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Journal of Polymer & Composites
Number of Followers: 17

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ISSN (Print) 2321-8525 - ISSN (Online) 2321-2810
Published by STM Journals

[66 journals]

Mechanical Performance Degradation of Naturally Aged Nitrile Butadiene
Rubber in Low Frequency Range
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  Authors: Syam Prasad Ammineni; Ch. Nagaraju, D. Linga Raju
  Abstract: For good mechanical design, damping is often still an invisible requirement. Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR) has a wide range of applications as a damping and sealing material. To offer the long-term service of NBR, it is important to estimate the degradation of modal properties under complex mechanical and environmental loading. The present work aims to correlate the experimental data with generalized higher-order Maxwell models and curve fitting techniques to find the damping characteristics of NBR in low-frequency ranges with age. Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR) is assumed to be homogeneous and isotropic, and it is allowed to age naturally in the oxidative environment with no load. Mechanical tests are performed to find hardness, true stress-strain behavior, and failure stress of virgin NBR and the naturally aged NBR. Deterioration of damping ability of NBR is studied by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) tests to relate the complex properties of naturally aged material at an operating temperature of 40˚C, with virgin material in the frequency domain. The developed curve fitting techniques are well acceptable with experimental data and higher-order maxwell models. Relaxation modulus in shear mode is calculated for virgin and aged NBR. Based on experimental results, it has been observed that the Mechanical properties, such as yield strength, tensile strength, Elastic modulus are deteriorated with natural oxidative aging. Modal properties of NBR namely storage modulus by 52%, loss modulus by 66%, loss factor by 31%, relaxation modulus by 43.9%, and damping coefficient by 31.25%, as well as damping ability has deteriorated with age.
  PubDate: Thu, 21 Apr 2022 11:03:23 +000
Synthesis of PANI/RGO/NiCrO Nanocomposite Material for Charge Storage
Application
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  Authors: Ritu Dubey; Pukhrambam Dipak, Anuradha Samadhiya, Dinesh Chandra Tiwari, Radha Tomar
  Abstract: PANI/RGO/NiCrO nanocomposite is synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline and Nickel-Chromium Oxide (NiCrO). The prepared PANI/RGO/NiCrO nanocomposite exhibited high specific capacitance of 800 F/g at the scan rate of 5 mV/s, high power density of 1399.44 Wkg-1 and high energy density of 70 Whkg-1. The as-prepared polymer nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) to study crystallinity, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to know the functional groups, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for internal morphology and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for thermal stability. The electrochemical performances of the sample are measured in aqueous H2SO4 electrolyte. The outstanding electrochemical properties suggest that the PANI/RGO/NiCrO nanocomposite is a promising material for supercapacitor application.
  PubDate: Thu, 21 Apr 2022 10:38:01 +000
Synthesis and formability of Al/(Fe-Mn) particulate compositeusing stir
casting
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  Authors: Susarla Venkata Ananta Rama Sastry; I. Sudhakar, V.S.N. Venkata Ramana
  Abstract: Demand for lightweight and fuel economy by automotive and aircraft industries focuses to explore different materials. Alloys and composites developed with same objective to obtain superior desired mechanical properties compatible for such intended applications. However, alloy consider as solid solutions with metallic properties and cannot mix with primary major element in random proportions. This forced researcher community to develop composites, which are heterogeneous solid solutions or multi-phase materials comprising matrix and reinforcement.Aluminium being lighter, cheaper and abundant material compared to others, present investigation aimed at using this as matrix material. In addition to it, stir casting processing technique (less expensive) used for introducing ferromanganese (5% & 10%) into aluminium matrix. Optical microscopic analysis of processed composites reveals non-agglomeration and uniform distribution of Fe-Mn in the aluminium matrix. Mechanical testing performed on composites to find strength, toughness and hardness. Outcomes of these tests shows enhancement of both strength and hardness compared to parent aluminium matrix while as toughness reduced. Open die forging carried out in between temperature 4000C and 5500C to establish suitable forming temperature for composites. Composite1 (5% Fe Mn) forged for higher extent of deformation compared to Composite 2(10% Fe Mn) at same forging temperatures. Similarly, for same forging temperature load carrying capacity found to be higher for Composite 1 compared to Composite 2. This accounted due to the availability of higher extent of softer matrix phase near reinforced particles. Increasing forging temperature of compositesexhibit brittleness and initiates crack at earlier stage of forming.Thus, it is suitable to do forging at lower temperature especially for both composites to take the advantage of attaining higher deformations.
  PubDate: Thu, 21 Apr 2022 09:45:11 +000
Developments in Functional PVC and Its Composites
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  Authors: Saurabh Tiwari; Virendrakumar Gupta
  Abstract: The main aim of this review study is to summarise the progress and recent modifications in the area of functionalised PVC including chlorinated PVC, PVC copolymers and their composite developments. Functionalized PVC and its copolymers shown very good improved properties which enhanced the PVC application domain as compare to other polymers. Due to the higher chlorine content polyvinyl chloride (PVC) shows higher mechanical and fire-resistive properties which are suitable for building construction materials. PVC is also very good for piping, electrical and several other applications including the medical and toy sector. Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) synthesis by different methods and the dependence of chlorine content on different reaction parameters are well established and studied in detail. Functional PVC and PVC copolymer and their related composites are very essential functional materials as they depict excellent performance in terms of mechanical properties, ease of processing, dispersion phenomenon and high thermal properties. Due to these behaviours modified PVC materials have opened a new and improved applications and opportunities in various areas like medical, sports, packaging and building constructions. Composite products based on functionalized PVC is also taken the interest of industries and researchers. Functionalized PVC composite products show better performance and structural stability. These functionalized PVC composites give better compatibility or miscibility with other polymers which also open new opportunities to make different products for various new applications. These functionalized polymers can also be utilized to avoid or reduce the mixing of different plasticizers during the processing of PVC based composite or blending formulations.
  PubDate: Thu, 21 Apr 2022 09:24:33 +000
An Optimize Formulation to Synthesis of size Controlled Hydrophobic Starch
Acetate Nanoparticles using Box-Behnken Design
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  Authors: Gaurang Rami; Nayak Tanvi, Jabali Vora
  Abstract: The best way to improve the overall performance of native starch is by chemical modification. In recent years, hydrophobically modified starch has attracted considerable attention for the design and manufacture of novel nanoparticulate drug delivery carriers. The purpose of this research was to synthesize hydrophobic starch nanoparticles (NPs) and to optimize process factors through the use of response surface methodology (RSM). The corn starch acetate (CSA) NPs was synthesized using an ultrasonic emulsification solvent evaporation process. The Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to investigate the effect of process factors on particle size and polydispersity index (PDI) including polymer concentration (A), sonication energy (B) and sonication time (C). For the correlation of the dependent and independent variables, we used mathematical equations and response surface graphs. The predicted minimized particle size (155 nm; 0.132 PDI) under the optimum conditions of the process variables (5mg/ml (A), 100kcal (B) and 30min (C)) were very close to the experimental value (161nm and 0.136 PDI) determined in the batch experiment. XRD analysis revealed that the A-type pattern of corn starch (CS) was completely replaced by the V-type pattern of CSA. The CSA and CSA NPs more thermally stable than the CS were confirmed by TGA analysis. From FE-SEM analysis, the polygonal shape of the CS was changed into a beehive-like structure with uniform porosity and the CSA NPs were seen as uniformly distributed spherically shaped NPs. In pharmaceutical formulation concerns, BBD is an effective design because it permits exploration and selection of the optimal composition with the least number of experiments to achieve a specific goal.
  PubDate: Thu, 21 Apr 2022 08:50:57 +000
Influence of Bi2O3 on Physical, Optical and gamma radiation Properties of
BaO-Bi2O3-B2O3-CuO and BaO-Bi2O3-B2O3-Fe2O3 glasses
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  Authors: Sydala Sulochana; Ashok Bhogi, B. M. Pratima, Md. Shareefuddin, D. K. Gaikwad, Puram Kistaiah
  Abstract: In this present work glasses with chemical composition 30BaO-XBi2O3-(69-X)B2O3-1CuO and 30BaO-XBi2O3-(69-X)B2O3-1Fe2O3 (X = 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mole%) have been prepared and labeled as BBBC and BBBF series, respectively. Traditional quenching method was employed for making these samples. XRD diffractograms confirmed that the materials were amorphous. Physical, optical and structural properties were studied with the influence of Bi2O3 concentration. The density of both BBBC and BBBF series glasses increased with the increase in Bi2O3 concentration. With increasing Bi2O3 content, OPD falls but molar volume increases, implying that non-bridging oxygen’s develop and the glass expands. Tauc graphs were used to derive the indirect optical band gap energy as well as the Urbach energy. The indirect optical band gap (Eopt) in the current glass system reduced as the concentration of Bi2O3 increased. The XCOM software was used to examine experimentally established radiation shielding features including mass attenuation coefficients (MAC), half-value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP), and effective atomic number (Zeff). It is concluded that the gamma ray shielding properties of the glasses are increasing with the increase of Bi2O3 content in the glasses. The glass sample A6 with 0.627 cm thickness reduces the intensity of the incident gamma ray to 50% of its initial intensity, whereas A1 required 1.801 cm thickness. Hence the glass sample A6 has highest radiation shielding capacity than other samples.
  PubDate: Thu, 21 Apr 2022 07:29:20 +000
Role of Bimetallic (Ag-Cu) Nanoparticles on the Structural Properties of
PVA/PVP Blend Green Nanocomposites
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  Authors: Praveen Ramisetti; Madhukar Katakam, Veeraswamy Maragani, Suresh Kumar Danikonda, Bikshamaiah Nampally
  Abstract: This study reports the green synthesis of polymer blend nanocomposites of Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and Poly vinylpyrrolidone (PVP) embedded with Silver (Ag), Copper (Cu) mono metallic and Silver-Copper (Ag-Cu) bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs), generated using plant mediated solution casting method. The formation of blend, polymer-polymer interactions, interaction between polymer and nanoparticles and role of the nanoparticles on the interactions among PVA/PVP blend nanocomposites were studies by FTIR spectroscopy. The crystallinity of the prepared nanocomposites was studied by the XRD characterisation technique and it is observed that there is an increase in amorphous nature, which is due to the addition of nanoparticles into the base matrix. These green composites are suitable for various applications such as food, medical packaging and electronic industries.
  PubDate: Tue, 28 Dec 2021 09:06:58 +000
Role of GO and rGO on the Structural Properties of PA6/PMMA Blend
Nanocomposites
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  Authors: Srinivas Yekkala; Madhukar Katakam, Ramesh Suramoni, Mohan Babu Nandru
  Abstract: To understand and assess the role of Graphene Oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) in the PA6/PMMA blend, nanocomposites, the PA6/PMMA (50:50 wt%) blend-based nanocomposites were prepare by loading different wt% of GO and rGO (1wt% and 3wt%), through twin screw melt extrusion followed by injection moulding technique. Different compositions of the nanocomposites were prepared using melt mixed method at 2300C by applying a rotational torque 50 N. All the specimens were prepared as per the ISO/ASTM standards. The prepared specimens were stored in moisture free bags, until further use. In order to understand the role of GO and rGO on the structural properties the PA6/PMMA blend nanocomposites, the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopic studies were carried out. The FTIR studies confirm the occurrence of all the characteristic peaks pertaining to the functional groups of the composites. It was also observed from the FTIR spectra that interactions among the different functional groups of the GO and rGO and PA6/PMMA observed. The XRD analysis of nanocomposites revealed the complete exfoliation of the GO and rGO in the PA6/PMMA polymer matrix and uniform dispersion of nanofiller in the matrix. These developed nanocomposites are suitable for biomedical, environment, shielding, energy and gas sensing applications.
  PubDate: Tue, 28 Dec 2021 09:05:51 +000
An Approach on Optimization of Thermo Physical Properties of Teak Wood
Dust Filled Polymeric Composites
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  Authors: Ramesh Chandra Mohapatra
  Abstract: The aim of the present work was to prepare the specimens with the help of hand-lay-up technique to measure the thermal properties of TWDPC. The density & voids of TWDPC were measured to determine its physical property & significantly affected some of its mechanical properties. Taguchi experimental method was applied to optimize its thermal properties. The optimal factor combinations were determined with the help of ANOM & the analysis of variance (ANOVA) identified the level of importance on the parameters on each of the thermal properties. ANOM results showed that the contribution parameters for minimum value of thermal conductivity, linear thermal expansion & maximum value of specific heat capacity were B>C >A, A>C>B & C>A>B. From ANOVA results it was found that the volume fraction & the particle size of TWD has major influence for minimizing the thermal conductivity & linear thermal expansion, whereas the polymer resin was one of the best parameters to maximize the specific heat of TWDPC. Finally, it was concluded that TWDPC was one of the eco-friendly composites which can be used for various thermal applications.
  PubDate: Wed, 08 Dec 2021 11:56:57 +000
Influences of Silica Fume to Engineering Properties of High Volume Fly Ash
Concrete (HVFC)
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  Authors: Nguyen Hoc Thang; Le Van Quang
  Abstract: High volume fly ash concrete (HVFC) is one kind of the most promising concrete materials in the 21st century. HVFC has special properties such as high flowability, mechanical strength meets the requirements of contruction standards, low permeability, high durability, and others. Furthermore, HVFC is able to continuously develop strength during long time because the high activity alumina-silicates in the fly ash particles are dissolved slowly and prolong. Therefore, this study used fly ash (FA) and mineral additive of silica fume (SF) to replace a part of cement in concrete mixtures. The experimental results shown that FA can be completely used to replace up to 60% of cement (PC40) to fabricate HVFC. In addition, FA used in combination with SF to partially replace cement improved the workability of the HVFC fresh concret mixtures. The use of 60% FA to replace cement should be combined with 5 to 10% SF to produce HVFC with the highest compressive strength of 76.2 MPa after 90 days of curing. The morphologies and microstructure of HVFC product was characterized using SEM (scanning electron microscope) with evidences on dissolution and reaction of FA spherical particles to form the structures in HVFC matrix. This also explained for increase the strength of the concrete even if its mixture contains high FA. More significantly, this contributes an importance to the development and application HVFC in the construction industry in Vietnam. In addition, it is also good solution and great technical, economic and environmental significance that contributing to the goal of sustainable construction development not only in Vietnam but also all over the world.
  PubDate: Wed, 08 Dec 2021 11:46:22 +000
Studies on Mechanical, Optical, Barrier Properties and Characterization of
LDPE-PLA Blend Films with Micro Clay
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  Authors: S Soundararajan; D K Thirumalazhagan, S K Nayak
  Abstract: Low density poly ethylene (LDPE) and Poly lactic acid (PLA) in the ratio of 70:30 wt% were blended along with ethylene glycidyl meth acrylate (EGMA) as compatibilizer (2.5%), benzophenone as photodegradable additive (1%) and microclay (1,3,5%) as filler. Blending took place in a twin-screw extruder and then the resulting blend was processed into a film using blown film extrusion. Mechanical, optical, barrier and degradative properties of film were tested as per ASTM Standards. The sample with 5% microclay has better mechanical properties than samples with 1% and 3% microclay; however, the 5% sample also has lower luminous transmittance and higher haze. OTR and WVTR were lowered with the addition of clay. SEM shows that the microclay is distributed/dispersed well. The EGMA works as good reactive compatibilizer and hence uniform flow, uniform phase behaviour and uniform properties is obtained. Hence this LDPE-PLA blend is miscible one. LDPE-PLA blend with microclay will be photo /biodegradable in the presence of Benzophenone and PLA in the environment because LDPE in presence of benzophenone is photodegradable and PLA is biodegradable.
  PubDate: Wed, 08 Dec 2021 11:31:59 +000
Cubic B-splines for Isogeometric Analysis of Laminated Composite Plates
Subjected to Hygroscopic Loading Using Classical Laminated Plate Theory
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  Authors: K NV Chandrasekhar; V. Bhikshma, Madhusudhana Chary, Maduri Venkat Sai
  Abstract: Composite laminates are inevitably used in several engineering structures due to their high strength and stiffness to weight ratio. The laminates are subjected to change in moisture content and the flexural behavior leads to change in the strength. Presence of moisutre may induce residual stresses and strains. Isogeometric analysis is a well-proven method to perform analysis of laminated composite plates. The main focus of this study is to apply isogeometric analysis to determine the flexural response of a simply supported laminated plate having different lamina subjected to a change in moisture content of 1.5%. Classical laminated plate theory without including shear deformation is applied to thin plates in this study. Cubic b-splines were used to model the geometry of the plate. Four different cases of lamina, two symmetric cases which are 0/90/90/0 and 45/-45/-45/45 and two anti-symmetric cases of lamina which are 0/90/0/90 and 45/-45/45/-45 have been considered in this study. The bending characteristics of the thin plates which are deformed profile of the laminate along with the distribution of strain energy are shown. The maximum and minimum bending moment are calculated. The results obtained using isogeometric analysis are in good agreement with those results given in the literature obtained using finite element analysis performed with six node linear strain triangular elements.
  PubDate: Wed, 08 Dec 2021 10:56:05 +000
Predicting Rate Equation for the Synthesis of Octadec-9-Enoic Acid Methyl
Esters by the Methanolysis of Pongamia Pinnata Triglycerides Using Sono
Reactor
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  Authors: Susarla Venkata Ananta Rama Sastry
  Abstract: In the present work, octadec-9-enoic acid methyl esters are synthesized from pongamia pinnata oil using methanolysis in sono reactor. The rate equation is predicted for the methanolysis reaction. The produced methyl esters from pongamia pinnata oil confirmed to ASTM D6751 standards. Fourier Transform Infrared Analysis and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry were used to characterise the methyl esters. The rate is dependent greatly on methanol concentration, and then on catalyst concentration and very slightly on temperature. The effect of temperature and catalyst concentration on rate is very less, so the rate can be approximated to a first-order reaction.
  PubDate: Tue, 07 Dec 2021 10:41:29 +000
Thermally Trigged Self-Healing Smart Shape Memory Polymer Composite
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  Authors: Krishan Kumar Patel; Harishchandra Patel, Pankaj Pandey, Jitendra Pandey, T. Rajasanthosh Kumar, Rakesh Singh
  Abstract: Temperature-responsive self-actuating PU/MWCNTs composites were prepared with micro-compounder through in-situ polymerization. For making of 1CNTPU composite sample 1 part per hundred multiwall Carbone nanotubes (MWCNTs) were reinforced into the neat polyurethane (PU) base matrix. Surface characterizations for pure and composite have studying by using Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), high resolutions Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Properties like shape recovery, storage modulus, loss modulus, tensile stress, degree of hardness, and flexural stress were significantly enhanced for 1CNTPUdesignation composite sample. Temperature-responsive shape recoverable tests have exhibited by using excellent-quality Infrared (IR) Thermal Imager. Shape memorised polymer composite has using various self-actuating, sensor and actuators, and remote sensing smart devices nowadays. Shape memory and mechanical properties both were studied and it was found that, for composite sample the properties is superior as comparatively neat polyurethane sample. Shape memory properties like Storage modulus, loss modulus, and shape recovery also improved for composite sample. The 99% thermal shape recovery within 60 seconds was observed for 1 CNTPU sample whereas, only 70% shape recovery within 60 seconds for pure polyurethane sample. the glass transition temperature also influence by the crystallinity nature of reinforced particles in neat polyurethane matrix. Glass transition (Tg) temperature has improved due to the reinforcement of 1 phr multiwall CNTs in the pure PUs matrix which increase the crystallinity nature of composite sample and reduces the amorphous nature.
  PubDate: Tue, 02 Nov 2021 11:52:01 +000
Assessment on the Physical Characteristics of Polymer Materials for
Additive Layer Manufacturing Processes
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  Authors: Rohit Pandey; Hardik B. Ramani
  Abstract: Polymer materials have the capacity to morph into a soft form and flow when heated, then return to their original hardness when cooled, making them excellent for heat fabrication procedures. Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) is a high-grade polymer with exceptional mechanical qualities and heat resistance that is commonly used in aircraft and vehicle manufacture. These polymers are mixed with other materials to create alloys, which are primarily used in the production and fabrication of high-performance engineering thermoplastics. Additive layer manufacturing technologies based on polymer composites have been widely employed in 3D printing for decades. The effect of numerous processing parameters involved in ALM procedures such as FDM of polymer-fibre composites for improved physical and mechanical properties was highlighted in the assessment of polymer materials. This paper also briefly discusses the physical features of FDM-based ALM processes and fibre composites. As a result, the research article provides a systematic study enabling researchers in the relevant engineering sector to evaluate the physical properties of fibre-reinforced polymeric composites created using ALM.
  PubDate: Wed, 29 Sep 2021 07:23:15 +000
Surface Engineering of Materials: A Review Based on Applications
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  Authors: Dipankar Pal; Sai Rohith Muvva, Sunkari Satya Prasanth, A V Sridhar
  Abstract: Surface characteristics of material play an important role for various applications. Like, there are many applications of the polymeric membranes in the fields of biomedical, filtration, food processing from the past few decades. But various problems have been faced in their applications due to bacterial and non-bacterial contamination on the surfaces. Many researchers have investigated the surface chemistry and roughness of the membranes to identify their properties and the difficulties that are faced during different applications. Various kinds of modifications like plasma treatment, grafting have been initiated for surface treatment of polymeric membranes. Ceramic surfaces have their applications mostly the field of biomedical, filtration, water and wastewater processing because of their good chemical character, high mechanical strength, less or no deformation under application of high pressures and also possess strong antimicrobial due to which it is suitable for medical and biomedical engineering. But due to the disadvantages these surfaces possess mainly due to the excessive fouling, incompatibility with alkali and their brittleness they undergo surface modifications like vapor decompositions of oxides, graft polymerization or surface coating by inorganic molecules. Metallic surfaces are widely used in the applications of gas separation, ultra and nanofiltration, wastewater treatment due to their higher chemical, mechanical and thermal resistances. However, they face some challenges like surface poisoning, corrosion and larger pores sizes which can be overcome by their surface modifications by various methods such as chemical vapor deposition, electrocatalysis and many other applications. Although the modifications are not permanent, in most of the cases after the modifications the membrane surfaces have shown better efficiencies in various applications like gas separations, wastewater treatments etc. This review paper gives a comprehensive idea regarding the modifications and surface properties of the membranes which are changing during their respective applications
  PubDate: Mon, 13 Sep 2021 10:42:40 +000
A Review on Biodegradability of Different Synthetic Vinyl Polymer
Composite Blends
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  Authors: Ajay Singh; Uma Goswami
  Abstract: The last few decades witnessed rapid rise in usage of polymers because of their growing demands in different industries. Mostly, non-biodegradable polymers form the larger proportion and there persistent usage leads to accumulation of hazardous chemicals in the environment. Therefore, to meet the demands, biodegradable polymers, polymers need to induced, designed and further modified to reduce generation of harmful byproducts. As synthetic polymers are durable than the natural polymers emerging technique of "blending" different biodegradable polymers is solving the problem. Present article is focused on creating polymer blends with different properties and summary of all related research work done by researcher on polymer composites using various vinyl polymers including PVA, PVP, HDPE PEG etc. This review aims to present the status of research progress on degradation of various vinyl- polymer blends with biological & photolytic degradation
  PubDate: Tue, 31 Aug 2021 00:00:00 +000
Competency of Natural Fiber Based Eco-Friendly Friction Lining Composites
Over the Conventional Friction Material
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  Authors: Sandip. S. Shirsath; R. N. Yerrawar
  Abstract: The Braking system is important system of automobiles and is responsible for providing better performance and safety. A Millions of automobiles are frequently decelerated and stopped at heavy traffic zone. Overall performance of vehicle braking system depends on braking conditions and brake material. All friction based application releases wear products; either gaseous form or particulate matter form and braking system is prime source of non exhaust particulate matter emission. The Friction lining material is composed of various ingredients and its selection is based on experimental trials and fundamental understanding. The number of ingredients decided to achieve best braking performance at different working environments and loading conditions, in terms of the wear rate, friction level and noise level, At present, braking system facing technical challenges related to thermal stability, fade, abnormal noise, wear rate & environmental issues with existing semi metallic, low metallic material and asbestos based friction material. The present work aims to explore the influence of non exhaust particulate matter on human health; environment and focuses on featured eco-friendly friction lining composite materials (FLM) prepared from organic farm waste with desired percentage. This helps to understand the depth of natural fiber in FLM tested with best possible combinations and this found effective through comparative studies. It helps in reducing the load of natural waste disposal and reduces toxic elements at source.
  PubDate: Tue, 31 Aug 2021 00:00:00 +000
Tribological Behaviour of En 31 Bearing Steel Against Altin, Alcrn and Crn
Coated High Speed Steel
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  Authors: Mahesh Bhandare; Kirankumar Jagtap
  Abstract: Mechanical parts like bearing in modern machining systems are often subjected to wear and friction causing high heat generation at the interacting zones leading to reduced lifecycle and increased energy consumption of machinery. In this investigation friction and wear characteristics of bearing material EN31 steel against the CrN, AlCrN and AlTiN deposited on high speed steel as counter material is presented. Tribological tests are conducted on a pin on disc tribometer for different combinations of loads, speeds and sliding distances as per L9(34) orthogonal array in dry environment. From the results it is found that tribological characteristics are mainly influenced by Load and speed. Also it is noted that wear rate of contact zone of EN31 with counter material goes on increasing as counter material hardness decreases. Minimum wear for EN31 is found with AlCrN coating. Coefficient of Friction for EN31 steel has been found more for bare HSS then it goes on decreasing as counter material hardness increases. Highest values of tribological characteristics are noted for EN31 steel against uncoated HSS counter material. Machining of composite materials is difficult to carry out due to the reinforcement of highly abrasive constituents in polymer matrix and also because of non-homogeneous and anisotropic structural arrangement of composites. Through this research authors suggested the low cost solution of surface coating on composite machining tools for enhancing the tool life.
  PubDate: Tue, 31 Aug 2021 00:00:00 +000
An Approach to Mathematical Modelling of Tensile Strength of 3D Printed
ABS Specimens
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  Authors: Kaushik V. Prasad; Adarsha H, Deepak J, Ranganatha Swamy M K
  Abstract: In the present work the tensile properties of 3D printed Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) are studied. Layer thickness, raster angle and raster width were varied. Experiments were carried out based on Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array. Tensile strength of ABS specimens was determined from universal testing machine (UTM). Mathematical model was developed to predict the tensile strength of ABS. It is found that the predicted model has good fit with experimental values. A performance parameter of 0.994 is reported. Also, it is observed that increasing layer thickness results in lower tensile strength and raster angle should be varied between 0o to 60o for better tensile strength
  PubDate: Tue, 31 Aug 2021 00:00:00 +000
Utilization of Sugarcane Bagasse as Biopolymer Adsorbent for Arsenic (III)
Removal from Aqueous Solutions
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  Authors: Susarla Venkata Ananta Rama Sastry
  Abstract: The present study focuses on the removal of the heavy metal As(III) from aqueous solutions using the low cost adsorbent, sugarcane bagasse. The effect of contact time (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 min), adsorbent dosage (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1 gm) and metal concentrations (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ppm) on the adsorption were studied and the optimum conditions were found. FTIR was used for the analysis of the adsorbent. FTIR analysis showed effective removal or adsorption of As(III). % removal of As(III) is approximately 95%. Sugarcane bagasse has proved to be a cheap and environment friendly adsorbent that worked efficiently in the As(III) removal.
  PubDate: Tue, 31 Aug 2021 00:00:00 +000
Effects of Plasticizers on Structures of Chemical Functional Groups,
Morphologies, Water Vapor Permeability, and Thermal Properties of HPMC/BW
Biopolymer Films
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  Authors: Nguyen Thi Luong; Nguyen Thanh Tung, Nguyen Van Khoi, Pham Thi Thu Ha, Le Thi Hong Thuy, Nguyen Pham Khanh Van
  Abstract: Food preservation is one of the fields that many researchers are interested in, especially in the epidemic period like COVID-19 today. The better food or agricultural products are preserved for a long time, the more it ensures social stability for state management related to food security for people. This paper introduces one kind of biopolymer films with investigation on effect of plasticizers to its characteristics. In order to produce biopolymers, the most popular types of plasticizers were polyols. On that basis, this research used Glycerol (G), Propylene Glycol (PG), and Polyethylene Glycol 400 (PEG400) with a content of 1% to 3% to study their impact on Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose/Beeswax (HPMC/BW) biopolymer films. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra assess changes in composite films structures of HPMC/BW when combined with different plasticizers, the amplitudes of these major vibrations were different compared among the HPMC and BW spectra due to the interaction among the components in the polymer networks and the formation of intramolecular bonds. Cutting surface observations of scanning electron microscopy images (SEM) show the degree of uniform dispersion, the appearance of defects in the membrane structure, influence on the change of water vapor permeability (WVP) values through the membrane from 68.2 to 28.6 g.mm/day.m2.kPa. Differential scanning calorimetric graphs (DSC) analysis showed that the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the composite film created was within the Tg range of HPMC and BW, it indicated the relative match between the ratio of crystal and amorphous in the film formula, formed a stable composite emulsion and better dispersion. Plasticizers have been used to improve flexibility and processability of polymers, changing in plasticizers types and concentration significantly affect the film properties.
  PubDate: Tue, 31 Aug 2021 00:00:00 +000
Study of Conventional Cutting Processes and Materials: A Review
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  Authors: Krunal R. Mhaske; Pramod Walke, Rakesh Haldkar, Digambar Ladhe, Swati Pachory
  Abstract: Today the world is rapidly developing. The purpose of the development is to easy the work, reduce the man power and get highly accuracy in the work. Industries now a day’s focusing on the automation for getting zero defective products as an output. This rapid development forces to create new machines for different purposes. This paper presents a brief review of some cutting machines and materials, which are used for cutting different materials which contain polymers and composite. Thus using different cutters and processes different polymers and composite materials are cut.
  PubDate: Tue, 31 Aug 2021 00:00:00 +000
Review on Investigation of Tailor Welded Blanks of Dissimilar
Aluminum-Magnesium Alloys and Hybrid Carbon Composites
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  Authors: Manoj M. Joshi; R. S. Hingole
  Abstract: Reduction in weight, better fuel efficiency and cost effectiveness are the salient attractive features of Aluminum-Magnesium alloys and carbon composite materials. By making use of tailor welded blanks of dis similar materials of different strengths at appropriate locations in automobile outer body, one can achieve these objectives. At the same time, fabrication of these Tailor Welded blanks of Aluminum-Magnesium alloys, next generation carbon composite materials by usual fusion welding processes is a challenge due to the metallurgical changes in the material. Friction stir welding(FSW) is a relatively new welding process which was invented in UK by The Welding Institute. It has proved to be a better technique in developing tailor welded blanks. Researchers are continually involved in getting a better welded joint through friction stir welding. To overcome the problems associated with getting a sound welded joint by friction stir welding, researchers have suggested multi objective optimization of process parameters and double sided friction stir welding methodologies. Further, a methodology to carry out an innovative friction stir welding is discussed. Formability characteristics and mechanical properties of high- tech carbon composite materials and associated difficulties for formation of Tailor welded blanks are discussed.
  PubDate: Tue, 31 Aug 2021 00:00:00 +000
Study and Analysis of Polymer / Composite Thermal Insulation Material and
Comfort Based Building Simulation with Applicability of Evaporative
Cooling
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  Authors: Nitin S. Aher; Anurag Hamilton
  Abstract: In India, about 35% of India's electrical energy is absorbed by buildings. Of this, the significant consumption is for the cooling purpose in building. Passive cooling systems, by comparison consume considerably less energy than mechanical cooling systems. Therefore, it is very important to understand the applicability of the passive cooling system by conducting comfort-based simulation of building as well as an examination of the influence of thermal insulation composed of polymers and composites. In this article, live case study of hospital building located in eastern region of Karnataka is taken for comfort based simulation and energy usage analysis for cooling purpose using design builder software tool also done analysis of effect of thermal insulation on heat transfer through wall for same building using design builder software. Findings of design builder software are verified using analytical approach. It has been found from simulation results that the cooling load in the summer season is around 35% higher than in the winter season and from June it begins to decrease. On the other hand, during night time, outdoor air temperature found to be quiet more than comfort temperature, but it can be easily meet by evaporative cooling system. In the same span, during day time, applicability of evaporative cooling system is properly analyzed and found that it is able to provide comfort conditions. Especially in the winter season, air temperature in the eastern region of Karnataka is near or lower than comfort temperature (25oC) during the night time, so comfort conditions can be met without cooling or heating requirements. In short, there is scope for replacing the active air conditioning system with alterative passive cooling systems such as the indirect evaporative cooling system throughout the year, to provide comfort in the eastern region of Karnataka. It has been observed that, Heat transmission from outside to inner side through the external wall with insulation is significantly reduced throughout the afternoon and evening hours as compared to the outside wall without insulation. Performance of thermal insulation made of mineral wool is lies between the thermal insulation made of glass fiber and polyurethane foam. During the day time, heat transfer from the inner to the outer side of the wall with polyurethane foam insulation was found to be 2.16%, 1.27% and 63.82% more than the wall with glass fiber insulation, mineral wool insulation, and no insulation respectively. In case, thermal insulation used on both sides of the wall, net heat transfer is negligible.
  PubDate: Fri, 27 Aug 2021 05:35:31 +000
Chemical and Electrocoagulation for Chromium (VI) Removal from Galvanic
Effluents
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  Authors: Susarla Venkata Ananta Rama Sastry
  Abstract: Industrial effluents usually contain 10 to 500 mg/l Cr(VI); that according to international
  environmental rules must be set at permissible levels before being discharged into the environment.
  The upper permitted levels of chromium are 0.5 mg/l for effluent discharge and 0.01 mg/l for drinking
  water respectively. Hexavalent chromium is a very toxic heavy metal moiety occurring in various
  industrial wastewaters, such as electroplating, anodizing, tanning and dyeing effluents. Industrial
  effluents may contain hundreds of mg/l of Cr(VI), whereas the upper allowed limit for effluent
  discharge to aquatic systems is 0.5 mg/l. In the present study, the removal of chromium from
  industrial electroplating effluents is presented using the chemical coagulation with addition of iron
  sulfate coagulant and the electrocoagulation process with iron electrodes. Both processes achieved a
  rapid and effective chromium removal of over 99.9%, with the electrochemical process being superior
  in terms of the total operational costs.
  PubDate: Tue, 06 Apr 2021 11:53:23 +000
Engineering Properties of Alkali Activated Materials Produced from Thu Duc
Water Plant Waste Sludge, Fly Ash, and Alkaline Activator by Semi-dry
Pressing Method
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  Authors: Nguyen Hoc Thang; Dang Thanh Phong, Pham Minh Tan, Le Van Quang
  Abstract: Alkali activated material is a product manufactured to serve the needs of construction. The
  production of alkali activated material has many advantages compared to other traditional baked
  materials. The product is not heated at high temperature, so it saves energy and reduces the amount
  of waste impacting negatively to ecology system and human life. The raw materials for production of
  alkali activated materials are re-used from other industrial solid wastes such as fly ash, bottom ash,
  blast furnace slag, red mud, and others. The alkali activated materials are formed in many different
  methods such as pouring the fresh mortar paste into the mould or press the powder mixtures at high
  pressure. In addition, the raw materials are mixed with the binders to increase the mechanical
  strength of the product. This study produced the alkali activated material using industrial solid wastes
  such as waste sludge from Thu Duc water plant, Ho Chi Minh City and fly ash from Vinh Tan coalfired
  thermal power plant, Binh Thuan province as raw materials. The raw materials were prepared
  and mixed with alkaline activator and pressed at 25 kN pressure to form the bricks. The products of
  unburnt brick have engineering properties meet the requirements of unburnt construction bricks in the
  market.
  PubDate: Wed, 31 Mar 2021 08:35:38 +000
Microstructural Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of the Green
Composites Reinforced Bamboo Optimized the Treated Parameters
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  Authors: Nguyen Thuc Boi Huyen
  Abstract: Concrete and steel are traditional building materials with high strength and stress. They are used
  effectively in civil construction, structures of bridges and others. According to the current trend, the
  construction materials have more attention for low density and high durability which produced from
  natural materials; moreover, they are able to be recycled and reused. In this study, the green composites
  were fabricated based on the highly performance epoxy combined with bamboo to get high flexural
  strength. The bamboo was removed some cellulosic impurities by treatment via 2 stages: (1) in a mixture
  of NaOH and Na2SO3; (2) H2O2 solution to enhance the compatibility among the matrix of epoxy and
  reinforcing materials. The important parameters of the extraction process such as type of extract,
  concentration of components and treatment time were investigated and selected. The bamboo samples
  were analyzed for the microstructure using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The SEM images
  showed that the treated bamboo fibres arranged in certain order with clear orientation. The
  morphologies are completely different from the structure of the original bamboo material (without
  treatment). The vibrations of chemical functional groups via Fourier modified infrared spectrum (FTIR)
  showed that most the absorption intensity of peaks decreased significantly, especially at the
  wavenumbers of 1734, 1492 and 1261 cm-1. The absorption intensity of lignin characteristics became
  very small or disappeared. The above analytical results demonstrate an important change in the
  structure and composition of bamboo by chemical treatment. In particular, the outstanding growth in
  flexural and tensile strength of about 300–500% compared to the original bamboo raw material proves
  the superiority of green composite materials. This shows the potential of using bamboo to gradually
  replace steel in green building materials that not only use raw bamboo but must come from chemically
  treated bamboo-reinforced composites.
  PubDate: Wed, 31 Mar 2021 07:28:09 +000
Application of Polypyrrole/Lead Sulphide Nanocomposite in UV Light
Assisted Photocatalysis and Gas Sensing
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  Authors: Manoharmayum Vishwanath Sharma; Harendra Kumar Sharma
  Abstract: The synthesis of ppy/lead sulphide nanocomposite was done using the co-precipitation method. The synthesized ppy/leadsulphide nanocomposite was characterized using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED), X-Ray Powder Defraction (XRD), Fourier Transformation Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis Spectroscopy techniques. The optical bandgap of the synthesized ppy/lead sulphide nanocomposite was observed to be 3.48 eV. The synthesized material is crystalline, with an average crystallite size of 2.51 nm. The photocatalytic and ammonia gas sensing potential of the synthesized lead sulphide nanocomposite was explored. The study indicated that the synthesized nanocomposite was able to degradation methyl orange up to 80.31% and had a sensing response of 49% at 10 ppm concentration of ammonia gas. The study indicated that the synthesized ppy/lead sulphide nanocomposites can be used as a dual functional material for environmental applications.
  PubDate: Tue, 23 Mar 2021 10:32:32 +000
An Overview on Synthesis of Magnesium alloy based Metal Matrix Composites
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  Authors: Ankita P. Balikai; Adarsha H, Sunil Bhat
  Abstract: Magnesium alloy based composites are viewed as potential candidates for various applications in automobile, aerospace and defense sectors. Magnesium alloys majorly consisting of magnesium with fractional quantities of aluminum, zinc and manganese, are popularly used in light weight applications. This alloy can be reinforced with many of the ceramic oxides such as silicon nitride (Si3N4), Titanium carbide (TiC) etc in various forms to improve its mechanical and tribological properties. Currently many researchers are exploring the possibilities of synthesizing magnesium through several techniques. This paper presents an overview of various synthesizing techniques of magnesium alloy based composites using ceramic reinforcements. An attempt is also made to summarize the effect of heat treatment on above said composites.
  PubDate: Fri, 26 Feb 2021 11:23:32 +000
Study the Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resin Reinforced with Metal
OxideNanoparticles
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  Authors: sabah anwer salman
  Abstract: In this research the additive effect of (Magnesium Oxide (MgO), Zirconium Oxide (ZrO2), Copper Oxide (CuO)) nanoparticles to epoxy resin as a matrix have been studied, in addition tomanufacturing hybrid composites from the same nanoparticles which are (CuO/ZrO2, MgO/ZrO2) to epoxy resin as a matrix too. The hand lay-up method is using to manufacturing the composites from the epoxy resin and the nanoparticles with different weight ratios((0, 3, 6, 9) wt%), the mechanical tests have been done of all prepared composites. The results of the impact test are shown the increasing the weight ratio of the reinforcement materials increases the impact strength value for pure epoxy and the highest value of impact strength isto the composite (EP-ZrO2) which equal )19.59 KJ/m2).And the hardness test results showed that the hardness of the pure epoxyincreases with increasing the weight ratiosof the reinforcement materials and the highest value of hardness is to the composite (EP-MgO) which equal (84.3). While the results of the bending (three points) test are shown the increasing the weight ratio of the reinforcement materialsincreases the deflection and the value of the fracture stress andthe highest value of fracture stress at hybrid composite (EP-MgO/ZrO2) which equal (4307.79 MPa).
  PubDate: Fri, 26 Feb 2021 11:00:58 +000