JournalTOCs

Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.39

Citation Impact (citeScore): 1
Number of Followers: 8

Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
ISSN (Print) 1024-8560 - ISSN (Online) 2070-0393
Published by Springer-Verlag

[2467 journals]

Dry Deposition of Water-Soluble Inorganic Components at Irkutsk Station in
2020
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  Abstract: The chemical composition of dry deposition in the Eastern Siberian industrial center Irkutsk (Russia) in 2020 is analyzed. The content of \({\text{PO}}_{4}^{{3 - }}\) in the dry deposition was high in the warm season, especially under calm weather. In autumn, the average concentration of \({\text{NH}}_{4}^{ + }\) was three times higher as compared to August; Si2+, two times higher, and \({\text{PO}}_{4}^{{3 - }},\) three times lower.
  PubDate: 2022-12-01
Estimation of H2O Molecule Orientation Type in the Adsorbed Layer on a
SiO2 Aerogel Nanopore Surface
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  Abstract: — A possibility of determining the orientation of H2O molecules adsorbed on the surface of SiO2 aerogel nanopores is studied. The energy of interaction between a free H2O molecule and H2O molecules adsorbed on the surface of a nanopore is found from a quantum-chemical calculation for the cases of their chaotic and ordered orientations. Experimental data on the broadening of the vibrational–rotational absorption lines of H2O in aerogel nanopores are analyzed. They are shown to correspond to the model of orderly oriented H2O molecules on the nanopore surface.
  PubDate: 2022-12-01
Concentration and Composition of Cultured Microorganisms in Atmospheric
Air Aerosols in Novosibirsk Depending on the Season
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  Abstract: Microorganisms of atmospheric aerosols sampled at four sites with different anthropogenic load in Novosibirsk in the period from September 2020 to December 2021 are studied. Atmospheric aerosols were sampled monthly by atmospheric air filtration on reinforced Teflon membranes Sartorius for 12 h, with two-week lags. Under those sampling conditions, spore-forming bacteria of the genus Bacillus and cocci of the genera Staphylococcus and Micrococcus predominated among the cultured bacteria in winter. In the spring–summer and autumn samples of atmospheric aerosols, the concentrations and diversity of coccal forms, spore-forming and non-spore-forming bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi sharply increased. We have identified a significant number of hemolytic spore-forming bacteria and staphylococci, which are multiresistant to antibiotics and have enzymes contributing to the development of an infectious process.
  PubDate: 2022-12-01
Optimal Light Focusing with a Fresnel Mesowavelength Phase Plate with
Stepped Zone Profile
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  Abstract: Results of numerical simulation of the optical radiation focusing by Fresnel zone plates (ZP) with the wavelength-scale (mesowavelength) dimensions and the two-layer profile of phase ridges are presented. We show that the dimensions and intensity of the focusing area are sensitive to the ZP design. By changing the phase step shape (height and width of plate faces) it is possible to significantly improve the light field characteristics in the focusing region due to smoothing the wave phase profile after passing through individual ZP layers. The comparison is made with the case of conventional binary ZP.
  PubDate: 2022-12-01
The Relationship between Particulate Air Pollution and Mortality: The Case
of Tomsk, Russia
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  Abstract: — The impact of suspended particles in the urban air on the health of different groups of the population of Tomsk, Russia, is studied. It is shown that women are generally most susceptible to the adverse effects of aerosol air pollution and extreme (high summer and low winter) air temperatures. Women at age of 65–74 are the most vulnerable to the environment hazards. The age-and-sex matched analysis of mortality allows us to determined groups of population (age, causes of death) the most susceptible to high aerosol concentrations and extreme air temperatures: women aged 65–74, cancer of the digestive system, breast cancer, and acute myocardial infarction; women aged 34–50, undetermined causes; women aged 75–87, breast-pang; men aged 53–65, other forms of coronary artery disease; men 78+, male reproductive organ cancer. The general mortality of the population is shown to be mainly due factors not studied in this work. However, the risk of the negative impact of air pollution is significant for the selected groups of population in the region under study.
  PubDate: 2022-12-01
Analysis of the Correctness of Retrieving the Vertical Atmospheric
Temperature Distribution from Lidar Signals of Molecular Scattering at the
Main Lidar of the Siberian Lidar Station
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  Abstract: The methodological issues of lidar measurements of the vertical distribution of atmospheric temperature up to altitudes of 90 km are considered. The method is based on lidar measurements of the vertical profile of atmospheric molecular density using the Rayleigh scattering effect. The results obtained in the upgraded channel of the Rayleigh scattering of the 2.2-m diameter lidar based on the main mirror of the Siberian Lidar Station (SLS) are discussed. One of problems in carrying out measurements with the use of large-diameter telescopes is the giant dynamic range of lidar responses. The work with this range requires special attention both to the methodology and to the experimental technique. For solving this problem, an improved technique for the retrieval of temperature from molecular backscattering lidar signals is proposed. Numerical experiments have shown that the accuracy of the temperature profile retrieval depends on the choice of the position of the calibration point and the error in setting the temperature in it. The technique of the temperature profile retrieval, when the calibration point is chosen at the top of a sounding path, is sufficiently stable even under conditions of a giant dynamic range of lidar responses at the SLS. The comparison of the results of temperature retrieval from the real lidar responses with the satellite measurement data revealed significant discrepancies associated with the distorting instrumental and atmospheric effects on the lidar signal shape. A correction procedure based on the lidar calibration can significantly reduce measurement errors.
  PubDate: 2022-12-01
Estimation of the Distribution of Suspended Matter by Biooptical Indices
Taking into Account Hydrometeorological Factors in the Coastal Zone of
Crimea
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  Abstract: The study shows a possibility of practical application of remote sensing data for digital marking and estimation of the areas of regions with a high content of suspended matter in coastal sea waters. The relations between seasonal and domestic winds and cases of high suspended matter content are shown based on data of high- and medium-resolution optical satellite sensors in 2017–2019 for a region at southwestern coast of Crimea. The contribution of continental runoff depends on the season; it is lower than the wind contribution. The approach suggested can be useful for prompt mapping of the dynamics of suspended matter based on observations from several satellites.
  PubDate: 2022-12-01
Spatiotemporal Variations in Atmospheric Aerosol Characteristics over the
Kara, Barents, Norwegian, and Greenland Seas (2018–2021 Expeditions)
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  Abstract: We discuss the results from measurements of aerosol physicochemical characteristics in summer 2021 in the Greenland–Kara sector of the Arctic Ocean (the 83rd and 84th cruises of RV Akademik Mstislav Keldysh). The studied characteristics included: the aerosol optical depth of the atmosphere, the aerosol and black carbon concentrations, as well as the chemical composition of aerosol samples, i.e., the concentrations of the main elements, the concentrations of organic and elemental carbon, and the isotopic composition of carbon. For most aerosol characteristics, we noted lower average values as compared to the three previous expeditions. Taking into the consideration the data from previous expeditions, we estimated the differences in the aerosol and black carbon concentrations over the Kara, Barents, Norwegian, and Greenland Seas.
  PubDate: 2022-12-01
Height of the Mixing Layer under Conditions of Temperature Inversions:
Experimental Data and Model Estimates
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  Abstract: Results of comparing model estimates of the mixing layer height in the boundary layer of the atmosphere under conditions of ground inversions of air temperatures with experimental estimates of the height of the intense turbulent heat exchange layer are presented. Experimental data necessary for these estimates are obtained using a temperature-wind complex including a meteorological acoustic locator (sodar), a meteorological temperature profiler, and ultrasonic anemometer-thermometers. It is shown that the mixing layer height calculated by the model formulas under conditions of ground inversions of temperature is as a rule significantly less than the height of the turbulent heat exchange layer.
  PubDate: 2022-12-01
Cluster Composition of Anemophilous Plant Pollen Entering the Atmosphere
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  Abstract: Results of studying pollen emission into the atmosphere are presented for 26 anemophilous and three entomophilous plant species for which optional anemophily is possible. The percentage of clusters of two or more pollen grains of the total number of pollen particles entering the atmosphere is estimated. It is shown that such clusters were formed in significant quantities in all series of experiments. The percentage of pollen clusters reaches ∼71% of the total number of pollen particles. The percentage of pollen grains in the composition of the clusters reaches ∼94% of the total number of pollen grains.
  PubDate: 2022-12-01
Choice of Optical Properties of Soot Particles for Description of Solar
Radiation Absorption in the Atmosphere and on the Earth’s Surface
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  Abstract: New data on the dependence of the function of the refractive index of soot particles on their average size in the visible and near-IR spectral regions are presented. The data are obtained by laser-induced incandescence. The sunlight absorption by soot aerosols is currently calculated with a value of the refractive index function of about 0.2 at a wavelength of 550 nm regardless of the origin of soot particles and their variability. The data demonstrate that optical properties of soot depend on the size of particles and conditions of their formation, which, in turn, is related to the degree of their graphitization. It is shown that taking into account the particle size distribution in soot aerosols can lead to an increase in solar radiation absorption by them approximately by two times as compared to the commonly accepted values.
  PubDate: 2022-12-01
Laser-induced Fluorescence of PO Photofragments of Organophosphates
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  Abstract: The spectrum of phosphorus monoxide (PO) fluorescence is calculated. It is shown that the use of excitation radiation at wavelengths near the bandheads of the (P22 + Q12) and P12 branches of the A2Σ+ (v′ = 0) − X2Π3/2 (v′′ = 0) band provides a spectral separation of the γ (0, 1) PO fluorescence band and the vibrational–rotational Raman spectrum of oxygen. The spectra of the γ (0, 1) fluorescence band of PO fragments of dimethylmethylphosphonate and the vibrational-rotational band of spontaneous Raman scattering on atmospheric oxygen molecules are experimentally obtained under exposure to KrF-laser radiation at a wavelength of 247.78 nm. It is shown that the shape and position of the fluorescence spectra calculated agree well with the experimental data.
  PubDate: 2022-12-01
Surface Ozone in the Atmosphere of Moscow during the COVID-19 Pandemic
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  Abstract: We present the results from monitoring surface ozone in the atmosphere of Moscow in 2020 and 2021 under lockdown conditions linked to the COVID-19 pandemic. These two years significantly differed in meteorological conditions and the level of anthropogenic environmental load. A level of surface O3 concentrations, relatively low for a megalopolis, was observed in Moscow in 2020. The annual average concentration was 28 μg/m3, and the annual maximal concentration was 185 μg/m3. That was due to relatively cool summer with the low content of pollutants in atmospheric air. Intense heat waves were observed in the megalopolis during summer 2021 under the conditions of a blocking anticyclone, when the daytime temperatures rose to 35°C. Combined with higher atmospheric air pollution, this resulted in unusually high O3 concentrations. The annual average concentration was 48 μg/m3, and the annual maximal concentration was 482 μg/m3.
  PubDate: 2022-12-01
Time Variations in Submicron and Coarse Particle Concentrations in the
Surface Air Layer at the Aerosol Station of Institute of Atmospheric
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  Abstract: We analyze the long-term variations in the microstructural characteristics of aerosol in the surface air layer measured in the monitoring mode at the Aerosol Station of V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, in 2000–2020. Estimates are carried out based on the following characteristics: the concentrations of submicron Nf and coarse Nc particles and their ratio Nf /Nc. Two datasets are considered: “total” and separately for the “background” type of the “aerosol weather.” The variability range of the annual average values of the total concentration of particles N(r > 0.2 μm) is found to be 8–50 cm−3, and the aerosol concentrations for the background situations is 5–30 cm−3. No reliable long-term trends in the characteristics under study are revealed. Spectral analysis of the monthly average concentrations for the background dataset showed the presence of a significant (with the 0.95 probability) time period of about a year for Nf /Nc and Nf and its absence for Nc.
  PubDate: 2022-12-01
Long-Term Variability of the Composition of Near-Surface Aerosol over
Desertified and Arid Zones in Southern Russia
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  Abstract: We analyzed multiyear (2007–2021) complex experimental studies of microphysical parameters, mass concentration, and elemental composition of aerosol particles in the near-surface atmospheric layer of semiarid zones in the south of European Russia. Background values of the daily average mass concentration of near-surface aerosols in desertified areas of Kalmykia and the dry-steppe zone of Rostov oblast for the hot summer period are found to be 125 and 34 μg/m3, respectively. The particle size distribution functions specific for atmospheric aerosols of the south of European Russia, are determined. An interrelation is found between the particle emission from the surface to the atmosphere and the main atmospheric processes. Long-term variations in elemental composition of near-surface aerosol are studied. Minor variations are identified in the mass concentrations of Cd, Hg, and Cu in the composition of aerosol particles in Rostov oblast. The elemental composition of Kalmykia aerosols stronger varies in terms of the contents of both natural and technogenic elements, mainly of chemical elements of salt balance and heavy metals. It is shown that most elements are weakly accumulated in aerosols, and their differentiation is heavier dependent on the mosaic character of the underlying surface. The multiyear period under study is characterized by the tendency of removing the harmful admixtures from the atmosphere of desertified territories in the south of European Russia due to reducing the climate aridization and mitigating the anthropogenic effect.
  PubDate: 2022-12-01
Calculation of the Frequencies of Vibration-Rotation Transitions of the
H36Cl Molecule
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  Abstract: Dunham coefficients Ymj of the H36Cl molecule are calculated based on previously determined mass-independent spectroscopic parameters Umj, \(\Delta _{{mj}}^{A}\) and \(\Delta _{{mj}}^{B}\) . Pure rotational and vibration–rotation transitions of the (1–0), (2–0), and (3–0) bands are presented up to Jmax = 25 for the first time. The calculated and observed line positions are compared for the fundamental and first overtone bands. The RKR potential of the H36Cl molecule is retrieved.
  PubDate: 2022-12-01
Estimation of Convective Atmospheric Instability during Squalls,
Tornadoes, and Large Hail Events from Satellite Observations and ERA5
Reanalysis Data
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  Abstract: We consider the applicability of satellite data to the estimation of atmospheric instability and precipitable water for the cases of severe convective events occurring over European Russia and the Ural region. The initial sample includes 305 squalls, tornadoes, and large hail events. We assess the instability parameter Lifted Index (LI) and precipitable water (PW) using MODIS Atmospheric Profile Product data and the ERA5 reanalysis data. It is found that the median values of LI and PW retrieved from MODIS and ERA5 data are close, while the extreme values are substantially different. Local areas with very strong instability and high PW are identified from MODIS data, but not detected by the reanalysis data. The MODIS data are found to be significantly limited because of the low frequency of imagery and the lack of information on the instability parameters for cloudy pixels; therefore, the sample size was reduced from 305 to 95 cases.
  PubDate: 2022-12-01
Changes in CO2 Concentration in the Breath of Laboratory Animals during
Inhalation of Metal-Oxide Nanoparticles
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  Abstract: Fine and nanosize particles of both natural and anthropogenic origin can be present in the atmospheric air and affect the environment and human health. The effect of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4), magnetite (Fe3O4), and tin dioxide (SnO2) nanopowder inhalation of laboratory animals on the carbon dioxide content in air samples taken from the noses of these animals is studied. The CO2 concentration is determined from the absorption spectra of air samples recorded with a laser photoacoustic (PA) gas analyzer. It is ascertained that inhalation of magnetite nanoparticles leads to a decrease in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the samples of exhaled air of laboratory animals, which can indicate a negative effect of this exposure.
  PubDate: 2022-12-01
Effect of Meteorological Conditions and Long-Range Air Mass Transport on
Surface Aerosol Composition in Winter Moscow
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  Abstract: We discuss the results from the complex experiment aimed at studying the composition and time variations in urban aerosol in the surface air at the center of Moscow based on daily data on PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations. In addition to these continuous observations every season (for 35–40 days), the total aerosol mass concentration (by gravimetric method) and 65 chemical elements in aerosol composition were measured daily. Winters 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 are considered. The aerosol composition is juxtaposed to the meteorological parameters in the surface atmosphere in Moscow, the direction of long-range air mass transport toward the Moscow region, and the distribution of dust in air over the European Russia (using the MERRA-2 reanalysis data). The detailed analysis of the aerosol elemental composition in Moscow made it possible to identify the elements of global/local spread, as well as of natural/anthropogenic genesis. Concentrations of all aerosol constituents in Moscow during winter did not exceed the corresponding daily average MPC values for the air of residential territories. It is shown that the accumulation of PM10 and PM2.5 in urban air was favored by calm weather conditions. The maximal levels of aerosol pollution were observed in December 2020 during southeasterly winds, when long-range atmospheric transport of admixtures to Moscow occurred from sources located in the southern regions of European Russia, the Caspian Depression, and western Kazakhstan.
  PubDate: 2022-12-01
Scale Heights of Water Vapor and Sulfur Compounds in the Lower Troposphere
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  Abstract: A global analysis of geographical features of vertical profiles of specific air humidity and concentrations of sulfur dioxide and sulfate aerosols is carried out based on the CAMS reanalysis data, as well as the height of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) based on the ERA5 reanalysis data for 2003–2020. The scale height HY, i.e., the height at which the concentration of the substance Y decreases by a factor of e, is used as a characteristic of the aforesaid profiles. The maximal heights of the upper PBL boundary are observed in regions of the prevailing cyclonic gyre—in storm tracks and in regions of monsoonal circulation in summer. For the vertical scale of the specific humidity profile, minima are identified in the regions of the subtropical gyre with prevailing large-scale subsidence of air masses. The scale height of SO2 is characterized by spatial minima associated with oxidation of this substance. For \({{H}_{{{\text{SO}_{4}}}}}\) , a spatial minimum over the ocean near southeast Asia is found. A statistically significant negative correlation between the PBL thickness and the vertical scale of the specific humidity profile in humid regions of the tropics is revealed, as well as a positive correlation between scale heights of sulfur dioxide and sulfates, most significantly manifested in regions with acute pollution of the lower troposphere by these substances.
  PubDate: 2022-12-01