 m and rock temperatures of 60 to 120 °C to heat its campus. The workshop focused on designing companion scientific projects to investigate the coupled thermal–chemical–hydrological–mechanical workings of continental crust. PubDate: Tue, 01 Dec 2020 03:52:37 +010 DOI: 10.5194/sd-28-75-2020 2020
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