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Frontiers in Marine Science
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This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Online) 2296-7745
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Integration of spatial justice into navigating the combat on illegal,
unreported and unregulated fishing in ocean and coastal areas
- Authors: Yuru He, Yan Li, Yanan Li, Jiangfeng Zhu
  Abstract: As a geographical dimension of justice, spatial justice is characterized by the interplay of social justice and heterogeneous spaces, including the ocean. Despite the generous contribution of ocean to humankind, concerns over aquatic spatial justice are disproportionately lacking. Among the core disruptors of ocean justice, illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing imposes a major threat to global fisheries governance. The synthesis of spatial analysis and justice perspective can generate new insights to help understand and potentially address IUU fishing. To examine the spatial (in)justices concerning IUU fishing, we first propose a novel tripartite framework that envisions space as a form of opportunity, society and rights to externalize its socio-environmental implications. Then we integrate productive, distributive and consumptive justices to examine the spatial variations of IUU stakeholders along the fish value chain, and use stakeholder analysis to investigate spatial powers and conflicts regarding both a micro scale of fish communities, and a macro scale of states (coastal state, flag state, port state and market state) and supernational players (regional fisheries management organizations and marine protected areas). It is discovered that certain regions provide greater spatial benefits that stimulate IUU behaviors; IUU misconducts cause spatial differentiation and spatial deprivation that disrupt social orders in fish communities; space can empower stakeholders’ inclusive and proper engagement into the place-based management process against IUU fishing. Since the spatialized vision has been increasingly highlighted in marine fisheries management, it is suggested to intervene in the world ocean by leveraging spatial knowledge, managing spatial conflicts and facilitating spatial action, in order to promote spatial justice and better combat IUU fishing globally.
  PubDate: 2024-03-28T00:00:00Z
Diversity and distribution of coral gall crabs associated with Red Sea
mesophotic corals
- Authors: Silvia Vimercati, Tullia I. Terraneo, Fabio Marchese, Ameer A. Eweida, Mattie Rodrigue, Vincent Pieribone, Mohammed Qurban, Carlos M. Duarte, Francesca Benzoni
  Abstract: Coral-dwelling gall crabs (Cryptochiridae) live in an obligate symbiosis with reef-building corals from shallow to deep waters. In particular, crabs of the genus Opecarcinus are known to occur across the tropical belt in association with the scleractinian family Agariciidae, down to a depth of 89 m. The Red Sea is a semi-enclosed basin that has long been recognized as a region of high marine biodiversity and endemism, with more than 230 decapod species recorded so far. There, nine Opecarcinus species are recorded from shallow and mesophotic corals. However, the occurrence of Opecarcinus below 30 m depth is documented only in the Saudi Arabian coast of the Northern Red Sea, and the rest of the Saudi Arabian Red Sea has remained unstudied. In this work, we assess the diversity and distribution of Opecarcinus from the mesophotic waters of the Saudi Arabian Red Sea. Through Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROV) and Submarines explorations, we collected 10 gall crab specimens associated with Agariciidae corals at mesophotic depths between 47 and 89 m. Two mitochondrial and one nuclear markers were used to obtain crab phylogenetic tree showing that three of the Opecarcinus species known from Red Sea shallow-water corals can also live at mesophotic depths. This is the first assessment of the depth distribution of the genus Opecarcinus in the Red Sea. It provides further evidence of the depth range adaptability of the Opecarcinus-Agariciidae association and highlights the need for a more in-depth investigation of the largely overlooked mesophotic coral-associated fauna.
  PubDate: 2024-03-28T00:00:00Z
Trophic niche of a neustonic copepod community sustained by local
production in high- and low-salinity summer water masses in the
northeastern East China Sea
- Authors: Jang Han Choi, Yoonja Kang, Chang-Keun Kang, Ho Young Soh
  Abstract: We investigated the trophic dynamics between neustonic copepod communities and particulate organic matter (POM) sourced from contrasting water masses, i.e., high- and low-salinity areas, within the northeastern East China Sea. The sampling of neustonic copepod communities occurred three times in the summer (June, August, and September) of 2021, and considered the influx of the Yangtze River Diluted Water (YRDW) and the extension of the Tsushima Warm Current (TWC). To examine the relationship between the neustonic copepods and surface POM, we employed stable isotope techniques. Surprisingly, the neustonic copepod community exhibited a reluctance to feed on surface POM. The neustonic copepod community in the YRDW-dominated area in August showed higher δ13C values than those in the TWC-dominated area. The trophic groups within the neustonic copepod population appeared to consume selectively depending on the individual preferred prey sizes and composition. Using the POM from the water masses that affected the food sources consumed by neustonic copepods, we found a strong dependence on prey items originating from the TWC. This result suggests that the marine neustonic copepod community does not rely significantly on food sources derived from riverine freshwater.
  PubDate: 2024-03-28T00:00:00Z
Analysis of influencing factors of carbon emissions from China’s marine
fishery energy consumption under different development scenarios
- Authors: Shanhong Ye
  Abstract: China’s rapid economic development has consumed a large amount of energy, causing serious environmental pollution problems and contributing to global warming. This paper calculates the carbon emissions of the fishery sector and uses Random Forest (RF) for the first time to analyze the influencing factors of future carbon emissions. The results of the study show that increasing carbon sinks dominate the reduction of carbon emissions in the fisheries sector. Carbon sinks will continue to dominate emission reductions in the fisheries sector if positive mitigation measures are taken. Continuing the current pattern of fisheries development, the fishery population has a significant impact on future carbon emissions. Per capita incomes under a crude economic model will inhibit carbon emission reductions. The research results can provide guidance for the development of fishery low carbon economy and the formulation of emission reduction policies.
  PubDate: 2024-03-28T00:00:00Z
Variations of surface marine heatwaves in the Northwest Pacific during
1993–2019
- Authors: Haiyan Wang, Youyu Lu, Li Zhai, Xingrong Chen, Shan Liu
  Abstract: Parameters of surface marine heatwaves (MHWs) in the Northwest Pacific during 1993–2019 are derived from two sea surface temperature (SST) products: the Optimum Interpolation SST based on satellite remote sensing (OISST V2.1) and the Global Ocean Physics Reanalysis based on data-assimilative global ocean model (GLORYS12V1). Similarities and differences between the MHW parameters derived from the two datasets are identified. The spatial distributions of the mean annual MHW total days, frequency, duration, mean intensity and cumulative intensity, and interannual variations of these parameters are generally similar, while the MHW total days and duration from GLORYS12V1 are usually higher than that from OISST V2.1. Based on seasonal-mean values from GLORYS12V1, longer MHW total days (>7) have the largest spatial coverage in both the shelf and deep waters in summer, while the smallest coverage in spring. In selected representative regions, interannual variations of the MHW total days are positively correlated with the SST anomalies. In summer, the MHW total days have positive correlations with the Western Pacific Subtropical High intensity, and negative correlations with the East Asia Monsoon intensity, over nearly the whole South China Sea (SCS) and the low-latitude Pacific. In winter, positive correlations with both the Subtropical High and Monsoon intensities present over the western part of SCS. Strong El Niño is followed by longer MHW total days over the western half of SCS in winter, and over the whole SCS and low-latitude Pacific in summer of the next year. These correlation relationships are valuable for developing forecasts of MHWs in the region.
  PubDate: 2024-03-28T00:00:00Z
Latest and comprehensive mitochondrial DNA haplotype data on green and
hawksbill turtles collected in their habitats in Japan
- Authors: Tomoko Hamabata, Kazunari Kameda, Ryota Hayashi, Junichi Okuyama, Isao Kawazu, Hideaki Nishizawa
  PubDate: 2024-03-28T00:00:00Z
Editorial: Understanding and predicting the Gulf of Mexico ocean dynamics
- Authors: Steven L. Morey, Ruoying He, Eric P. Chassignet, Julio Sheinbaum
  PubDate: 2024-03-28T00:00:00Z
Energy fluxes and vertical heat transfer in the Southern Baltic
Sea|Introduction|Methods|Results and discussion
- Authors: Daniel Rak, Anna Przyborska, Anna I. Bulczak, Lidia Dzierzbicka-Głowacka
  Abstract: IntroductionThis study investigates the dynamics of energy fluxes and vertical heat transfer in the Southern Baltic Sea, emphasizing the significant role of the dicothermal layer in modulating the penetration of the thermocline and the propagation rates of thermal energy. The research aims to elucidate the complex patterns of solar energy absorption, its conversion into sea surface temperature (SST), and the transference of this energy deeper into the marine environment.MethodsData were collected through 93 monitoring cruises by the Institute of Oceanology of the Polish Academy of Sciences (IOPAN) from 1998 to 2023, using a high-resolution towed probe technique alongside Argo floats data for the Baltic Proper from 2020 to 2023. ERA5 climate reanalysis dataset and NEMOv4.0 ocean model forecasts were also utilized for a comprehensive analysis of VITE, Top Net Short-Wave Radiation, SST, and energy budget across the Southern Baltic Sea.Results and discussionThe Southern Baltic Sea functions as a net energy sink, with an average energy budget of 5.48 W m-2, predominantly absorbing energy during daylight and emitting it from September to February. A 59-day lag between peak solar energy and VITE peak was observed, followed by an additional 6-day delay before peak SST. The study further reveals a 15-day delay in temperature phase shift per 10 meters depth due to the dicothermal layer's influence on thermal energy propagation, extending to 35 days in the Central and Northern Baltic. Heat transfer is significantly affected by the levels of the thermocline and halocline, with regional variations in advection-driven seasonal signals. The pronounced thermal inertia and the critical role of the dicothermal layer underscore the complexity of thermal energy distribution in the Southern Baltic Sea.
  PubDate: 2024-03-28T00:00:00Z
Editorial: Interaction between climate change and anthropogenic pressures
in the eutrophication process - volume II
- Authors: Alexandra Pavlidou, Michele Giani, Evgeniy V. Yakushev
  PubDate: 2024-03-28T00:00:00Z
Response of the copepod community to interannual differences in sea-ice
cover and water masses in the northern Barents Sea
- Authors: Christine Gawinski, Malin Daase, Raul Primicerio, Martí Amargant-Arumí, Oliver Müller, Anette Wold, Mateusz Roman Ormańczyk, Slawomir Kwasniewski, Camilla Svensen
  Abstract: The reduction of Arctic summer sea ice due to climate change can lead to increased primary production in parts of the Barents Sea if sufficient nutrients are available. Changes in the timing and magnitude of primary production may have cascading consequences for the zooplankton community and ultimately for higher trophic levels. In Arctic food webs, both small and large copepods are commonly present, but may have different life history strategies and hence different responses to environmental change. We investigated how contrasting summer sea-ice cover and water masses in the northern Barents Sea influenced the copepod community composition and secondary production of small and large copepods along a transect from 76°N to 83°N in August 2018 and August 2019. Bulk abundance, biomass, and secondary production of the total copepod community did not differ significantly between the two years. There were however significant spatial differences in the copepod community composition and production, with declining copepod abundance from Atlantic to Arctic waters and the highest copepod biomass and production on the Barents Sea shelf. The boreal Calanus finmarchicus showed higher abundance, biomass, and secondary production in the year with less sea-ice cover and at locations with a clear Atlantic water signal. Significant differences in the copepod community between areas in the two years could be attributed to interannual differences in sea-ice cover and Atlantic water inflow. Small copepods contributed more to secondary production in areas with no or little sea ice and their production was positively correlated to water temperature and ciliate abundance. Large copepods contributed more to secondary production in areas with extensive sea ice and their production was positively correlated with chlorophyll a concentration. Our results show how pelagic communities might function in a future ice-free Barents Sea, in which the main component of the communities are smaller copepods, and the secondary production they generate is available in energetically less resource-rich portions.
  PubDate: 2024-03-27T00:00:00Z
Detecting the role of Stokes drift under typhoon condition by a fully
coupled wave-current model
- Authors: Ting Yu, Zengan Deng, Chi Zhang, Amani Hamdi Ali
  Abstract: The impacts of Stokes drift and sea-state-dependent Langmuir turbulence (LT) on the three-dimensional ocean response to a tropical cyclone in the Bohai Sea are studied through two-way coupled wave-current simulations. The Stokes drift is calculated from the simulated wave spectrum of the wave model, Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN), and then input to the Princeton Ocean Model with the generalized coordinate system (POMgcs) to represent the Langmuir effect. The Langmuir circulation is included in the vertical mixing of the ocean model by adding the Stokes drift to the shear of the vertical mean current and by including LT enhancements to the Mellor-Yamada 2.5 turbulent closure submodel. Simulations are assessed through the case study of Typhoon Masta in 2005 with a set of diagnostic experiments that incorporated different terms of Stokes production (SP) respectively. It is shown that with the consideration of SP, a deeper mixed layer, an enhanced vertical mixing coefficient KMS, and a more accurate representation of the vertical temperature distribution could be derived. Moreover, the effect of LT in elevating the turbulence mixing is stronger than that of Coriolis Stokes force (CSF) and Craik-Leibovich vortex force (CLVF). LT has a greater influence on the vertical mixing during typhoon than that in normal weather.
  PubDate: 2024-03-27T00:00:00Z
Study on the hierarchical structure of container port systems along the
South China Sea in the context of low carbon emissions
- Authors: Yan Li, Zongnan Wu, Liang Sun, Jiafei Yue
  Abstract: Under the low-carbon background, 37 ports of countries along the South China Sea with capacity ranking in the world’s top 100 container ports are selected as the research object to establish a shipping network, construct a directed dichotomous shipping network, and divide the port tiers after finding the kernel number by using kernel analysis method, respectively, to explore the relationship between tiers and the relationship between ports at the higher level, and then make clear the direction of the improvement for the reduction of carbon emissions. The results show that: the routes sent between container ports in countries along the South China Sea have formed a more stable connection, but the receiving routes are still in a passive position, and the port call relationship is affected by the port hierarchy. High-level ports such as Shanghai Port and Singapore Port undertake the transshipment function of cargo concentration and redistribution within the network. The small-world characteristics among ports such as Singapore Port, Ningbo Port, Haiphong Port, Shenzhen Port, Guangzhou Port, and Linchaban Port are obvious. Based on the results of the empirical analysis, corresponding suggestions are put forward to optimize the structure of the container port system in the countries along the South China Sea and promote the low-carbon development of the sea.
  PubDate: 2024-03-27T00:00:00Z
Pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) larval rearing optimization: utilization of
lactic acid bacteria for improving microbiome diversity and digestive
enzyme activity
- Authors: Carlos Yanes-Roca, Eva Novakova, Eric Leclercq, Lukas Vesely, A. Galindo, J. A. Pérez, Tomas Penka, Tomas Policar
  Abstract: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) probiotics were evaluated for their impact on the microbiota and development of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) larvae during their initial feeding stage (first 21 days). Pikeperch larvae were exposed to LAB probiotics in two ways: (1) via the live-feed only (Treatment 1, live-feed) or (2) via the live-feed and the larval culture water (Treatment 2, probiotic) in comparison to a control group without LAB supplementation. Total length (TL), myomere height (MH), and survival rate were significantly increased in the probiotic compared the Control group. The administration of probiotics significantly positively influenced the microbiome’s diversity. Specifically, the relative abundance of Cytophagales decreased and that of several other taxa increased in both probiotic treatments although differences between treatments became statistically insignificant by day 21. Furthermore, the different treatments had distinct and significant impacts on digestive enzyme development such as protease and lipase, with the most prominent differences occurring at seven days post-hatching (dph). Taken together, these results indicate that the use of LAB in both the live-feed and rearing water has a positive impact on the larvae microbiota and digestive enzyme development in turn positively impacting their development and viability under intensive rearing conditions.
  PubDate: 2024-03-27T00:00:00Z
Multi-scale aware turbulence network for underwater object recognition
- Authors: Meng Zhou, Lei Cai, Jishen Jia, Yuhe Gao
  Abstract: Underwater imagery is subject to distortion, and the presence of turbulence in the fluid medium poses difficulties in accurately discerning objects. To tackle these challenges pertaining to feature extraction, this research paper presents a novel approach called the multi-scale aware turbulence network (MATNet) method for underwater object identification. More specifically, the paper introduces a module known as the multi-scale feature extraction pyramid network module, which incorporates dense linking strategies and position learning strategies to preprocess object contour features and texture features. This module facilitates the efficient extraction of multi-scale features, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of the identification process. Following that, the extracted features undergo refinement through comparison with positive and negative samples. Ultimately, the study introduces multi-scale object recognition techniques and establishes a multi-scale object recognition network for the precise identification of underwater objects, utilizing the enhanced multi-scale features. This process entails rectifying the distorted image and subsequently recognizing the rectified object. Extensive experiments conducted on an underwater distorted image enhancement dataset demonstrate that the proposed method surpasses state-of-the-art approaches in both qualitative and quantitative evaluations.
  PubDate: 2024-03-27T00:00:00Z
Glacial melt impacts carbon flows in an Antarctic benthic food web
- Authors: Ulrike Braeckman, Karline Soetaert, Francesca Pasotti, Maria Liliana Quartino, Ann Vanreusel, Leonardo A. Saravia, Irene R. Schloss, Dick van Oevelen
  Abstract: Most coastal glaciers on the West Antarctic Peninsula are in retreat. Glacial ice scouring and lithogenic particle runoff increase turbidity and shape soft sediment benthic communities. This, in turn, has the potential to induce a shift in these systems from an autotrophic to a heterotrophic state. In this study, we investigated the influence of glacial runoff on carbon flows in the soft-sediment food web of Potter Cove, a well-studied shallow fjord located in the northern region of the West Antarctic Peninsula. We constructed linear inverse food web models using a dataset that includes benthic carbon stocks as well as carbon production and respiration rates. The dataset offers detailed spatial information across three locations and seasonal variations spanning three seasons, reflecting different degrees of disturbance from glacial melt runoff. In these highly resolved food web models, we quantified the carbon flows from various resource compartments (phytoplankton detritus, macroalgae, microphytobenthos, sediment detritus) to consumers (ranging from prokaryotes to various functional groups in meio- and macrofauna). Locations and seasons characterized by high glacial melt runoff exhibited distinct patterns of carbon flow compared to those with low glacial melt runoff. This difference was primarily driven by a less pronounced benthic primary production pathway, an impaired microbial loop and a lower secondary production of the dominant bivalve Aequiyoldia eightsii and other infauna in the location close to the glacier. In contrast, the bivalve Laternula elliptica and meiofauna had the highest secondary production close to the glacier, where they are exposed to high glacial melt runoff. This study shows how the effects of glacial melt propagate from lower to higher trophic levels, thereby affecting the transfer of energy in the ecosystem.
  PubDate: 2024-03-27T00:00:00Z
Approaches for attaining clean bacterial fractions from complex
environmental samples
- Authors: Jaeyoung Yu, Marika Kawahisa, Aya Kinoshita, Abdullah Adham Zulmajdi, Tetsushi Mori
  Abstract: Marine bacteria have been targeted by industry and pharmaceutics as genetic resources for highly active enzymes or novel lead compounds. Although numerous techniques have been introduced to isolate useful bacteria from the environment, we are still highly dependent on the conventional direct cultivation method to attain pure cultures. However, efficient bacterial isolation is hindered by several factors, including the presence of impurities. In this work, to demonstrate the significance of removing impurities and their impact on bacterial isolation, we employed two approaches: dielectrophoresis (DEP) and fluorescent D-amino acids (FDAA). We successfully attained clean bacterial fractions applicable for downstream processing using these approaches, uniquely designed to identify bacteria based on their characteristics and features. The diversity of bacteria attained by both approaches was investigated using 16S rRNA sequencing and compared to that attained by the standard differential centrifugation method. In addition, the viability of the isolates was also determined via direct cultivation. As a result, the separation of bacteria from impurities allowed for the identification of novel and useful bacteria unique to each approach. Successful cultivation also suggested that both approaches were applicable for attaining viable bacteria. In conclusion, removing impurities to attain clean bacterial fractions promotes the isolation of novel bacteria and thus could aid in the successful isolation of useful bacteria within complex environmental samples.
  PubDate: 2024-03-27T00:00:00Z
Simultaneous determination of seawater trimethylamine and methanol by
purge and trap gas chromatography using dual nitrogen-phosphorus detector
and flame-ionization detector
- Authors: Fei Jiang, Zhen Zhou, Jin-Yan Wang, Wen-Jia Guan, Lei-Gang Han, Xian-Biao Lin, Guang-Chao Zhuang
  Abstract: Compounds containing one carbon atom or no carbon-carbon bond (C1 compounds), such as trimethylamine and methanol, are important climate relevant gases in the atmosphere and play key roles in global warming. The ocean is a significant source or sink of such compounds, while the concentrations of trimethylamine and methanol in seawater remain largely unconstrained due to the analytical challenges involved. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a continuous, rapid and sensitive method for the determination of these compounds with high polarity, volatility or solubility at low seawater concentrations. Here we developed a purge and trap system, coupled to a gas chromatography equipped with dual nitrogen phosphorus detector (NPD) and flame ionization detector (FID) for the simultaneous online analysis of trimethylamine and methanol at nanomolar range using a small sample volume (~ 10 mL). The dual detection of trimethylamine and methanol with NPD or FID was achieved by installing a capillary flow splitter between the capillary column and detectors. After modification and optimization of the setup and conditions, excellent linearity (R2> 0.99) and repeatability (< 6%) were obtained for both compounds; the detection limits for trimethylamine and methanol were 0.3 nM and 17.6 nM, respectively. Using this method, water samples collected from coastal and open ocean were analyzed; trimethylamine and methanol concentrations ranged from 0.6 to 18.8 nM and 26.0 to 256.2 nM, respectively. Collectively, this method allowed for online, rapid, sensitive and simultaneous quantification of trace trimethylamine and methanol concentrations with low-cost instrumentation and small sample volume, which makes it promising for further application in volatile compounds analysis in marine environments.
  PubDate: 2024-03-27T00:00:00Z
Relationship between the carbonate system and phytoplankton community in
the Gulf of Guinea-Africa
- Authors: Kouakou Urbain Koffi, Estelle Severine Konan, Abed EI Rahman Hassoun, Yves Kouadio
  Abstract: We carried out measurements of the CO2 system parameters to evaluate the impact of carbonate and nutrients’ chemistry on phytoplankton populations in the Gulf of Guinea (GoG). The seasonal variations of the CO2 system parameters (fCO2, DIC, pH and TA) along with nitrates and phosphates were quantified weekly at surface (between 0 and 5 m depth) (5.57°N - 4.57°W) in the GoG from May to December 2020. Seawater pH varied widely during the study period, ranging between 8.10-8.35 pH units; DIC and TA varied between 1810 and 2094 μmol kg-1, and between 2051 and 2216 μmol-1 respectively. DIC peaks coincided with the high upwelling period (August and September). For phytoplankton, a total of 60 species were found belonging to four taxonomic phyla: Bacillariophyta, Dinophyta, Chlorophyta and Dictyochophyta. The highest number of phytoplanktonic species were recorded for Bacillariophyta phylum with 36 species (60%). The phylum Dinophyta comprised 22 taxa (36%) and Chlorophyta and Dictyochophyta recorded only one species (2%). The highest specific diversities were observed in August and September with 29 and 26 taxa respectively and the lowest was found in October-November (5 taxa) and December (one taxa). Bacillariophyta and Dinophyta appeared throughout the entire study period. The only species for Chlorophyta phylum appeared in June and July and the Dictyochophyta’s one in May, July and August. In general, the physical (SST, SSS) and chemical (TA, DIC, pH) parameters influenced less than 50% of the phytoplankton population in the coastal area of the GoG. Our study shows that Bacillariophyta population grows up when the physicochemical parameters’ variability increase.
  PubDate: 2024-03-27T00:00:00Z
Best practices for Core Argo floats - part 1: getting started and data
considerations
- Authors: Tamaryn Morris, Megan Scanderbeg, Deborah West-Mack, Claire Gourcuff, Noé Poffa, T. V. S. Udaya Bhaskar, Craig Hanstein, Steve Diggs, Lynne Talley, Victor Turpin, Zenghong Liu, Breck Owens
  Abstract: Argo floats have been deployed in the global ocean for over 20 years. The Core mission of the Argo program (Core Argo) has contributed well over 2 million profiles of salinity and temperature of the upper 2000 m of the water column for a variety of operational and scientific applications. Core Argo floats have evolved such that the program currently consists of more than eight types of Core Argo float, some of which belong to second or third generation developments, three unique satellite communication systems (Argos, Iridium and Beidou) and two types of Conductivity, Temperature and Depth (CTD) sensor systems (Seabird and RBR). This, together with a well-established data management system, delayed mode data quality control, FAIR and open data access, make the program a very successful ocean observing network. Here we present Part 1 of the Best Practices for Core Argo floats in terms of how users can get started in the program, recommended metadata parameters and the data management system. The objective is to encourage new and developing scientists, research teams and institutions to contribute to the OneArgo Program, specifically to the Core Argo mission. Only by leveraging sustained contributions from current Core Argo float groups with new and emerging Argo teams and users who are eager to get involved and are actively encouraged to do so, can the OneArgo initiative be realized. This paper presents a list of best practices to get started in the program, set up the recommended metadata, implement the data management system with the aim to encourage new scientists, countries and research teams to contribute to the OneArgo Program.
  PubDate: 2024-03-27T00:00:00Z
Changes in hydrodynamics and nutrient load of the coastal bay induced by
Typhoon Talim (2023)
- Authors: Chunqing Chen, Qibin Lao, Xin Zhou, Qingmei Zhu, Fajin Chen
  Abstract: Typhoons can greatly alter the hydrodynamic and nutrient supply in coastal oceans. However, due to the complex conditions of typhoons, such as their intensity, even slight changes may cause substantial changes in hydrodynamics and nutrient supply, which needs to be better understood. In this study, we conducted two cruises before and after Typhoon Talim (2023) to quantitatively investigate changes in hydrodynamics and nutrient supply in Zhanjiang Bay using dual water isotopes. Before the typhoon, strong stratification occurred in the bay. However, the strong external force of the typhoon destroyed the stratification and substantially changed the water mixing in the bay after the typhoon. In the upper bay, massive freshwater input remarkably decreased the salinity during the post-typhoon period (freshwater increased by 18%). In contrast, the salinity variation in the lower bay was minimal, mainly due to massive seawater intrusion from the outer bay induced by the typhoon; the seawater mixed with freshwater columns from the upper bay, forming a strong ocean front. The intensity of ocean fronts induced by typhoons directly depended on the typhoon intensity landing in Zhanjiang Bay, as stronger typhoons will cause more intrusion of high-salinity seawater from the outer bay. Due to the formation of the ocean front, freshwater and terrestrial nutrients from the upper bay are prevented from being transported downwards, resulting in a large amount of accumulated pollutants within the bay. By contrast, due to the impact of high-salinity seawater intrusion, the contribution of seawater from the outer bay has increased, thereby diluting the nutrients in the lower bay. This study provides a new insight into the responses of coastal marine eco-environment systems to typhoons.
  PubDate: 2024-03-27T00:00:00Z

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