JournalTOCs

IEEE Letters on Electromagnetic Compatibility Practice and Applications
Number of Followers: 1

Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
ISSN (Print) 2637-6423
Published by IEEE

[228 journals]

An Approach to Identify Noise-Source Parameters of DC-DC Converter and
Predict Conducted Emissions With Different Loads
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  Authors: Shuqi Zhang;Kengo Iokibe;Yoshitaka Toyota;
  Pages: 2 - 4
  Abstract: The black-box equivalent-circuit model is generally used to predict electromagnetic interference (EMI) from dc-dc converters for assisting with filter design. We previously proposed a Norton-based two-port equivalent-circuit model excluding load to investigate the load effect on EMI. The EMI prediction presupposes constant internal impedances independent of the load change with only the noise current source change dependent on the load change. Under these conditions, the noise current source at any load can be calculated by using the numerical interpolation method. In the present work, we used a dc-dc buck converter with a switching frequency of 200 kHz and identified the model parameters precisely by applying the waveform decomposition method. The internal admittances were found to be almost constant with respect to load change and only the input-port current source decreased with the load. We then applied the cubic spline interpolation method to fit the input-port current source and calculate it at any load. This approach was verified by predicting the input-port noise voltage for loads between 3.3 and $15.6~boldsymbol {Omega }$ . Below 80 MHz, where the input-port current source decreased with load, the input-port voltage predicted using the input-port current source fitted by interpolation was in good agreement with the measured one.
  PubDate: March 2023
  Issue No: Vol. 5, No. 1 (2023)
An Approach to Identify Noise-Source Parameters of DC–DC Converter and
Predict Conducted Emissions With Different Loads
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  Authors: Shuqi Zhang;Kengo Iokibe;Yoshitaka Toyota;
  Pages: 5 - 9
  Abstract: The black-box equivalent-circuit model is generally used to predict electromagnetic interference (EMI) from dc–dc converters for assisting with filter design. We previously proposed a Norton-based two-port equivalent-circuit model excluding load to investigate the load effect on EMI. The EMI prediction presupposes constant internal impedances independent of the load change with only the noise current source change dependent on the load change. Under these conditions, the noise current source at any load can be calculated by using the numerical interpolation method. In this work, we used a dc–dc buck converter with a switching frequency of 200 kHz and identified the model parameters precisely by applying the waveform decomposition method. The internal admittances were found to be almost constant with respect to load change and only the input-port current source decreased with load. We then applied the cubic spline interpolation method to fit the input-port current source and calculate it at any load. This approach was verified by predicting the input-port noise voltage for loads between 3.3 and $15.6~Omega $ . Below 80 MHz, where the input-port current source decreased with load, the input-port voltage predicted using the input-port current source fitted by interpolation was in good agreement with the measured one.
  PubDate: March 2023
  Issue No: Vol. 5, No. 1 (2023)
Comparison of ESD Damage Test for Common-Mode Chokes With ESD Gun and
TLP-HMM
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  Authors: Hironori Ito;Masahiro Yoshida;Yusuke Yano;Jianqing Wang;Takeshi Ishida;Masanori Sawada;
  Pages: 10 - 15
  Abstract: The method of electrostatic discharge (ESD) damage test for common-mode chokes has been standardized in IEC 62228–5 Annex E. However, there is a concern about the reproducibility of the ESD damage test using the ESD gun described therein. Against this background, the possibility of replacing the ESD gun with a transmission line pulse–human metal model (TLP-HMM) was investigated. The results of the ESD damage test using the ESD gun and TLP-HMM are found to be similar but not exactly the same, especially at low frequencies. Moreover, due to the different waveform generation principles and circuit configurations of the ESD gun and TLP-HMM, even if a load of the same structure is used to calibrate the ESD gun and TLP-HMM, when they are applied to other loads, it is still difficult to guarantee that the discharge currents are the same. The findings raise an issue on how to define a standard TLP-HMM so that it could provide the worst test result compared to the ESD gun.
  PubDate: March 2023
  Issue No: Vol. 5, No. 1 (2023)
Credibility Evaluation of Electromagnetic Simulation Results Based on
Convolutional Neural Network
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  Authors: Jinjun Bai;Yulei Liu;Dewu Kong;Kaibin Guo;
  Pages: 16 - 21
  Abstract: The core idea of the credibility evaluation method of electromagnetic simulation results is to replace the experts with an electromagnetic computing professional background to evaluate the credibility of simulation results. The representative algorithm is the feature selective validation (FSV) method proposed by the IEEE Standards Association. However, the existing credibility assessment methods all use statistical indicators or signal processing methods to simulate the real thoughts of experts and have not achieved true artificial intelligence. In this letter, a credibility evaluation method of simulation results based on a convolutional neural network is proposed, which aims to integrate the real ideas of experts (background knowledge of electromagnetic calculation) into the evaluation, instead of just mechanical numerical calculation, and to avoid evaluation errors caused by nonprofessional.
  PubDate: March 2023
  Issue No: Vol. 5, No. 1 (2023)
Improving the Performance of Direct-Conversion SDRs for Radiated
Precompliance Measurements
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  Authors: C. Spindelberger;H. Arthaber;
  Pages: 22 - 26
  Abstract: In this letter, a highly linear front end to improve the performance of software-defined radio (SDRs) for radiated precompliance measurements is presented. In CISPR band C/D, the test receiver needs to fulfill stringent requirements for using the quasi-peak detector. Usually, an expensive preselection filter bank is necessary to make fully compliant measurements of broadband transients. Direct-conversion-based SDRs show a limited out-of-the-box performance for precompliance measurements caused by, e.g., harmonic mixing and saturation effects. With the use of a triple-balanced mixer, a highly linear upconversion stage is built, eliminating the need for a filter bank. The dynamic range (DR) requirements for the SDR are strongly reduced by a narrowband intermediate frequency filter, making CISPR 16-1-1 compliant measurements possible. The sensitivity of the front end is comparable to professional receivers on the market, although no low-noise amplifier is implemented. The performance is verified by continuous wave (CW) and transient signals according to CISPR norms. The broadband measurement results are compared with traditional characterizations of the DR using the compression level and the noise figure. It shows that assumptions on the RF-link budget for a compliant design can be made with CW measurements. Based on our results, the requirements for the SDR front end are derived.
  PubDate: March 2023
  Issue No: Vol. 5, No. 1 (2023)
Combining Obsolescence and Temperature Stress to Evaluate the Immunity of
Voltage Regulators to Direct Power Injection in Long-Lifespan Systems
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  Authors: Jaber Al Rashid;Mohsen Koohestani;Richard Perdriau;Laurent Saintis;Mihaela Barreau;
  Pages: 27 - 32
  Abstract: This letter compares the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) performance of three different voltage regulator integrated circuits (ICs) (i.e., UA78L05, L78L05, and MC78L05) developed by three different manufacturers, with similar functionality and pin compatibility, under the influence of low and high temperature stress conditions (i.e., −30 °C and +100 °C). Direct power injection (DPI) was performed on these ICs to analyze the impact of applying thermal stress on the conducted immunity to the injection of a single-tone RF disturbance signal. The DPI immunity parameters were measured and recorded in real time for an incident amplified power, while the ICs were exposed to low and high thermal stress conditions. It was demonstrated that the minimum injected power required to reach the defined failure threshold voltage criterion $(pm 4$ %) varied over frequency depending on the ICs. Moreover, these functionally identical ICs showed significant evolution of their conducted immunity in all the considered temperatures, depending on their manufacturer. Input impedance curves were monitored at low, high, and nominal temperatures, showing a noticeable decline of impedance at high frequencies. Moreover, the equivalent $RLC$ values of the lumped elements (i.e., resistor, inductor, and capacitor) were extracted and compared at these aforementioned temperature conditions to model the power supply network impedance for the selected ICs. The immunity behavior of these ICs was further investigated by generating lookup table data from the DPI measurements.
  PubDate: March 2023
  Issue No: Vol. 5, No. 1 (2023)