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Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research
Number of Followers: 3

This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Print) 2302-4690
Published by Universitas Brawijaya

[10 journals]

Synthesis and Characterization of Complex Compounds from Cadmium(II)
Chloride and Cobalt(II) Chloride with N,N'-Diethylthiourea
- Authors: Reza Mega Wahyuni, Husni Wahyu Wijaya, Meyga Evi Ferama Sari, I Wayan Dasna, Nani Farida
  First page: 1
  Abstract: Ionic complexes of cadmium(II) chloride and cobalt(II) chloride with N,N'-diethylthiourea (detu) ligands hves not been previously reported. Therefore, the synthesis was carried out to study the structure and characterization of the two ionic complex compounds. The cadmium(II)-detu ionic complex was synthesized using the direct reaction method with a ratio between Cd(II) salt and detu ligand of 1:2. Meanwhile, the cobalt(II)-detu ionic complex was synthesized with a ratio between Co(II) salt and detu ligand 2:4. The cadmium(II)-detu and cobalt(II)-detu ionic complexes have melting points of 105-108˚C and 122-125˚C, respectively. The electrical conductivity of the cadmium(II)-detu and cobalt(II)-detu complexes showed that the complexes were ionic complexes. The FTIR analysis showed the shifting of the C=S functional group to the smaller wave number which indicates the coordinating detu ligand to the cadmium(II) and cobalt(II) through the S atom. The indirect evidence from 1H-NMR showed CH3 and CH2 only slightly shifted between the free detu ligand and the Cd-detu and Co-detu complexes.
  PubDate: 2022-03-30
  DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2022.011.01.640
  Issue No: Vol. 11, No. 1 (2022)
Implementation of Amino Acid as a Natural Feedstock in Production of
N-Acylamides as a Biocompatible Surfactants: A Review on Synthesis,
Behavioral, Application and Scale-up Process
- Authors: Widharta Surya Alam, Sabila Gitamara, Riki Wartakusumah, Muhammad Irfan Nurdin, Zuhrina Masyithah
  First page: 9
  Abstract: The use of surfactants is extremely widespread for human life. The development of the use of surfactants has not reached detergents anymore, but for drug delivery, biolubricant, emulsifier, cosmetics, enhanced oil recovery (EOR), dispersants and even virus vectors. Unfortunately, the past history of surfactants had given a bad impression since many surfactants are difficult to decompose in nature, are toxic and are not suitable as biological materials. This article will examine the research development and production, syntesis pathway, classification, behaviour and application of N-Acyl amino acid (NAAAc) surfactants. Amino acid based N-Acylamides (AAc) or NAAAc surfactants are next-generation biological surfactants. NAAAc can be synthesized by chemical and enzymatic pathway. NAAAc can also be combined with ionic liquids (ILs) to become green surfactants NAAAc ILs which is low in toxicity unlike conventional ILs. The conclusion of this article studied was NAAc production process that had the highest efficiency so far was the production through a catalytic chemical reaction, namely the fatty acid amidation or amino acid acylation process. The application of AAc-based N-Acylamides is so promising that it can be considered for scale-up processes in the future.
  PubDate: 2022-03-30
  DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2022.011.01.616
  Issue No: Vol. 11, No. 1 (2022)
The Effect of Klika Ongkea Extract (Mezzetia parviflora Becc.) on
- Authors: Mansur - Mansur
  First page: 31
  Abstract: This study aimed to determine the effect of Klika Ongkea (Mezzetia parviflora Becc.) extract on the regeneration of Pancreatic β-cells on Wistar strain rats that were induced using streptozotocin. The type of this study is experimental with a modified pretest-posttest randomized controlled group design. The data analysis was performed using an Independent-Sample T-Test to compare the number of Pancreatic β-cells. The results showed that the administration of Klika Ongkea extracts affected the Pancreatic β-cells regeneration. There was no different effect on the multi-dose administration of the Klika Ongkea extract on the renewal of pancreatic β-cells, and there was no different effect of treatment before and after streptozotocin administration on the regeneration of pancreatic β-cells.
  PubDate: 2022-03-30
  DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2022.011.01.618
  Issue No: Vol. 11, No. 1 (2022)
Comparison of Wet and Dry Digestions in the Analysis of Fe in Spinach by
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
- Authors: Irdhawati Irdhawati, I Gusti Ayu Putu Yunita Riyastini, Manuntun Manurung
  First page: 38
  Abstract: The method of digestion as a part of sample preparation is very important to determine the accuracy of the analysis result. In this study, the methods of wet and dry digestions were applied to determine of Fe content in several kinds of spinach obtained from the traditional market in Denpasar Bali. This research aimed to compare the result of Fe analysis by AAS method using both of digestion methods. This research was divided into several steps starting from sampling, determination of the samples species, sample preparation, digestion by wet digestion using aqua regia and dry digestion in the furnace, and Fe analysis by AAS. The result showed that the concentrations of Fe in root spinach, red spinach, cut spinach, and tricolor spinach through wet digestion method varied between 68.08–105.45 mg/kg, while the concentrations of Fe by dry digestion obtained between 27.52–42.03 mg/kg, which was over the accepted value. Based on the one-way ANOVA statistical test with a significance level of 5%, there was a significant differences of Fe concentration in spinaches by wet and dry digestions.
  PubDate: 2022-04-25
  DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2022.011.01.607
  Issue No: Vol. 11, No. 1 (2022)
Study of Hydrogen Sulfide Adsorption on Silica Gel with Triethanolamine
layer
- Authors: I Wayan Adi Suarya, Rachmat Triandi Tjahjanto, Ulfa Andayani
  First page: 46
  Abstract: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an impurity in gaseous fuels, therefore this gas removal method is interesting topic. Physisorption method is considered to a simple work to be applied on a small scale. The principle of physisorption is the combination of a substrate and a physical solvent to capture H2S gas. This research studies the impact of the addition of liquid triethanolamine on the porous silica on the adsorption capacity of H2S gas. The silica substrate is synthesized using two pore templates namely a mixture of polyethylene glycol (PEG)/ sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and the other one is pure chitosan. Silica surface was coated with triethanolamine (TEA) using impregnation method. H2S gas adsorption study was conducted on the synthesized silica with and without TEA. The results of this study show that TEA layer on the silica surface increases the adsorption capacity towards H2S gas, but it is relatively small compared to similar studies. The best result of combining TEA and silica gel is shown by TEA- sil-PS which was 3.8 x 10-5 mol H2S per gram of adsorbent. The calculated surface area of the sil-PS is 6.64 m2/g or 98.6% reduction from the initial value 451.4 m2/g. The increase in adsorption capacity despite a very large decrease in surface area indicates the effectiveness of TEA in absorbing hydrogen sulfide.
  PubDate: 2022-04-25
  DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpacr.2022.011.01.653
  Issue No: Vol. 11, No. 1 (2022)
Determination of the radical-scavenging activities and identification of
anthocyanins from Hexalobus monopetalus ripe fruits
- Authors: Arrounan Noba, Adama Hema, Elie Kabré, Bazoin Sylvain Raoul Bazié, Paulin Ouôba, Constantin M. Dabiré, Remy K. Bationo, Moumouni Koala, Eloi Palé, Mouhoussine Nacro
  First page: 54
  Abstract: A wild fruit from classified forest of Dindéresso was analyzed for total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins compounds using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, spectrophotometric method of Zhishen and colleagues and by the differential pH method respectively. Free radical-scavenging activities of studied fruits extracts were estimated using diammonium 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) salt method. Three major anthocyanins were identified using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with spray ionization interface mass spectrometry. Three identified anthocyanins in fruit were reported to be cyanidin 3-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside, pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside and pelargonidin 3-O-rutinoside. In addition, H. monopetalus fruit contained of about 1165±3.1 mg of GAE per 100 g of fresh fruit, 4490±20.2 mg of QE per 100 g of fresh fruit, and 36±0.17 mg of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside equivalents per 100 g of fresh fruit. Total anthocyanin extract had an EC50 = 4.24 mg per mL and a TEC50 time of 21 minutes (intermediate reaction). This free radical-scavenging activity was very low compared to those of the references used (0.024 and 0.034 mg/mL respectively for ascorbic acid and Trolox). The low antiradical activity and reactivity of the H. mucronata extract could be explained by several factors. In any case, fruits of this species were potential sources of natural bioactive substances having beneficial effects on the health of consumers.
  PubDate: 2022-04-25
  Issue No: Vol. 11, No. 1 (2022)
Acid Isolation Techniques for Silica isolation from Rice Husk and
Determination of Its Physicochemical Properties
- Authors: Siti Mutrofin, Leo Krisna, Diah Mardiana, Rachmat Triandi T
  First page: 71
  Abstract: Previous research showed that rice husk has a high silica content so that it becomes an alternative for processing rice waste. The acid leaching method is a technique to isolate silica by adding an acid solution. The research aim is to obtain the optimum silica yield and determine the ash content of rice husks. Rice husks were first calcined at two various temperatures and times. The average yields obtained were 19.54% (500oC / 1 hr), 18.42% (500oC / 2 hrs), 25.03% (700oC /1 hr), and 22.4% (700oC/2 hrs). The physical appearance of ash are was grains and color of the ash, followed by acid washing with 1 M HCl solution which aims to remove impurities. During acid washing, black particles were found adhering to the magnetic stirrer. It was concluded that the grains have magnetic properties, based on previous research it is estimated that hematite (Fe2O3) is formed. Furthermore, the formation of sodium silicate with 1 M NaOH solution aims to isolate the silica and remove impurities. The last step was aimed to vary the acid solutions of HCl and HNO3 and the concentrations of 3 M, 2 M, and 1 M. The highest results were obtained by adding 99.87% HNO3 1 M solution. The results
  of FTIR characterization showed the presence of organic functional groups in the ash content, accompanied by the difference in % transmittance due to the effect of the variation carried out. The results of XRD analysis with QualX application show that silica has cristobalite and wollastonite peaks.
  PubDate: 2022-04-27
  Issue No: Vol. 11, No. 1 (2022)
Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesis Using Mangosteen (Garcinia Mangostana
L.) Rind Extract For Environmentally Friendly Liquid Disinfectant Active
Ingredients
- Authors: Abdul Haris Haris Watoni, La Ode Ahmad Nur Ramadhan, Muhammad Daffa Rahmatullah, Angelina Ike Dwiyanti Kalpen Bunga, Supardi Supardi
  First page: 89
  Abstract: Disinfectant is one of the materials that can be used to inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, but most of the disinfectants used in the community are disinfectants made from synthetic chemicals that are harmful to the environment. The purpose of this study was to synthesize and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of silver (Ag) nanoparticles- mangosteen rind extract as an active ingredient in an environmentally friendly disinfectant formula. The synthesis process of silver nanoparticles was carried out by adding a bioreductant of mangosteen rind extract into a 0.01 M AgNO3 solution precursor with a variation of the precursor:bioreductor volume ratio of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, and 1: 6. The results of the analysis with UV-Vis spectroscopy showed that the silver nanoparticles of mangosteen rind extract had good stability. The decrease in the absorption peak in the FTIR spectrum at a wave number of 3390.86 cm-1 indicates the contribution of the –OH group in the bioreductant compound in the reduction process of silver nanoparticles. PSA analysis and digital microscopy showed that the diameter of the synthesized silver nanoparticles with a volume ratio of bioreductor: precursor 1:1 and 1:2 were 82.33 nm and 356.2 nm, respectively. The antimicrobial activity test showed that the active ingredient mixture of silver-mangosteen rind extract with a composition of 1:1 had the best activity in inhibiting the growth of gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Eschericia coli bacteria. The results of this study indicate that silver nanoparticles extracted from mangosteen rind are good active ingredients for environmentally friendly liquid disinfectants. Keywords: Silver Nanoparticles, Garcinia Mangostana L., Bioreductors, Eco-friendly Disinfectants
  PubDate: 2022-04-30
  Issue No: Vol. 11, No. 1 (2022)