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China Ocean Engineering
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.541  Citation Impact (citeScore): 1 Number of Followers: 0  Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)ISSN (Print) 0890-5487 - ISSN (Online) 2191-8945 Published by Springer-Verlag  [2468 journals]
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- Study on Coupled Motion of Floating Hydrogen Storage Platform with Liquid
Hydrogen Sloshing-
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Abstract: Abstract The production of hydrogen on offshore platform can decrease reliance on the power grid, mitigate transmission losses of electricity, and diminish investment costs for subsea cables. In this study, the hydrodynamic performances of platforms equipped with two types of tanks separately are evaluated and are comprehensively compared with each other. The Volume of Fluid (VOF) two-phase flow model and the Shear-Stress Transport (SST) k–omega turbulence model are applied to simulate the motion responses of the C-type and Moss-type tanks under the same excitation force of platform based on the time-frequency response results of platforms. Comparisons are made among the shape of the liquid hydrogen surface, variations of the wall pressures, changes of the gas-liquid temperatures, and the pressure drop phenomena induced by phase changes inside the tanks. The results indicate that the interaction between wave-induced excitation force and sloshing force from tanks can either increase or decrease the amplitude of platform’s motion. Meanwhile, the thermodynamic responses of liquid hydrogen sloshing inside the tanks correlate positively with the dynamic behavior. Compared with Moss-type tanks, the sloshing of liquid hydrogen in C-type tanks is more intense, accompanied by jetting and breaking wave phenomena. For the C-type tanks, the substantial increase in interfacial area significantly enhances phase change condensation and heat transfer, leading to the rapid decline in temperature and pressure inside the tanks. The results of this study can provide valuable insights for the future design of floating hydrogen storage platform and the selection of tanks on the platform.
PubDate: 2024-07-23
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- Typhoon-Induced Ocean Waves and Stokes Drift: A Case Study of Typhoon
Mangkhut (2018)-
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Abstract: Abstract Ocean waves and Stokes drift are generated by typhoons. This study investigated the characteristics of ocean waves and wave-induced Stokes drift and their effects during Typhoon Mangkhut using European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA5 datasets and observational data. The results revealed that the typhoon generated intense cyclones and huge typhoon waves with a maximum wind speed of 45 m/s, a minimum pressure of 955 hPa, and a maximum significant wave height of 12 m. The Stokes drift caused by typhoon waves exceeded 0.6 m/s, the Stokes depth scale exceeded 18 m, and the maximum Stokes transport reached 6 m2/s. The spatial distribution of 10-m wind speed, typhoon wave height, Stokes drift, Stokes depth, and Stokes transport during the typhoon was highly correlated with the typhoon track. The distribution along the typhoon track showed significant zonal asymmetry, with greater intensity on the right side of the typhoon track than on the left side. These findings provide important insights into the impact of typhoons on ocean waves and Stokes drift, thus improving our understanding of the interactions between typhoons and the ocean environment. This study also investigated the contribution of Stokes transport to the total net transport during typhoons using Ekman-Stokes Numbers as a comparative measure. The results indicated that the ratio of Stokes transport to the total net transport reached up to 50% within the typhoon radius, while it was approximately 30% outside the radius. Strong Stokes transport induced by typhoon waves led to divergence in the transport direction, which resulted in upwelling of the lower ocean as a compensation current. Thus, Stokes transport played a crucial role in the vertical mixing of the ocean during typhoons. The findings suggested that Stokes transport should be paid more attention to, particularly in high latitude ocean regions, where strong winds can amplify its effects.
PubDate: 2024-06-29
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- Wave Attenuation and Turbulence Driven by Submerged Vegetation Under
Current–Wave Flow-
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Abstract: Abstract A set of laboratory experiments are carried out to investigate the effect of following/opposing currents on wave attenuation. Rigid vegetation canopies with aligned and staggered configurations were tested under the condition of various regular wave heights and current velocities, with the constant water depth being 0.60 m to create the desired submerged scenarios. Results show that the vegetation-induced wave dissipation is enhanced with the increasing incident wave height. A larger velocity magnititude leads to a greater wave height attenuation for both following and opposing current conditions. Moreover, there is a strong positive linear correlation between the damping coefficient β and the relative wave height H0/h, especially for pure wave conditions. For the velocity profile, the distributions of Umin and Umax show different patterns under combined wave and current. The time-averaged turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) vary little under pure wave and Uc = ±0.05 m/s conditions. With the increase of flow velocity amplitude, the time-averaged TKE shows a particularly pronounced increase trend at the top of the canopy. The vegetation drag coefficients are obtained by a calibration approach. The empirical relations of drag coefficient with Reynolds and Keulegane–Carpenter numbers are proposed to further understand the wave-current-vegetation interaction mechanism.
PubDate: 2024-06-18
DOI: 10.1007/s13344-024-0047-5
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- A Rapid Crack Detection Technique Based on Attention for Intelligent
M&O of Cross-Sea Bridge-
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Abstract: Abstract Rapid and accurate segmentation of structural cracks is essential for ensuring the quality and safety of engineering projects. In practice, however, this task faces the challenge of finding a balance between detection accuracy and efficiency. To alleviate this problem, a lightweight and efficient real-time crack segmentation framework was developed. Specifically, in the network model system based on an encoding-decoding structure, the encoding network is equipped with packet convolution and attention mechanisms to capture features of different visual scales in layers, and in the decoding process, we also introduce a fusion module based on spatial attention to effectively aggregate these hierarchical features. Codecs are connected by pyramid pooling model (PPM) filtering. The results show that the crack segmentation accuracy and real-time operation capability larger than 76% and 15 fps, respectively, are validated by three publicly available datasets. These wide-ranging results highlight the potential of the model for the intelligent O&M for cross-sea bridge.
PubDate: 2024-06-08
DOI: 10.1007/s13344-024-0068-0
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- Negative Stiffness Mechanism on An Asymmetric Wave Energy Converter by
Using A Weakly Nonlinear Potential Model-
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Abstract: Abstract Salter’s duck, an asymmetrical wave energy converter (WEC) device, showed high efficiency in extracting energy from 2D regular waves in the past; yet, challenges remain for fluctuating wave conditions. These can potentially be addressed by adopting a negative stiffness mechanism (NSM) in WEC devices to enhance system efficiency, even in highly nonlinear and steep 3D waves. A weakly nonlinear model was developed which incorporated a nonlinear restoring moment and NSM into the linear formulations and was applied to an asymmetric WEC using a time domain potential flow model. The model was initially validated by comparing it with published experimental and numerical computational fluid dynamics results. The current results were in good agreement with the published results. It was found that the energy extraction increased in the range of 6% to 17% during the evaluation of the effectiveness of the NSM in regular waves. Under irregular wave conditions, specifically at the design wave conditions for the selected test site, the energy extraction increased by 2.4%, with annual energy production increments of approximately 0.8 MWh. The findings highlight the potential of NSM in enhancing the performance of asymmetric WEC devices, indicating more efficient energy extraction under various wave conditions.
PubDate: 2024-06-08
DOI: 10.1007/s13344-024-0054-6
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- Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Undular Tidal Bores in the Qiantang River
Based on Field Observations-
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Abstract: Abstract Understanding the undular tidal bores in the Qiantang River is essential for effective river management and maintenance. While breaking tidal bores have been studied extensively, reports on undular tidal bores in the Qiantang River remain limited. Furthermore, observed data on undular tidal bores fulfilling the requirements of short measurement time intervals, and spring, medium, and neap tide coverage, and providing detailed data for the global vertical stratification of flow velocity are quite limited. Based on field observations at Qige in the Qiantang estuary, we analyzed the characteristics of undular tidal bores. The results showed that the flooding amplitude (a) of the first wave is always larger than its ebbing amplitude (b). Moreover, the vertical distribution of the maximum flood velocity exhibites three shapes, influenced by the tidal range, while that of the maximum ebb velocity exhibites a single shape. During the initial phase of the flood tide in the spring and medium tides, the upper water body experiences multiple oscillating changes along the flow direction, corresponding to the alternating process of the crest and trough of the tide level upon the arrival of the tidal bore. The tidal range is a crucial parameter in tidal bore hydrodynamics. By establishing the relationship between hydrodynamic parameters and tidal range, other hydrodynamic parameters, such as the tidal bore height, maximum flood depth-averaged velocity, maximum flood stratified velocity at the measurement points, and duration of the flood tide current, can be effectively predicted, thereby providing an important reference for river management and maintenance.
PubDate: 2024-06-01
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- Aero-Hydro-Elastic-Servo Modeling and Dynamic Response Analysis of A
Monopile Offshore Wind Turbine Under Different Operating Scenarios-
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Abstract: Abstract This paper constructs a coupled aero-hydro-elastic-servo simulation framework for a monopile offshore wind turbine (OWT). In this framework, a detailed multi-body dynamics model of the monopile OWT including the gearbox, blades, tower and other components (nacelle, hub, bedplate, etc.) has been explicitly established. The effects of pile–soil interaction, controller and operational conditions on the turbine dynamic responses are studied systematically in time domain and frequency domain. The results show that (1) a comprehensive drivetrain model has the capability to provide a more precise representation of the complex dynamic characteristics exhibited by drivetrain components, which can be used as the basis for further study on the dynamic characteristics of the drivetrain. (2) The pile–soil interaction can influence the wind turbine dynamic responses, particularly under the parked condition. (3) The effect of the pile–soil interaction on tower responses is more significant than that on blade responses. (4) The use of the controller can substantially affect the rotor characteristics, which in turn influences the turbine dynamic responses. (5) The tower and blade displacements under the operational condition are much larger than those under the parked condition. The model and methodology presented in this study demonstrate potential for examining complex dynamic behaviors of the monopile OWTs. To ensure accuracy and precision, it is imperative to construct a detailed model of the wind turbine system, while also taking into account simulation efficiency.
PubDate: 2024-06-01
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- Hydrodynamic Assessment of A New Nature-Based Armour Unit on Rubble Mound
Breakwater for Coastal Protection-
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Abstract: Abstract This research proposes a novel nature-based design of a new concrete armour unit for the cover layer of a rubble-mound breakwater. Armour units are versatile with respect to shape, orientation, surface condition details, and porosity. Therefore, a detailed analysis is required to investigate the exact state of their hydraulic interactions and structural responses. In this regard, the performance results of several traditional armour units, including the Antifer cube, Tetrapod, X-block and natural stone, are considered for the first step of this study. Then, the related observed results are compared with those obtained for a newly designed (artificial coral) armour unit. The research methodology utilizes the common wave flume test procedure. Furthermore, several verified numerical models in OpenFOAM code are used to gain the extra required data. The proposed armour is configured to provide an effective shore protection as an environmental-friendly coastal structure. Thus it is designed with a main trunk including deep grooves to imitate the typical geometry of a coral type configuration, so as to attain desirable performance. The observed results and an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) concept are used to compare the hydraulic performance of the studied traditional and newly proposed (artificial coral) armour units. The results indicate that the artificial coral armour unit demonstrates acceptable performance. The widely used traditional armour units might be replaced by newer designs for better wave energy dissipation, and more importantly, for fewer adverse effects on the marine environment.
PubDate: 2024-06-01
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- Coupling of RANS and BEM Solvers for Simulation of Propeller Behind the
Hull in Full Appended Model-
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Abstract: Abstract To design a propeller for ship power plant, the interaction between ship hull and propeller must be taken into account. The main concern is to apply the wake effect of ship stern on the propeller performance. In this paper, a coupled BEM (Boundary Element Method)/RANS (Renolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes) solver is used to simulate propeller behind the hull in the self-propulsion test. The motivation of this work is to develop a practical tool to design marine propulsion system without suffering long computational time. An unsteady boundary element method which is also known as panel method is chosen to estimate the propeller forces. Propeller wakes are treated using a time marching wake alignment method. Also, a RANS code coupled with VoF equation is developed to consider the ship motions and wake field effects in the problem. A coupling algorithm is developed to interchange ship wake field to the potential flow solver and propeller thrust to the RANS code. Based on the difference between hull resistance and the propeller thrust, a PI controller is developed to compute the propeller RPM in every time step. Verification of the solver is carried out using the towing tank test report of a 50 m oceanography research vessel. Wake factor and trust deduction coefficient are estimated numerically. Also, the wake rollup pattern of the propeller in open water is compared with the propeller in real wake field.
PubDate: 2024-06-01
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- A Time-Domain Numerical Simulation for Free Motion Responses of Two Ships
Advancing in Head Waves-
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Abstract: Abstract The constant panel method within the framework of potential flow theory in the time domain is developed for solving the hydrodynamic interactions between two parallel ships with forward speed. When solving problems within a time domain framework, the free water surface needs to simultaneously satisfy both the kinematic and dynamic boundary conditions of the free water surface. This provides conditions for adding artificial damping layers. Using the Runge–Kutta method to solve equations related to time. An upwind differential scheme is used in the present method to deal with the convection terms on the free surface to prevent waves upstream. Through the comparison with the available experimental data and other numerical methods, the present method is proved to have good mesh convergence, and satisfactory results can be obtained. The constant panel method is applied to calculate the hydrodynamic interaction responses of two parallel ships advancing in head waves. Numerical simulations are conducted on the effects of forward speed, different longitudinal and lateral distances on the motion response of two modified Wigley ships in head waves. Then further investigations are conducted on the effects of different ship types on the motion response.
PubDate: 2024-06-01
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- Investigation of Maxima Assumptions in Modelling Tropical Cyclone-Induced
Hazards in the South China Sea-
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Abstract: Abstract The present study aims to examine the suitability of two commonly used assumptions that simplify modelling metocean conditions for designing offshore wind turbines in the South China Sea (SCS). The first assumption assumes that joint N-year extreme wind and wave events can be independently estimated and subsequently combined. The second one assumes peak wind and waves can be modelled as occurring simultaneously during a tropical cyclone (TC) event. To better understand the potential TC activity, a set of 10000 years synthetic TC events are generated. The wind field model and the Mike 21 spectral wave model are employed to model the TC-induced hazards. Subsequently, the effect of the assumptions is evaluated by analyzing the peak structural response of both monopile and semisubmersible offshore wind turbines during TC events. The results demonstrate that the examined assumptions are generally accurate. By assessing the implications of these assumptions, valuable insights are obtained, which can inform and improve the modelling of TC-induced hazards in the SCS region.
PubDate: 2024-06-01
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- Experimental Study on Vortex-Induced Vibration of Rough Risers Coupling
with Interference Effect in Tandem Arrangement-
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Abstract: Abstract In order to study the response law of vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of marine risers under the combined action of roughness and interference effects, and to reveal the coupling mechanism of roughness and interference effects on the riser, a VIV experiment of rough risers in tandem arrangement was conducted in a wave–current combined flume. The experiment characterized the risers’ roughness by arranging different specifications of attachments on the surface of the risers. Three rough risers with different roughness and smooth risers were arranged in tandem arrangement, with the rough risers arranged downstream. The experimental results indicate that the suppression of the attachments on the downstream risers’ vibration are more significant both in the CF and IL directions as the reduced velocity increases. For the downstream riser, the amplitude response of rough riser is more significantly weakened compared with the smooth one at high reduced velocity. For the upstream risers, changes in the roughness and spacing ratio have an impact on their ‘lock-in’ region. When the roughness of downstream risers is relatively large (0.1300) and the spacing between risers is small (S/D=4.0), the reduced velocity range of ‘lock-in’ region in the CF direction of upstream risers is obviously expanded, and the displacement in the ‘lock-in’ region is severer.
PubDate: 2024-06-01
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- Configuration Synthesis and Grasping Performance Analysis of Multi-Loop
Coupling Capture Mechanism for Launch and Recovery of Torpedo-Shaped
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle-
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Abstract: Abstract Research of capture mechanisms with strong capture adaptability and stable grasp is important to solve the problem of launch and recovery of torpedo-shaped autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). A multi-loop coupling capture mechanism with strong adaptability and high retraction rate has been proposed for the launch and recovery of torpedo-shaped AUVs with different morphological features. Firstly, the principle of capturing motion retraction is described based on the appearance characteristics of torpedo-shaped AUVs, and the configuration synthesis of the capture mechanism is carried out using the method of constrained chain synthesis. Secondly, the screw theory is employed to analyze the degree of freedom (DoF) of the capture mechanism. Then, the 3D model of the capture mechanism is established, and the kinematics and dynamics simulations are carried out. Combined with the capture orientation requirements of the capture mechanism, the statics and vibration characteristics analyses are carried out. Furthermore, considering the capture process and the underwater working environment, the motion characteristics and hydraulics characteristics of the capture mechanism are analyzed. Finally, a principle prototype is developed and the torpedo-shaped AUVs capture experiment is completed. The work provides technical reserves for the research and development of AUV capture special equipment.
PubDate: 2024-06-01
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- Experimental Study on Towing Characteristics of Composite Bucket Wellhead
Platform-
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Abstract: Abstract With the rapid development of large-scale development of marginal oilfields in China, simple wellhead platforms that are simple in structure and easy to install have become an inevitable choice in the process of oilfield development. However, traditional simple wellhead platforms are often discarded after a single use. In pursuit of a more cost-effective approach to developing marginal oilfields, this paper proposes a new offshore oil field development facility—an integrated bucket foundation for wellhead platform. To verify the safety of its towing behavior and obtain the dynamic response characteristics of the structure, this paper takes a bucket integrated bucket foundation for wellhead platform with a diameter of 40 m as the research object. By combining physical model tests and numerical simulations, it analyzes the static stability and dynamic response characteristics of the structure during towing, complete with the effects of the draft, wave height, wave period, and towing point height, which produce the dynamic responses of the structure under different influence factors, such as roll angle, pitch angle, heave acceleration and towing force as well as the sensibility to transport variables. The results show that the integrated bucket foundation for wellhead platform is capable of self-floating towing, and its movement is affected by the local environment, which will provide a reference for actual projects.
PubDate: 2024-06-01
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- Effect of Artificial Electric Field Surface by Wave-Driven
Triboelectricity on Anti-Bioadhesion for Riser Protection-
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Abstract: Abstract Biofouling has been a persistent problem in marine riser system, resulting in energy waste and equipment damage. In this study, a kind of water wave-driven contact-mode flexible triboelectric nanogeneration has been prepared by using graphene-doped PDMS as dielectric friction material. When the graphene content is 2%, the average output voltage can reach 46 V under the contact frequency 10 Hz. The flexible triboelectric nanogeneration encapsulation module is impinged by water waves to generate alternating microelectric field on the riser surface and destroy the adhesion conditions of microorganisms during the biofilm stage. In the biofouling experiments at different stages, the biofouling area of the platymonas subcordiformis has been reduced by 53%, 62% and 61%. It provides a new idea for effective treatment of biofouling of mussels, oysters and barnacles attached to risers.
PubDate: 2024-06-01
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- Structural Strength Study of A Floating Wind Turbine Under Freak Waves
Through the CFD-FEA Method-
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Abstract: Abstract In recent years, the exploitation of offshore wind resources has been attached with greater importance. As a result, semi-submersible floating wind turbines (FWTs) have gradually become a popular research topic, with the structural strength being a research hotspot as it can ensure the safe operation of FWTs. The severe sea conditions of freak waves result in enormous wave heights, extremely fast wave speeds, and concentrated energy. Thus, it is difficult to accurately simulate these effects on the loads of floating wind turbines using the potential flow theory and other theories. In this paper, the structural strength of a floating wind turbine under the action of freak waves is analyzed based on the CFD-FEA coupled method. The effects of the mooring system and the wind load are considered in the time domain, and the CFD method is applied to analyze the wave load of the floating wind turbine under the extreme sea state of freak waves. The strength and motion of the floating wind turbine float structure are analyzed by combining the CFD method and the FEA method, and the analytical results of the mutual transfer of these two methods are taken as the initial quantities for further analysis. The accuracy of the analytical model of the CFD-FEA method is verified by the results of the tank test analysis, and the structural strength analysis under freak wave conditions is carried out for a new type of floating wind turbine. The results of this research provide useful guidance and references for the design and engineering applications of offshore floating wind turbines.
PubDate: 2024-05-17
DOI: 10.1007/s13344-024-0073-3
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- Numerical Study on the Effect of Gap Diffraction on the Hydrodynamic
Performance of A Floating Breakwater-
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Abstract: Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) flume experiments are useful in investigating the performances of floating breakwaters (FBs), including hydrodynamic performances, motion responses, and mooring forces. Designing a reasonable gap between the flume wall and the FBs is a critical step in 2D flume tests. However, research on the effect of the gap on the accuracy of 2D FB experimental results is scarce. To address this issue, a numerical wave tank is developed using CFD to estimate the wave-FB interaction of a moored dual-cylindrical FB, and the results are compared to experimental data from a previously published work. There is good agreement between them, indicating that the numerical model is sufficiently accurate. The numerical model is then applied to explore the effect of gap diffraction on the performance of FBs in 2D experiments. It was discovered that the nondimensional gap length LGap/WPool should be smaller than 7.5% to ensure that the relative error of the transmission coefficient is smaller than 3%. The influence of the gap is also related to the entering wave properties, such as the wave height and period.
PubDate: 2024-05-09
DOI: 10.1007/s13344-024-0051-9
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- Multiparameter Numerical Investigation of Two Types of Moving Interactions
Between the Deep-Sea Mining Vehicle Track Plate and Seabed Soil: Digging
and Rotating Motions-
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Abstract: Abstract To ensure the safe performance of deep-sea mining vehicles (DSMVs), it is necessary to study the mechanical characteristics of the interaction between the seabed soil and the track plate. The rotation and digging motions of the track plate are important links in the contact between the driving mechanism of the DSMV and seabed soil. In this study, a numerical simulation is conducted using the coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian (CEL) large deformation numerical method to investigate the interaction between the track plate of the DSMV and the seabed soil under two working conditions: rotating condition and digging condition. First, a soil numerical model is established based on the elasto-plastic mechanical characterization using the basic physical and mechanical properties of the seabed soil obtained by in situ sampling. Subsequently, the soil disturbance mechanism and the dynamic mechanical response of the track plate under rotating and digging conditions are obtained through the analysis of the sensitivity of the motion parameters, the grouser structure, the layered soil features and the soil heterogeneity. The results indicate that the above parameters remarkably influence the interaction between the DSMV and the seabed soil. Therefore, it is important to consider the rotating and digging motion of the DSMV in practical engineering to develop a detailed optimization design of the track plate.
PubDate: 2024-05-01
DOI: 10.1007/s13344-024-0033-y
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- Numerical Study on the Aerodynamic and Fluid–Structure Interaction
of An NREL-5MW Wind Turbine-
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Abstract: Abstract A 5-MW wind turbine has been modeled and analyzed for fluid-structure interaction and aerodynamic performance. In this study, a full-scale model of a 5-MW wind turbine is first developed based on a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach, in which the unsteady, noncompressible Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) method is used. The main focus of the study is to analyze the tower shadow effect on the aerodynamic performance of the wind turbine under different inlet flow conditions. Subsequently, the finite element model is established by considering fluid/structure interactions to study the structural stress, displacement, strain distributions and flow field information of the structure under the uniform wind speed. Finally, the fluid-structure interaction model is established by considering turbulent wind and the tower shadow effect. The variation rules of the dynamic response of the one-way and two-way fluid–structure interaction (FSI) models under different wind speeds are analyzed, and the numerical calculation results are compared with those of the centralized mass model. The results show that the tower shadow effect and structural deformation are the main factors affecting the aerodynamic load fluctuation of the wind turbine, which in turn affects the aerodynamic performance and structural stability of the blades. The structural dynamic response of the coupled model shows significant similarity, while the structural displacement response of the former exhibits less fluctuation compared with the conventional centralized mass model. The one-way fluid-structure interaction (FSI) model shows a higher frequency of stress-strain and displacement oscillations on the blade compared with the two-way FSI model.
PubDate: 2024-05-01
DOI: 10.1007/s13344-024-0030-1
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- An Innovative Coupled Common-Node Discrete Element Method-Smoothed
Particle Hydrodynamics Model Developed with LS-DYNA and Its Applications-
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Abstract: Abstract In this study, a common-node DEM-SPH coupling model based on the shared node method is proposed, and a fluid–structure coupling method using the common-node discrete element method-smoothed particle hydrodynamics (DS-SPH) method is developed using LS-DYNA software. The DEM and SPH are established on the same node to create common-node DEM-SPH particles, allowing for fluid–structure interactions. Numerical simulations of various scenarios, including water entry of a rigid sphere, dam-break propagation over wet beds, impact on an ice plate floating on water and ice accumulation on offshore structures, are conducted. The interaction between DS particles and SPH fluid and the crack generation mechanism and expansion characteristics of the ice plate under the interaction of structure and fluid are also studied. The results are compared with available data to verify the proposed coupling method. Notably, the simulation results demonstrated that controlling the cutoff pressure of internal SPH particles could effectively control particle splashing during ice crushing failure.
PubDate: 2024-04-02
DOI: 10.1007/s13344-024-0037-7
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