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Polymers from Renewable Resources
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Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
ISSN (Print) 2041-2479 - ISSN (Online) 2045-1377
Published by Sage Publications

[1174 journals]

Recent developments of Madhuca indica (Mahua) oil-based polymers: A mini
review
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  Authors: Vikash M Ganvit, Rakesh K Sharma
  Abstract: Polymers from Renewable Resources, Ahead of Print.
  Nowadays, the use of non-edible vegetable oils as the raw material for polymer development is growing in interest because of the scarcity and high demand for crude oil and also because of its eco-friendly approach. The utilization of non-edible oil to synthesize the applicable polymers reduces the usage of petrochemicals. To eliminate the reliance on petrochemicals, it is important to search for and extract alternate and domestic non-edible oils suitable for the synthesis of polymeric materials. This is now a promising research approach. The outstanding feature of indigenous, non-edible Madhuca indica oil (MO) is its chemical structure, with unsaturated sites and esters that are considerable ingredient polyols for the development of polymers. This review discusses the origin, structure and extraction of MO and systematically focuses on the recently developed polymers using oil as a renewable source of polyols. We have briefly reviewed MO-based polymeric materials such as alkyd resins like pentaalkyds for scratch resistance, glycerol alkyds for fly-ash coating, pentalkyd LC resins for display coating applications and epoxies of MO for biological coating materials. Also, the important polyurethanes in the pathways of MO-based fatty amide are transformed into the polyetherimide polyols through a step-growth reaction with bisphenol-A or bisphenol derivatives, which again react with isocyanates to produce MO-based PU for excellent adhesion and coating applications. Another type of waterborne polyurethane is made from polyesteramides. These PU coatings are used in the paint and pigment industries. We reviewed their synthesis and widespread use in coatings and composites.
  Citation: Polymers from Renewable Resources
  PubDate: 2022-06-18T01:51:31Z
  DOI: 10.1177/20412479221109909
Miscibility effect of biodegradable aliphatic poly(butylene
succinate)/aromatic polycarbonate blends
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  Authors: Thandi P Gumede, Katekani Shingange, Pontsho Mbule, Bennie Motloung
  Abstract: Polymers from Renewable Resources, Ahead of Print.
  Biodegradable polymers are gaining attention for applications in drug delivery, tissue engineering, and wound management. Methods for enhancing their potential in these applications include blending biodegradable aliphatic polyester with other biodegradable aliphatic polyester and/or blending aliphatic polyesters with aromatic polyesters to form blends with unique properties. Herein, we report on the effect of a non-biodegradable aromatic polycarbonate (PC) on the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of biodegradable aliphatic polybutylene succinate (PBS). The PBS/PC blends contained 3, 13, and 27 wt% PC and were prepared by melt extrusion. The FTIR results revealed apparent compatibility between the two polymers. Even though the blends are compatible, the extent of miscibility depends on thermodynamics terms such as enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy. According to the SEM micrographs, adding 3 wt% PC resulted in a miscible polymer blend. Above this content, phase dispersion was observed. XRD results revealed peak shifts to higher angles and new peaks forming between 25 and 30°. This is related to the interaction between the components in the blends. The crystallinity was also improved at 3 wt% PC and this is consistent with the DSC results. TGA analysis indicated no improvement in the thermal stability of the blends. DMA revealed that at low PC content (3 wt%), there is a marked improvement in the elastic modulus. This study will benefit the field of Polymer Science because if one wants to prepare PBS/PC they will know that they perform optimally at low PC content.
  Citation: Polymers from Renewable Resources
  PubDate: 2022-06-17T09:14:04Z
  DOI: 10.1177/20412479221109912
Radiation induced biodegradable polymer blends for growth promotion of
corn plants
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  Authors: Afaf A Abdel Hakiem, Yasser K Abdel Moneam, Hossam M Said, Magdy MH Senna
  Abstract: Polymers from Renewable Resources, Ahead of Print.
  A series of polymer blends based on plasticized starch (PLST), poly(vinyl alcohol), alginic acid (AG), and chitosan (CS) were prepared by solution casting. The different blends were exposed to electron beam irradiation to different doses to form hydrogels. The blends before and after electron beam irradiation were characterized in terms of gel fraction (%), swelling in water (%), FTIR spectroscopic analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and rheological measurements. As a practical application in the field agriculture, the hydrogels were used as growth promotion of corn plants. The results showed that the gel fraction was increases by increasing the ratio of PVA in the blends and was decreased by the addition of AG or CS due to the occurrence of degradation. On the other hand, opposite results was found in swelling in water. The corn plant growth indicated an improvement in corn plant height in presence of CS or AG polymers in starch (PLST), poly(vinyl alcohol) blends also, more improvement in corn plant heights in case of blends modified with MgSO4.
  Citation: Polymers from Renewable Resources
  PubDate: 2022-06-10T06:36:51Z
  DOI: 10.1177/20412479221107486
Drug delivery systems based on renewable polymers: A conceptual short
review
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  Authors: Mohsen Khodadadi Yazdi, Karam Jabbour, S Mohammad Sajadi, Amin Esmaeili
  Abstract: Polymers from Renewable Resources, Ahead of Print.
  There are ever increasing concerns about environmental and health hazards of conventional synthetic polymers. These polymers are not sustainable because their production process relies on fossil-based feedstocks and energy sources. Economic benefits and beneficial physicochemical and mechanical properties have made synthetic polymers to be used in wide range of applications from packaging to biomedicine. On the other hand, modern chemistry has provided us with invaluable tools to make well-defined polymers with tailored properties which can be used in biomedical filed such as designing advanced drug delivery systems (DDSs). In fact, polymers are indispensable constituents of most of novel DDSs. However, sustainability concerns about raw materials and polymeric building blocks of such DDSs, remains unsolved. In addition, efficient and proper degradability of sustainable building blocks of DDSs is important for their clearance from human body. Accordingly, development of sustainable and biodegradable polymeric materials is highly demanding in development of sustainable DDSs. This perspective provides a general overview on sustainable polymers and highlights their potential applications in designing novel DDSs. Unsolved challenges and future prospects are discussed accompanied by offering potential solutions.
  Citation: Polymers from Renewable Resources
  PubDate: 2022-06-10T04:51:09Z
  DOI: 10.1177/20412479221107469
Characterization of groundnut shell powder as a potential reinforcement
for biocomposites
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  Authors: Mohammed Awwalu Usman, Ibrahim Momohjimoh, Abdulhafiz Onimisi Usman
  First page: 77
  Abstract: Polymers from Renewable Resources, Ahead of Print.
  Natural fibers are becoming the right candidate material as a substitute for glass fibers in the reinforcement of plastic polymers for various applications. The ease of their processing with minimal energy consumption and the quest to produce biodegradable plastics with lightweight has given natural fibers comparative advantages over synthetic fibers. In this study, groundnut shell powder (GSP) in different forms (untreated, sodium hydroxide treated and ash) were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to evaluate their possible utilization as reinforcement in polymers. GSP was treated with sodium hydroxide for 5 hrs and dried in vacuum for 24 hrs to obtain treated GSP while ash GSP was formed by heating GSP in the furnace at 600 °C for about 3 hrs. The results reveal that sodium hydroxide treatment was very effective in the breaking down of the hydrogen bond with a consequent reduction in the hydrophilicity of the GSP. This would promote GSP bonding with the hydrophobic polymer matrix in the development of natural fiber reinforced plastic polymer composite materials. Ash GSP was found to have the highest crystallinity among the three forms of GSP based on XRD results. Therefore, the result achieved in this work confirmed that treated and ash GSP fibers are good reinforcement material in the production of polymer composites, with the actual choice depending on end-use property requirements of the composite.
  Citation: Polymers from Renewable Resources
  PubDate: 2021-08-24T08:59:14Z
  DOI: 10.1177/20412479211008761
Poultry feather disulphide bond breakdown to enable bio-based polymer
production
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  Authors: Thomas McGauran, Nicholas Dunne, Beatrice M. Smyth, Eoin Cunningham, Matt Harris
  First page: 92
  Abstract: Polymers from Renewable Resources, Ahead of Print.
  With oil supplies, needed for plastic production, decreasing dramatically, there is a clear driver for alterative polymers from sustainable resources. Poultry feathers, containing ∼90% keratin, are one source of natural polymer with huge potential for biopolymer production. However, the presence of crosslinks, known as disulphide bonds, hinders processability. This paper reviews techniques to enable breakage of disulphide bonds through use of reduction agents (sodium sulphite and sodium sulphate) and hydrolysis. Samples were analysed using FTIR and DSC to quantify achievable bond breakage, effect on thermal properties and changes in protein concentration. A review on the effect of particle size on disulphide bond breakage was also conducted, along with quantifying the reformation of bonds post-processing. Finally, a bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay was used to quantify changes to soluble protein content, key to predicting if biopolymer formation can occur. The results showed a final disulphide bond breakage of between 48% and 67% was achievable using these techniques. It was also shown that disulphide bond content exhibited up to 60% bond reformation post treatment. These reductions in disulphide bonds increased the thermoplastic nature and apparent protein content. Despite achieving the highest bond breakage percentage, hydrolysis caused degradation of useful proteins, rendering the material unsuitable for biopolymer production. Results suggested that treatment with sodium sulphite (4.3% wt. of feathers) and use of a small particle size (0–100 µm), sufficiently altered the properties of raw feathers to enable feather biopolymer production.
  Citation: Polymers from Renewable Resources
  PubDate: 2021-04-19T07:28:24Z
  DOI: 10.1177/20412479211008746