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Journal of Catalyst & Catalysis
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ISSN (Online) 2349-4344
Published by STM Journals

[66 journals]

The Effect of Chemical Materials on Bacteria and Fungi
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  Authors: Dr. Saher Mahmood Jawd
  First page: 1
  Abstract: Chemical compounds have a significant impact and influence on
  the effectiveness of some fungal and bacterial organisms, and
  some of them have been used as chemical antibiotics. t can also
  be divided according to function. The use of antimicrobial
  drugs to treat infection is known as antimicrobial chemotherapy
  while the use of antimicrobial drugs to prevent infection is
  known as antimicrobial prophylaxis. The main types of antimicrobial
  agents are antiseptics (non-specific antimicrobials such as Candida)
  that kill a wide range of microbes on inanimate surfaces to prevent
  the spread of disease, sterilizers (which are applied to living tissues
  to help reduce infection during surgery), and antibiotics (which destroy
  organisms). minute inside the body). The term "antibiotic" primarily describes
  compounds that are extracted from microorganisms, but it currently also
  applies to synthetic antibiotics such as sulfonamide and quinolone.
  The term also used to apply only to substances that kill bacteria
  (and is often used in this way by medical experts and in the medical
  literature) but has now been expanded to include all antimicrobials.
  PubDate: 2022-02-09
  DOI: 10.37591/jocc.v8i3.6020
  Issue No: Vol. 8, No. 3 (2022)
Adsorption, Process Technology with Catalysis
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  Authors: Tanushka Singh Chauhan
  Pages: 7 - 14
  Abstract: Surface of solids assumes a significant part in numerous physical and synthetic peculiarities. There are two principle purposes behind this exceptional job. First and foremost, the outer layer of a substance interfaces first with its environmental factors. Furthermore, the surface particles are in an alternate state as looked at to the atoms in the inside of the strong. The surface atoms interface all the more promptly with different substances which approach by and are answerable for some unique properties. We shall learn about two of these qualities in this paper: adsorption and catalysis. Huge surface region carbon materials have drawn in a lot of consideration as of late because of their promising applications in adsorption, energy stockpiling, and catalysis. In this review, a green and supportable wastewater treatment procedure, including pre-adsorption of mesoporous carbon nanospheres (MCNS) with water impurities and resulting progressed oxidation of pre-adsorbed particles and an extra water toxin, is read up for the treatment of wastewater and recovery of MCNS all the while. In this article we will discuss about what is actually adsorption and how different is it from absorption and we will clarify the different variables that influence adsorption. The outer layer of a solid attracts and traps gas or broken-up material particles that come into touch with it. These particles stay just at the surface and don't go more profound into the mass. The peculiarity of adsorption is unique in relation to that of absorption. The last option term infers that a substance is consistently circulated all through the body of a strong. If we leave a small fragment of calcium chloride out in the open, it will absorb water fumes (dampness) from the air and eventually dissolve in it. On the other hand, if we leave a test of silica gel out in the open, it will adsorb water fume on its surface.
  PubDate: 2022-03-04
  DOI: 10.37591/jocc.v8i3.6172
  Issue No: Vol. 8, No. 3 (2022)
Enzymes used in Alcohol Fermentation
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  Authors: Nadira Malik Khan
  Pages: 15 - 21
  Abstract: Fermentation is the process that uses enzymes to cause chemical reactions in biomass feedstocks. In biochemistry, it is defined as the extraction of energy from carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen. The science of fermentation is known as zymology. Cellular respiration is the process in which a carbohydrate, like starch or sugar, is converted into an alcohol or an enzyme by an organism. Fermentation is a process in which yeast gets power by converting sugar to alcohol. Microorganisms produce carbohydrates to lactic acid by fermenting them. The process of fermentation is the breakdown of a material into a normal substance. In the fermentation of beer, wine, bread, kimchi, yoghurt, and other foods, microorganisms such as yeast and bacteria frequently play a part. When the fermenting process is finished, grape juice becomes wine. The most frequent route for bacteria to make ATP is through the anaerobic decomposition of the organic molecules, which is known as fermentation. Since the Neolithic era, humanity have used fermentation to manufacture food and beverages. Ferment is used to preserve lactic acid, which is found in sour foods such as pickled cucumbers, kombucha, kimchi, and yoghurt, as well as to manufacture alcoholic beverages such as beer and wine. Industrial fermentation is the use of microbes to produce chemicals, biofuels, enzymes, proteins, and medicines on a massive scale. Fermentation occurs in the gastrointestinal tracts of all animals, including humans.
  PubDate: 2022-03-03
  DOI: 10.37591/jocc.v8i3.6173
  Issue No: Vol. 8, No. 3 (2022)
Mechanism Action of Catalysis
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  Authors: Jaya Mishra
  Pages: 22 - 28
  Abstract: Catalysis is a method for speeding up the rate of a reaction. It is of three types homogeneous, biocatalysis and heterogeneous catalysis which further involve acid base catalysis, that is based on Brønsted-Lowry concept which state that any compound that can transfer a proton to any other compound is an acid, and the compound that accepts the proton is a base and in enzymatic catalysis every enzyme is specific to substrate and increase the rate of reaction within organisms and enzyme catalysis can be of two types endothermic(Energy level of products higher than reactants, The free energy change (DG) is positive (+), Reaction will not proceed spontaneously). and exothermic (Energy level of reactants higher than products, The free energy change (DG) is negative (-), Reaction will proceed spontaneously).Catalytic cycle is also a way to describe catalysts that are involved in biochemistry, organometallic chemistry, bioinorganic chemistry, materials science, etc. The "Katal," which is measured in moles per second, is the SI unit for quantifying catalytic activity.
  PubDate: 2022-03-11
  DOI: 10.37591/jocc.v8i3.6174
  Issue No: Vol. 8, No. 3 (2022)
Biocatalytic Process by Biodiesel Production to the help of Environment
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  Authors: Manoj Kumar
  Pages: 29 - 33
  Abstract: The synthesis of fatty acid esters using vegetable oils seems to be a crucial process that yields good diesel fuel substitutes and useful oleochemical intermediates. Biodiesel is made from fatty acid methyl esters, which are a mixture of mono-alkyl esters produced from vegetable oils including sunflower oil, soyabean oil, rapeseed oil, peanut oil, cotton seed oil, and animal fats like pig fats and lard. Biodiesel can also be made from other materials including used olive oil, algae, and greases. Because biodiesel is a biodegradable, renewable, non-toxic, environmentally beneficial, and socially responsible fuel, it has gotten a lot of attention in the last two decades. Some of the ways for manufacturing biodiesel include direct usage or mixing, microemulsion, thermally pyrolysis, and transesterification acid-catalyzed operations, base-catalyzed processes, lipase-catalyzed techniques, non-ionic base-catalyzed procedures, and heterogeneously catalysed processes. The alkali catalysed technique, which uses an alkali catalyst (often NaOH, KOH, or sodium methoxide) to convert triglycerides to methyl esters inside a short reaction time and at high rates, has been widely adopted in industry. Despite these benefits, the chemical transesterification method has certain drawbacks, such as the necessity to remove the catalyst and salt from the biodiesel phase, the difficulty of reusing glycerol, and their energy-intensive nature, which has led to the development of alternative procedures. The emphasis will be on enzymatic biodiesel production from a range of vegetable oils. Candida antarctica lipase A and Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase were immobilised on a reduced medium of cotton fabric.
  PubDate: 2022-03-02
  DOI: 10.37591/jocc.v8i3.6171
  Issue No: Vol. 8, No. 3 (2022)