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BioNanoScience
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.308  Citation Impact (citeScore): 1 Number of Followers: 3  Partially Free JournalISSN (Print) 2191-1630 - ISSN (Online) 2191-1649 Published by Springer-Verlag  [2468 journals]
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- Comment on the Paper “Magnetic Field Effect on the Magnetic
Nanoparticles Trajectories in Pulsating Blood Flow: a Computational Model,
BioNanoScience (2022) 12:571–581”-
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Abstract: Some errors exist in the above paper.
PubDate: 2023-06-01
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- Characterization of Dexamethasone Containing Lipid-Based Self Nano
Emulsified Drug Release System-
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Abstract: Lipid-based drug delivery systems are promising systems for hydrophobic drug delivery. A lipid-based self-nano-emulsified ocular drug release system has been synthesized for improving the topical ocular delivery of hydrophobic drugs. The aim is to develop preformulation that reaches the vitreal fluid, bypassing the ocular barriers, without requiring intravitreal injection. To eliminate the complications, dexamethasone (Dex) is applied in the lipid-based system called the self-nano-emulsified drug release system (DexSNEDDS). DexSNEDDS was synthesized via different oils, surfactants, and cosurfactants suitable for ophthalmic use. The resulting system was characterized by Raman, UV, FTIR Spectra, DSC, and SEM. Dex was loaded into lipids in ratios of 31.35% Labrasol/Span 80 (1:1), 31.35% transcutol, and 17.64% oleic acid. DexSNEDDS was applied to HUVEC cells, and MTT cell viability experiments were performed to determine the cytotoxicity. The size of the prepared lipid spheres was approximately 50–200 nm according to SEM images. Zeta sizer results confirm the SEM image evaluations. Differential scanning calorimeter measurements of Dex and DexSNEDDS show characteristic peaks between 221 and 261 ℃. The fingerprint region of Dex is seen in peaks between 1700 and 1600 cm−1 in Raman spectra and at 1740, 1640, 1350, 1070, and 887 cm−1 in FTIR spectra, and the regions emerged in the spectra of DexSNEDDS. The viability results revealed that the difference between DexSNEDDs in treated and untreated cells was not statistically significant, and DexSNEDDS is safe for in vivo testing.
PubDate: 2023-06-01
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- Identification of Bacterial Population from Diabetic Wound of Mice to
Study the Bactericidal Efficacy of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticle
by Saraca asoca Bark Extract-
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Abstract: The present study was aimed to isolate and identify the different bacterial population from diabetic wound and to investigate the antibacterial efficacy of green synthesized silver nanoparticles used as topical application. Silver nanoparticle was synthesized by Saraca asoca bark extract. In this investigation, different bacterial species were identified by light microscopic and scanning electron microscopic methods, biochemical method, and using molecular marker like 16SrRNA. The bactericidal activity of synthesized AgNPs was analyzed by measuring zone of inhibition on agar, MIC, and MBC. The most prevalent bacterial species were Pantoea agglomerans; Staphylococcus gallinarum; Staphylococcus saprophyticus; Bacillus firmus; Bacillus cereus; Bacillus paramycoides; and Staphylococcus sciuri. A differential bactericidal activity of nanoparticles was observed on agar plate zone of inhibition and it was 65–80% more effective on Staphylococcus gallinarum (28 ± 2 mm), Bacillus firmus (26 ± 2 mm), and Pantoea agglomerans (12 ± 1.5 mm) than the nomal sulphadiazine drug and common antibiotics. So it is concluded that green synthesized silver nanoparticles can be used as topical formulation of nontoxic bactericidal agent on diabetic wound against multidrug resistant bacterial population.
PubDate: 2023-06-01
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- Biological Activity of Photodynamic Laser Radiation and Nickel
Nanoparticles on Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria-
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Abstract: S. aureus produces biofilm, causing bacterial adherence to different surfaces. There are few studies on the antibacterial effects of nickel nanoparticles (Ni-NPs). The aim of the present study is to examine the inhibitory effect of Ni-NPs on biofilm formation against S. aureus treated with low-intensity photodynamic laser therapy for photoactivation by methylene blue (MB) dye. Ni-NPs were synthesized by solution reduction process and characterized by SEM, TEM, UV-Visible spectrum, and EDS analysis. The result shows that Ni-NPs are of high purity. The results revealed that the decrease in bacterial cell conductivity due to cell wall rupture and massive cell death which appears in the ultrastructure of a bacterial cell by TEM. Biofilm formation significantly decreased by increased different concentrations of 50, 100, 150, and 200 μg/ml of Ni-NPs, in the presence of MB which increased the absorption of the laser beam and enhance the killing effect of the cell envelope. It was concluded that the combined therapy of MB loaded into Ni-NPs, light irradiates both MB and the Ni-NPs associated with MB. Our composite has dual effect one coming from the photothermal effect of the Ni-NPs and the other coming from the photodynamic effect of the MB and is the more effective method to destroy S. aureus pathogenic microorganism. Graphical
PubDate: 2023-06-01
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- Eugenol Loaded Ag-Ti-Co Nanocomposite as a Promising Antimicrobial and
Antioxidative Agent-
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Abstract: The present study aims to synthesize and characterize eugenol-loaded nanocomposite (using Syzygium aromaticum), followed by drug loading and analysis of drug release kinetics using standard procedure. UV–Vis spectroscopy showed absorption band at 258 nm, FTIR revealed the availability of eugenol, and SEM analysis and X-ray diffractometer examination revealed average particle diameter of 42.67 nm with orthorhombic structure. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX), Zeta, and size distribution pattern also confirmed the elemental composition, formation of stable nanocomposite, and uniformity of synthesized nanocomposite, respectively. MIC value obtained for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 6.25 μg/ml, and for Proteus mirabilis, it is 3.25 μg/ml. MBC value for Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis was 12.5 μg/ml, and for Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, it was 25 μg/ml. Antioxidant studies revealed that Eu@NC showed significant DPPH free radical scavenging activity. This biosynthesized Eu@NC with enhanced antibacterial activity could be less toxic to environment and an eco-friendly approach. Graphical Preparation of powdered clove buds and extraction of phytochemicals, visible changes in the salt solution after addition of plant extract, eugenol loading through Sonicator, characterization and analysis of drug release kinetics, evaluation of antibacterial and antioxidant activity.
PubDate: 2023-06-01
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- Electro-Blood Circulation Fusing Gold and Alumina Nanoparticles in a
Diverging Fatty Artery-
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Abstract: Emerging bio-microfluidic systems are embracing electroosmosis mechanisms to supervise ionised physiological fluids. Impelled by the exploration of electro-micro-pumping mechanisms in bio-engineering domains, in the present inquisition, a research policy associated with hemodynamical deportment of blood circulation under suspension of gold and alumina nanoparticles in a diverging fatty artery subject to electro-osmotic driving forces is conducted. The exact solutions of the resulting model equations associated with the proposed wall conditions are acquired in terms of Bessel functions under larger wavelength and a smaller ratio of inertial and viscous force. Numerical integration is computed through the NDSolve technique. Plotting and elaboration are performed to explore the physical insight into hemodynamics under diverse parametric aspects. Crucial findings of the study include that a raised electro-osmotic parameter elevates the intensity of blood streaming in the core zone of the artery and it established a declining pattern in the close vicinity of the arterial wall. The parameters linked with electroosmosis contribute to thermal emaciation of blood streaming in the artery. The heat transmission rate across the arterial wall sharply declines for ascending values of the electro-osmotic parameter and Helmholtz-Smoluchowski velocity. The structure of blood boluses is also outlined under the impact of involved parameters in brief. Pure blood offers less size and number of blood boluses near the arterial wall compared to hybrid nano-blood. From a bio-engineering point of view, the modelling study can contribute significantly to biomechanical and medical processes and therapeutic implications.
PubDate: 2023-06-01
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- A Focus on Biomaterials Based on Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles: an
Indispensable Tool for Emerging Biomedical Applications-
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Abstract: Calcium phosphate (CaP) is a kind of eco-friendly biodegradable material chemically similar to human hard tissue like bone and teeth and is highly biocompatible. CaPs have excellent biological quality, are cheap and easy to produce, are safe, and may be approved for clinical applications quite fast. CaP materials have proven themselves, yet their future is still bright. Today’s major global public health issue is the prevalence of injury and illness brought on by bone fractures. There are a number of problems with the current treatments that call for research into better methods of dealing with bone disorders. Gene therapy has recently gained attention as a promising strategy for efficient bone repair and regeneration via the use of RNA interference (RNAi) systems to modulate gene expression in the bone microenvironment. CaP nanoparticles have been shown to be efficient transporters for biomolecules that cannot enter cells to exert their biological impacts, such as nucleic acids, proteins, peptides, antibodies, and medicines. Surface functionalization and incorporation of cargo molecules make these nanoparticles distinct from their solid counterparts. This protects against nucleases and allows for selective cellular targeting. In this overview, we looked at the fundamentals of nanoparticles of calcium phosphates, including their production techniques, physicochemical features, and applications in transfection, gene silencing, drug administration, the environment, electricity, tissue engineering, drug delivery, and biomedicine. This study is predicted to be extremely valuable and advantageous to the researcher in the future progress of the research work in therapeutic applications since it comprises very comprehensive thoughts about calcium phosphate nanoparticles. Graphical Calcium phosphate is known to be a “super material” with improved biological qualities such as bioactivity, biodegradability, cellular function, and osteoconduction. The synthesis and fabrication of calcium phosphate by different crucial techniques in enhancing the physical and chemical properties allow it to be potential in various bioengineering fields such as drug delivery, bone regeneration, gene silencing, and electrical as well as environmental applications.
PubDate: 2023-06-01
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- Preparation, Physicochemical Characterization, and In Vitro Biological
Properties of Selenium Nanoparticle Synthesized from Exopolysaccharide of
Enterococcus faecium MC-5-
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Abstract: The selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) linked with exopolysaccharide (EPS) of E. faecium MC-5 were successfully produced. UV–Vis spectra, DLS, zeta potential, SEM, TEM, FT-IR, thermogravimetric analysis-DSC, and X-ray diffraction measurements were used to characterize the SeNPs in terms of formation, size, stability, and functional group attachment, morphology, distribution, and phase. The spectral resonance of SeNPs was validated by seeing a peak at 383 nm in UV-Vis, demonstrating their synthesis. The SeNPs conjugated to EPS were found to be amorphous and well distributed in the size range of 76 nm. The interactions between the –OH groups of EPS and SeNPs have resulted in new C–O–Se bonds and excellent SeNP scattering distribution in the EPS matrix. The SeNPs were found to have good thermal stability (a strong resistance to thermal processes over 245 °C). The SeNPs displayed good antimicrobial properties with different pathogens at various concentrations. This work not only reveals the critical role of EPS as a biocompatible polymer template for SeNP dispersion, stability, and size control but also acts as an effective antioxidant against DPPH, and hydroxyl radicals and also showed better antibiofilm properties. SeNPs also had a greater survival rate of up to 100 μg/mL in the in vivo study and had no cytotoxicity on larvae of Artemia salina. Hence, the potential SeNPs act as a unique contender to tackle the biofilm challenge in aquaculture sectors and can be implemented in the medical and cosmetic industries.
PubDate: 2023-06-01
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- Synthesis of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles (bAgNPs) Using Leaf Extract of
Mirabilis jalapa and Evaluation of Anti-vibriocidal, Anti-oxidant
properties and Cytotoxicity-
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Abstract: Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) and luminescent vibriosis are two major bacterial diseases of penaeid shrimp which are caused by gram-negative pathogenic bacteria Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) and Vibrio harveyi (Vh) respectively. These diseases cause massive mortality and huge economic loss worldwide in shrimp aquaculture. Extensive and inappropriate usage of antibiotics against these pathogens resulted in antibiotic-resistant strains. Drug repurposing appears to be an appropriate solution to eliminate antibiotic resistance in pathogens. In the present study, biogenic silver nanoparticles (bAgNPs) are synthesized by reducing AgNO3 using the aqueous extract of Mirabilis jalapa (MJ) leaves. The anti-oxidant, cytotoxic, and anti-vibriocidal activity of bAgNPs against Vp and Vh are evaluated. The formation of bAgNPs was confirmed by the appearance of a dark brown coloured solution and with a maximum absorption peak at 434 nm. The characterization of bAgNPs using FESEM and EDX, TEM, XRD, FTIR, and DLS has confirmed that the nanoparticles are crystalline and spherical in shape with an approximate diameter of 50 nm and have capping agents. The diameters of microbial growth inhibition zones for Vp and Vh are 26 mm and 23 mm respectively. Further, the MIC values for Vp and Vh are 31.25 µg/mL and 93.75 µg/mL respectively. The DPPH and FRAP assays showed substantial anti-oxidant activity with IC50 values of 67.39 µg/mL and 5.509 µg/mL respectively. MTT assay to check the cytotoxicity effect of bAgNPs on Vero cells resulted in very less toxicity at the maximum concentration tested with an IC50 value of 293.5 µg/mL. Therefore, the bAgNPs synthesized from leaves of MJ showed effective anti-vibriocidal and anti-oxidant properties with negligible cytotoxic effects.
PubDate: 2023-06-01
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- Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Dry Leaf Extract of Ricinus
communis and Its Application in Photocatalytic Degradation of Carcinogenic
Dyes and Antifungal Studies-
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Abstract: In the present study, we have synthesised silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in a hazard free method using dry leaves extract of Ricinus communis in a single step. The prepared Ag NPs were confirmed by an absorbance maximum at 430 nm using UV-vis spectrophotometer. Other characterisation techniques like IR, XRD, HR-TEM and FE-SEM were also utilised to confirm their formation and further study of the particle properties. The effect of leaf extract, effect of concentration of salt and effect of pH on formation of Ag NPs were analysed. The Ag NPs thus formed were calculated to possess 78% crystallinity approximately with a spherical shape. The size calculated via HR-TEM and FE-SEM was found to be 36 nm. Ag NPs synthesised using Ricinus communis was further studied for degradation of Congo Red, Methylene Blue and Reactive Red 120 dyes in presence of NaBH4 under sunlight. The study of antifungal activities of these particles on fungal strains namely Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigates suggests higher efficiency of the Ag NPs against Aspergillus fumigates in comparison to the standard drug fluconazole. Graphical
PubDate: 2023-06-01
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- Box-Behnken Design (BBD) Based Optimization of Beta-Carotene Loaded
Cubosomes for Anti-Oxidant Activity Using DPPH Assay-
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Abstract: Beta-carotene (BC), a red pigment, has numerous health benefits, including acting as a provitamin-A, anti-oxidant, and anticancer. Lower bioavailability, stability, and oxidative degradations are the major issues associated with the same, reflecting the need of exploring novel drug delivery system. Developing NDDS is time-consuming that needs lots of effort. Optimizing variables for formulating a potent dosage form is a big task. For this reason, BBD (Box-Behnken (BB) design) was employed to statistically optimize formulation variables. Box-Behnken designs are used to generate higher-order response surfaces using fewer required runs. GMO concentration, poloxamer concentration, and drug concentration were three independent variables, whereas entrapment efficiency (EE%) (Y1) and yield (Y2) have been chosen as dependent variables. Using optimized concentrations, 15 batches of β-carotene-loaded cubosomes have been developed, via fabrication method. According to the results of Design-Expert software, the ideal formulation composition and process variables for an optimized BC-LC were found to be 1800: 200 mg of GMO: poloxamer 407 and a desirability function of 0.99. Additionally, it provides theoretical or expected values for EE (%) (Y1) and yield (%) (Y2), which correspond to 82.53% and 76.23%, respectively. The optimized formulation showed 98 ± 1.22% drug release within 36 h and following Higuchi model for drug release. A significant increase in anti-oxidant potential of β-carotene (49.27 ± 4.32%) has been demonstrated when incorporated in the cubosomal nano-formulations (81.45 ± 4.15%). Using Design-Expert software, an efficient formulation incorporating β-carotene has been developed, showing significant anti-oxidant activities as compared to the β-carotene extract.
PubDate: 2023-06-01
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- The Effects of Intranasal Implantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Nitric
Monoxide Levels in the Hippocampus, Control of Cognitive Functions, and
Motor Activity in a Model of Cerebral Ischemia in Rats-
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Abstract: Hypoxia occurs in situations of disbalance between metabolic needs and the supply of oxygen to organs and tissues of the body. In this regard, tissue hypoxia and ischemia are essential components of the pathogenesis of many diseases. One of the promising areas of research into the mechanisms of ischemia is attempting to weaken the negative effect of hypoxia and ischemia in the brain by using a variety of techniques that activate neuroprotective mechanisms. Here, we aimed to assess the dynamics of restoration of motor activity control in an experimental model of ischemic stroke in rats (cerebral ischemia, CI) after intranasal perineural implantation of mesenchymal stem cells into the receptive field of the olfactory nerve. It was found that the perineural administration of MSCs to rats in the acute period of cerebral ischemia was accompanied by clear signs of recovery of cognitive and motor functions within 1 and 3 days after the operation. On the seventh day after ischemia modeling, rats with the introduction of MSCs had no distinctive features in the control of motor activity compared to the period before the operation in the same rats. In the hippocampus of rats after modeling ischemia, a significant decrease in the content of NO by about 50% relative to the initial level is observed after 1 day. In the hippocampus of rats in which ischemia was modeled with simultaneous intranasal administration of MSC, a significant decrease in NO content by 39% relative to the initial level was also observed after 1 day. The content of NO increases slightly, but the difference in the level of NO relative to ischemic rats was not significant. The copper content in the hippocampus in the rats of these two groups did not change. There was a tendency to increase the efficiency of the antioxidant system 1 day after ischemia in both studied groups, and this effect was more pronounced with intranasal administration of MSC.
PubDate: 2023-06-01
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- Biochemical Response of Human Endothelial and Fibroblast Cells to Silver
Nanoparticles-
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Abstract: Bactericidal and antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles, AgNPs, in addition to their cytotoxic effects, have been investigated to properly modulate cell biochemistry processes in order to improve the healing of wounds. Herein, we studied the cytotoxicity and metabolic profiling of two human cell lineages, fibroblast FN1 and endothelial HUV-EC-C, planning doses of AgNPs, and incubation times. Cytotoxicity assays showed consistent decrease in proliferation rates, viable cell number, and average surface areas. Metabolomics and nuclear magnetic resonance were successfully used to characterize changes in metabolic events triggered by silver treatments. Endo- and exometabolome revealed biochemical changes induced on treated cells compared to controls. For instance, glycolytic pathway is up-regulated due to the elevation in glucose consumption; however, the consequent elevation in pyruvate production seems to be wasted by cells to generate energy by aerobic means that are choosing to oxidize it to acetate. Aminoacid metabolism is down-regulated, signalizing the protein degradation mechanism. Tricarboxylic acid cycle is down-regulated once succinate was left over in the culture media. Concurrently, the ketogenic pathway is up-regulated due to the excess of acetone. Changes in pyroglutamate metabolism were detected indicating up-regulation of glutathione biosynthesis used to equilibrate the effects induced by oxidative stress, in accordance with the N-acetylcysteine finds. Phospholipid metabolism is down-regulated, as revealed by the changes in O-phosphocholine and Sn-glycerol-3-PC levels, signaling reduction in the cellular proliferation rates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing AgNP-induced changes in the UDP-GlcNAc levels, which plays an essential role in modifying nucleocytoplasmic proteins.
PubDate: 2023-06-01
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- Photocatalytic Degradation of Synthetic Dyes Using Cyanobacteria-Derived
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles-
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Abstract: In the current era of globalization, synthetic dyes are one of the key factors of water pollution. These were recalcitrant, carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic pollutants of textile, leather, and paper printing industries. Textile industries use a wide range of dyes and chemicals that generate a significant amount of wastewater containing a number of hazardous components. To mitigate environmental damage, it is difficult to treat this wastewater in an efficient and economical way. But apart from traditional treatment strategies, nanophotocatalysis appears as a promising technology for wastewater treatment, particularly dye degradation. In the present study, photocatalytic potential of biogenic zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) derived from Oscillatoria sp. NCCU-369 cell extract was evaluated for degradation of synthetic dyes (methylene blue and methyl orange). Biogenic ZnO NPs (10 mg/L) exhibited 91% of methylene blue degradation in 80 min in comparison to 86% of methyl orange degradation in 150 min. The free radical scavenging analysis suggested that ZnO NP-assisted degradation of dyes was mainly induced by superoxide ions. Degradation of dyes agreed with the Langmuire Hinshelwood model exhibiting pseudo-first-order kinetics and corresponded to the rate constants of 0.026 and 0.012 min−1 for methylene blue and methyl orange, respectively. Furthermore, ZnO NPs demonstrated high reusability for up to five cycles in a row, indicating their potential use as an efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly photocatalyst. The convincing results show that the biogenic ZnO NPs could play a significant role in the development of innovative biosorbents for removal of dyes from industrial effluents and wastewater. Graphical
PubDate: 2023-06-01
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- A Comparative Study of Green and Chemical Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles
(CeO2-NPs): From Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemical Analysis
to Multifaceted Biomedical Applications-
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Abstract: The underline study focuses on the comparative physicochemical and morphological characteristics, electrochemical analysis, and biological properties of green and chemically synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticles. Green synthesis (G-CeO2-NPs) was carried out using an aqueous root extract of Polygonum bistorta Linn as a reducing and capping agent while chemical synthesis (C-CeO2-NPs) was achieved using ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) solution via facile precipitation approach. The prepared nanoparticles were investigated for physicochemical, morphological, elemental, and electrochemical properties using multiple characterization techniques while the comparative yield was also determined. Chemical synthesis resulted in cerium oxide nanoparticles (C-CeO2-NPs) with higher yield and specific capacitance compared to green synthesis. However, green synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticles (G-CeO2-NPs) were biologically more active. For instance, G-CeO2-NPs exhibited better antioxidant and bactericidal properties as well as superior leishmanicidal properties, against the amastigote and promastigote stages of the Leishmania tropica, the dimorphic parasite that causes Leishmaniasis. The NPs also demonstrated moderate but comparable anti-Alzheimer’s and antidiabetic properties in in vitro studies. Finally, both the chemical and green synthesized CeO2-NPs proved significant hemocompatibility, making cerium oxide nanoparticles, mainly the G-CeO2-NPs, biologically more active, nontoxic, eco-friendly, and favorable candidates for diverse pharmacological studies. Graphical
PubDate: 2023-05-02
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- Synthesis of ZnS Nanomaterials and Their Applications via Green
Approaches: An Overview-
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Abstract: During the past century, nanoparticles have gained quality and are used in various fields. This has increased scientists’ tendency to create nanoparticles. Because conventional methods are expensive, time-consuming, and harmful to the environment, green methods are becoming more popular. According to their literature, many scientists have used this environmentally friendly method to create nanoparticles. We outline the research that scientists have done using these techniques to improve this method in the future. Finally, the article will show us how many scientists have created ZnS nanoparticles utilizing green method and how we have proven their creation with various spectroscopic analytical techniques such as FTIR, FESEM, TEM, EDS, and UV–visible spectroscopy. In contrast to the old method of making nanoparticles, the green method uses natural elements, such as plant leaves, seed extracts, and microorganisms. Aside from that, in this article, the researchers have used the ingredients mentioned above to prepare ZnS nanoparticles, which are shown to act as a medicine for various diseases, especially the particles that have been prepared. Additionally, there has been scientific evidence that ZnS nanoparticles are used in various fields, such as engineering, optics, and medicine. Therefore, this article will greatly assist future scientists as well. Graphical
PubDate: 2023-04-29
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- Hydrothermal Synthesis of α-Fe2O3 Nanostructures and Evaluation of
Their Antibacterial Activity-
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Abstract: In the present work, an efficient and inexpensive method was used to fabricate alpha phase iron oxide (α-Fe2O3) nanostructures. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements confirm the high purity of the sample with the appearance of all diffraction peaks of α-Fe2O3 nanostructures and the absence of any other peaks. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) confirms the presence agglomeration of small nanostructures that growth on nanofiber bundles’ energy dispersive. The optical measurements show a high absorption of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum in the visible region with a band-gap of 2.30 eV. The results of antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli confirmed the presence of high growth inhibition, which increased with increasing concentration of α-Fe2O3 nanostructures. The authors suggest that the current work can be used to improve the properties of materials used in various medical–industrial applications.
PubDate: 2023-04-22
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- The Effect of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Nanoparticles on Oxidative Stress
Status in the HCT116 Human Colon Cancer Cell Line-
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Abstract: Background TiO2 nanoparticles is a transition and heat resistant metal used in medicine, dentistry, and bone fixators. Objective The effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on oxidative stress and apoptosis in HCT116 colon cancer cells was studied. HCT116 cells were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS. Free radicals were assessed using a fluorimeter. Oxidative stress was studied by measuring the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) using the colorimetric method; the total oxidant status (TOS) by FOX1; and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) using the FRAP method. Results The median inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the TiO2 nanoparticles at 24 h was 12.64 µg/mL for the HCT116 cell line. HCT116 cell viability was dose-dependent after a TiO2 nanoparticle treatment (p < 0.05). The TOS levels were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in cells treated with 12.5 and 25 µg/mL concentrations compared with the control cells. In contrast, the levels of TAC and the activities of SOD, GPx, and CAT enzymes in the groups treated with the TiO2 nanoparticles compared with the untreated cells were significantly reduced (p < 0.05). A significant increase in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was also observed in the treated cells compared with that in the control (p < 0.05). Also, a significant increase in the oxidative stress parameters as well as a decrease in the TAC level and antioxidant enzymes were observed in the treated cells with 25 and 12.5 µg/mL concentrations (p < 0.05). Conclusion TiO2 nanoparticles reduced the HCT116 colon cancer cell line viability by inducing oxidative stress, decreasing the antioxidant enzyme activity, and increasing ROS production.
PubDate: 2023-04-20
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- Formulation, Characterization, and Taguchi Design Study of Eplerenone
Lipid-Based Solid Dispersions Integrated with Gelucire-
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Abstract: Eplerenone is a potassium-sparing diuretic of aldosterone antagonist employed to treat chronic heart failure and high blood pressure. Eplerenone is classified as a BSC class II drug since it has poor oral absorption and is difficult to absorb in the body. The solid dispersions approach is the most practical and least expensive method to increase the solubility and dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble eplerenone. Formulating lipid-based solid dispersions employing a mix of hydrophilic lipid carriers has shown to be quite common. Gelucire 50/13 and Gelucire 44/14 were both in there. These compositions included a range of different concentrations and ratios, including 1:1, 1:3, and 1:5, and their phase solubility properties were tested. A comparison was made between in vitro dissolving results of our product and those of the market using 7.4 pH phosphate buffer. FTIR, DSC, and XRD characterized the lipid-based solid dispersions. The crystalline structure of eplerenone was ameliorated. The commercial medicine was 85% dissolved after 2 h, while F3 dissolved at 99% in the same timeframe. It was discovered that 4 h after starting the ex vivo permeation study, the permeability of eplerenone was 51%, the penetration of the commercial medication was 76%, and the permeation of formulation F3 was 81%. Taguchi design explored significant factors contributed responses. Eplerenone is better absorbed and transported with the help of formulation F3. To investigate permeability further, ex vivo tests were undertaken with impressive results compared to what was available on the market. Graphical abstract
PubDate: 2023-04-15
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- Modern Developments in the Application and Function of Metal/Metal Oxide
Nanocomposite–Based Antibacterial Agents-
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Abstract: Significant health issues have lately been brought on by the dramatic increase in pathogenic microbes that are resistant to antibiotics. To manage or fight infections brought on by pathogens, investigators are looking for substitutes for currently used antimicrobial agents. Numerous approaches are being used to create effective antimicrobial agents, with nanotechnology being one of the most significant. Metal/metal oxide nanocomposite–based antibacterial agents work by evading the bacterial defenses against drug resistance and preventing the growth of biofilms or other critical virulence-related operations. Bacterial cell walls and membranes can be penetrated by nanocomposites, which then act by sabotaging crucial molecular processes. Nanocomposite-based antibacterial agents may exhibit synergy when used in conjunction with the proper antibiotics and aid in halting the growing global emergency of bacterial resistance. Moreover, polymer-derived nanocomposites facilitate the creation of a diverse range of healthcare equipment because of properties like improved biodegradability and biocompatibility. Once nanocomposites are incorporated, packed, or covered into various materials, they have antibacterial applications ranging from medicinal and surgical instruments to antimicrobial artificial fabrics. This review study covers the antibacterial properties of nanocomposites, developments in the understanding of their mechanism of action, and promising applications of nanocomposite-based antibacterial agents in biomedicine.
PubDate: 2023-04-15
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