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Tenside Surfactants Detergents
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.218  Citation Impact (citeScore): 1 Number of Followers: 2  Subscription journalISSN (Print) 0932-3414 Published by Carl Hanser Verlag GMBH and Co KG [5 journals] |
- Perspectives of using photodynamic therapy as antimicrobial therapy in
endodontics-
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Authors: Piatek; Dominika; Gerasymchuk, Yuriy; Korona-Glowniak, Izabela; Bachanek, Teresa; Malm, Anna; Lukowiak, Anna
Abstract:
In times of multidrug resistance of bacteria, photodynamic therapy (PDT) seems to be promising in many fields of medicine, including endodontics, especially in the case of previous failures of root canal treatment and periapical lesions formation. PDT is based on the use of a light source and photosensitizers (PSs). Irradiation caused by the appropriately selected wavelength of light initiates the formation of singlet oxygen and/or free radicals, which provides the antimicrobial activity responsible for effective disinfection. In this manuscript, we compare the findings from all available papers of authors who perform their research in vivo. Despite the fact that they conducted their research in various ways, the results obtained in the course of these studies indicated an effective antibacterial effect of PDT in endodontic treatment. The second part of our work focuses on the perspectives of finding the best PSs that are used in PDT method with great expectations for materials based on graphene oxide as those which are not only carriers but also factors influencing the increase in the efficiency of the particles attached to them.
PubDate: Fri, 01 Oct 2021 00:00:00 GMT-
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- Dissemination of blaOXA-48 like, blaNDM, blaKPC, blaIMP-1, blaVIM genes
among carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae
strains in Southeastern Turkey: first report of Klebsiella pneumoniae
co-producing blaOXA-48-like, blaVIM and blaIMP-1 genes-
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Authors: Alkan Bilik; Özge; Bayraktar, Mehmet; Özcan, Nida; Gül, Kadri; Akpolat, Nezahat
Abstract:
Introduction: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) cause serious and life-threatening infections with limited treatment options. The most common causes of carbapenem resistance are carbapenemases. We aimed to determine the most prevalent carbapenemase genes; blaNDM, blaKPC, blaIMP-1, blaVIM, blaOXA-48 like genes among Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli strains in the southeast region of Turkey.Methods: Eighty-nine isolates (74 K. pneumoniae, 15 E. coli) were included in the study. The isolates were found as carbapenem-resistant by BD Phoenix automated system and Kirby Bauer disk diffusion test. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by BD Phoenix automated system. Combination disc method (CDM) was also carried out as phenotypic method of carbapenemase detection. The presence of blaNDM, blaKPC, blaIMP-1, blaVIM and blaOXA-48-like genes were investigated by Xpert CARBA-R (Cepheid, USA) multiplex PCR commercial system.Results: Antibiotic resistance rates by Phoenix were 48.3 97.8, 80.9, 96.6, 93.3, 96.6, 97.8, 69.7 and 97.8% for amikacin, aztreonam, cefepime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole and piperacillin-tazobactam, respectively. The blaOXA-48-like gene was detected in 65 (73%); blaNDM gene in 4 (4.5%); co-production of blaOXA-48-like and blaNDM in 6 (6.7%); co-production of blaOXA-48-like, blaVIM and blaIMP-1 genes in 1(1.2%) isolate. None of the blaOXA-48-like, blaNDM, blaVIM, blaIMP-1, blaKPC genes were detected in 13 (14.6%) of the isolates. The sensitivity and specificity of CDM were calculated as 80 and 85% respectively.Conclusion: We detected blaOXA-48-like gene most frequently in our region. To our knowledge, this is the first report of K. pneumoniae-co-producing blaOXA-48-like, blaVIM and blaIMP-1 genes. The coexistence of these genes is alarming and causes both infection control and treatment problems. Effective infection control measures are essential to prevent the spread of antibiotic resistance.
PubDate: Fri, 01 Oct 2021 00:00:00 GMT-
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- Combinatorial treatment of sophoraflavanone G and rhein with ampicillin,
oxacillin, or oxytetracycline synergistically increased antibacterial
activity against oral bacteria-
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Authors: Kim; Daseul; Kim, Ki-young
Abstract:
Various antibacterial agents have been developed to prevent dental diseases but many oral bacteria have been come out with resistance. In this study, antibacterial activities of sophoraflavanone G and rhein were investigated against oral bacteria using the microdilution assay, the checkerboard assay, the growth curve assay, and the disc diffusion assay. Minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) values of sophoraflavanone G were 1.56 μg/ml against Streptococcus mutans and Fusobacterium nucleatum, 3.125 μg/ml against Streptococcus sobrinus and Actinomyces viscosus, and more than 100 μg/ml against Porphyromonas gingivalis after 24 h treatment, respectively. MIC values of rhein were 100 μg/ml against Strep. mutans and Strep. sobrinus, and 25 μg/ml against A. viscosus, F. nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis after 24 h treatment, respectively. As both of the compounds showed antibacterial activity, combined treatment was accomplished to know synergistic activity between sophoraflavanone G and rhein, and with commercially available antibacterial agents, such as ampicillin, oxacillin, and oxytetracycline. Sophoraflavanone G with rhein showed synergistic antibacterial activity [fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI)
PubDate: Fri, 01 Oct 2021 00:00:00 GMT-
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- In-vitro antifungal susceptibility of the genus Sporothrix and correlation
with treatment options for sporotrichosis: a systematic review-
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Authors: Koehler; Alessandra; Pagani, Danielle M.; da Silva Hellwig, Alessandra H.; Scroferneker, Maria L.
Abstract:
Sporotrichosis is an infection with global distribution caused by the dimorphic fungi of the genus Sporothrix, whose main pathogenic species include Sporothrix schenckii, Sporothrix brasiliensis, Sporothrix globosa, and Sporothrix luriei. Itraconazole and amphotericin B are the most used antifungals for the treatment. The aim of this review was to compile the in-vitro susceptibility data of Sporothrix spp. found in literature and correlate this data with the treatment guidelines for sporotrichosis. The systematic review was performed according to the Cochrane methodology and with PICOS (Participants, Intervention, Comparators, Outcomes, Study Design) strategy. Thirty-six studies were included that used the filamentous and/or the yeast phases to perform the susceptibility tests. Three studies that evaluated the association of antifungals using the checkerboard method were also included. The data found were, whenever possible, compared with the defined Epidemiological Cutoff Values (ECVs). Analyzing only the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values, the most effective antifungal in vitro was terbinafine. However, this is not the same result as observed in vivo. Both itraconazole and amphotericin B presented in-vitro activity. However, many studies have shown that isolates can acquire resistance mechanisms to these antifungals (MIC > ECV), which deserves attention. Further studies are needed to translate in-vitro susceptibility data into clinical practice, and also to determine ECVs for more antifungals and Sporothrix species.
PubDate: Fri, 01 Oct 2021 00:00:00 GMT-
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- A case of primary extragenital cutaneous gonorrhea involving the finger
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Authors: Schwerdt; Mary K.; Butala, Sudhir; Hinds, Elaine; Schron, Deborah; Berry, Gregory J.
Abstract: A case of primary extragenital cutaneous gonorrhea affecting the left middle finger of a 16-year-old female patient is presented. The patient denied a history of sexual activity and the only reported symptoms were finger pain and associated lymphangitis. Wound culture was obtained from an incision, and drainage procedure was performed at an emergency room of a community hospital. Laboratory diagnosis was made at a clinical microbiology laboratory using Gram stain, agar culture, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Concurrent blood cultures had no growth at 5 days. The patient was switched from Cephalexin and Trimethoprim-sulfamethoaxole to an appropriate regimen upon sensitivity testing. The patient was lost to follow-up, and it is unknown if the possibility of seeding mucosal infection, such as the pharynx, was investigated.
PubDate: Fri, 01 Oct 2021 00:00:00 GMT-
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- The role of plants and macrofungi as a source of novel antimicrobial
agents-
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Authors: Nelson; David W.; Millar, Beverley C.; Rao, Juluri R.; Moore, John E.
Abstract:
Antibiotic resistance presents a significant challenge to clinical, veterinary and plant health and is now recognized by the WHO as a major emerging problem of global significance. Recently, there has been a paucity of new antibiotics being developed, thus refocussing investigations into natural antimicrobials, especially from plants. Historically, plants have been a rich source of medicines, ranging from chemotherapeutic compounds, anti-inflammatories to antimicrobial agents, where such therapeutic activity has been recognized and exploited by traditional medicine in many countries, particularly in Asia. This review wishes to explore the substances in plants which are antimicrobial and to identify their broad spectrum of activity. In addition, the review discusses the ecological effects of overharvesting of medicinal plants and the consequences for species survival.
PubDate: Fri, 01 Oct 2021 00:00:00 GMT-
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- Multiple locus variable number tandem repeat analysis of Acinetobacter
baumannii strains isolated from human clinical and animal meat samples-
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Authors: Karimi; Sepideh; Momtaz, Hassan; Fazel, Nazanin
Abstract:
The current research was done to study the prevalence rate and molecular typing of Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from human and animal samples. One-hundred and seventy-four animal meat and 128 human clinical samples were collected and subjected to bacterial culture. A. baumannii isolates were confirmed using the Loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Approved strains were subjected to molecular typing using the multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis method. Forty-four out of 174 (25.28%) raw meat and 64 out of 128 (50%) human samples were positive for A. baumannii strains. Ovine meat (39.28%) and urine (56.06%) samples had the highest prevalence of A. baumannii strains. Eighteen human isolates were located in eight separate profiles, whereas 18 animal isolates were located in six separate profiles. The highest similarities were found between human-based A. baumannii isolates nos 6, 7 and 18 with isolates nos 5, 11, 13 and 15 (85.6% similarity). The highest similarities were found between animal-based A. baumannii isolates nos 10, 11 and 17 (99.8% similarity). From a total of 10 studied variable copy numbers of tandem repeats (VNTR) loci, 0845, 0826 and 3406 were detected in all animal-based A. baumannii isolates. Moreover, 3406 VNTR loci was only detected in all 18 human-based A. baumannii isolates. A. baumannii isolate no 17 (harbored all 10 VNTR loci) and A. baumannii isolates nos 6, 7 and 18 (harbored 9 VNTR loci) were the most pathogenic human and animal-based strains. Multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis was considered as an accurate and practical method for molecular typing of A. baumannii strains.
PubDate: Fri, 01 Oct 2021 00:00:00 GMT-
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- Coronavirus disease 2019: fundamentals, chronology and vaccine evolution
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Authors: Thirupathaiah; Yeruva; Chandel, Anuj Kumar
Abstract:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a novel coronavirus, which is recognized as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The recent pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is a concern of major public health emergency globally. The virus is highly contagious, enters through nasopharyngeal route into lungs and infects respiratory tracts and later disseminate to other organs in the body. If body immune response fails to eliminate or over responds to infection in affected persons, the condition turns to severe acute respiratory syndrome or pneumonia, multiple organ failure, septic shock and finally end-up with life in critical cases. Currently, there are no antiviral drugs available to eradicate the complete infection and the only treatment available to patients with critical illness is providing oxygen supply through ventilators along with few antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs to relieve from the symptoms. Recently developed COVID-19 vaccines are available to the public in several countries for protecting against SARS-CoV-2. Further, researchers are vigorously being focused on development of novel vaccines, recombinant interferons, monoclonal antibodies against virus, finding of antiviral drugs to block coronaviral specific structural proteins or multiplication in infected persons, drugs for suppression of over production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by the human body and disease mechanisms of virus. However, because of combined treatment strategies and reduced pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2, the current mortality rate has been reduced to less than 1--1.5% globally from 5 to 6% of initial COVID-19 pandemic. Unfortunately, sudden increase in number of cases in several countries and evolution of new pathogenic strains of SARS-CoV-2 variants from existing strains make another challenging task both for public and scientific communities. Hence, public health officials are recommending public to continue social distancing, avoid contact with infected persons, isolation and quarantine of exposed persons till COVID-19 prevention is under control.
PubDate: Fri, 01 Oct 2021 00:00:00 GMT-
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