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Virtual Journal for Biomedical Optics
Number of Followers: 1

Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
ISSN (Online) 1931-1532
Published by Optical Society of America

[15 journals]

“The Passionate Few”: Youth and Yiddishism in American Jewish
Culture, 1964 to Present
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  Abstract: In 1964, fifteen-year-old Gabi Trunk hopped a bus from New York to Montreal to meet a fellow teenage Yiddish enthusiast, David Roskies. Spending his summers at a bundist, Yiddishist summer camp in upstate New York, Trunk had learned, performed, and even spoken Yiddish on occasion between friends prior to the meeting. But for Roskies, meeting Trunk was a “big revelation.”1 For Roskies, who had only experienced Yiddish as a “vertical” language—a language of ceremonies, not conversation between peers—their interaction proved transformational.2 With the encouragement of their mutual mentor, Yiddish linguist Mordkhe Schaechter, the teens decided to start a youth movement in which all activities would be carried out in ... Read More
  PubDate: 2021-12-17T00:00:00-05:00
The Rhodes Blood Libel of 1840: Episode in the History of Ottoman Reforms
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  Abstract: This is how the Ladino Purim poem composed on Rhodes in 1842 accounts for the resolution of the blood libel crisis that occurred two years earlier, despite the fact that the official acquittal of Rhodian Jews was announced only five days after Sir Moses Montefiore left London for Alexandria, on his mission to the East. Since Montefiore and Adolphe Crémieux played an important role in the liberation of the Jews of Damascus and historians take it for granted that the Rhodes blood libel was a variation of what happened there, Rhodian Jews, by extension, are presumed to owe their salvation to the English philanthropist and other European Jews. Even Jonathan Frankel, the author of a seminal study of the Damascus blood ... Read More
  PubDate: 2021-12-17T00:00:00-05:00
Kindling Enlightenment: A Social History of the Jewish Candle Tax in
Russia
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  Abstract: With a match in her hand she lights one candle after another. All the seven candles begin to quiver. The flames blaze into mother’s face. As though an enchantment were falling upon her, she lowers her eyes. Slowly, three times in succession, she encircles the candles with both her arms; she seems to be taking them into her heart. And with the candles her weekday worries melt away.1Bella (Rosenfeld) Chagall’s elegiac memoir of her warm loving home in Vitebsk, Burning Lights (brenendike likht), includes the evocation of her mother’s ritual candle lighting above as well as a comical depiction of the ne’er-do-well private tutor who came to their home to offer lessons to the younger children. Yet, as Judith Baskin ... Read More
  PubDate: 2021-12-17T00:00:00-05:00
When Der Struwwelpeter Made Aliyah: Germanness in Hebrew Children’s
Literature during Israel’s Nation-Building Era
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  Abstract: This study examines A Dozen Sabras (Treisar ẓabarim), a small, forgotten “book of drawings” (sefer ẓiyurim), as it was labeled, that was illustrated and published in Tel Aviv in 1949 by Fritz (Peretz) Ruschkewitz (1901–67). Neither a renowned publisher nor an influential illustrator, Ruschkewitz did not gain public recognition for his contribution to Hebrew children’s literature of the era. Of much greater repute was the poet Leah Goldberg (1911–70), whom Ruschkewitz hired to rhyme his book on the basis of his sketches and the plot. The following discussion of this work by Ruschkewitz and Goldberg, as well as other publications for children, reveals a neglected aspect of intergenerational discourse in Israel’s ... Read More
  PubDate: 2021-12-17T00:00:00-05:00
Swastikas on Jacob-Schiff-Straße: The Peculiar History of Jewish Street
Names in Frankfurt, 1872–1938
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  Abstract: On December 17, 1933, the Frankfurter Volksblatt, a Nazi newspaper, received an impassioned letter from Gertrud Bengen, a member of the Nazi Party who lived in Eschersheim, a quiet northern district of Frankfurt. In the letter, Bengen asked the editorial staff of the Volksblatt if they would be able to use their influence to convince the city government to change the name of her street:[It] is named after the Jew Jacob Schiff. Right now, the residents of our street are almost entirely National-Socialist minded people and . . . the Swastika waves outside of every house. This “Jacob Schiff” always causes a sting in the heart. [If not to you] where else can someone direct this request' . . . we would all be very ... Read More
  PubDate: 2021-12-17T00:00:00-05:00
Ordinary Moments of Demise: Photographs of the Jewish Home in Late 1930s
Germany
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  Abstract: From the appearance of the home and its location within the city to its role in everyday life, the domestic environment of German Jews changed dramatically as they became a part of modern bourgeois society.1 The practice of Jewish acculturation often highlighted the dual function of home in the modern bourgeois imagination. On the one hand, the home was associated with Gemütlichkeit (coziness and comfort), and offered shelter from the outside world. At home, its dwellers could be nurtured and display their individual characteristics, taste and cultural heritage. On the other hand, by accommodating the “delights of ordinariness,” the home enabled an individual to show how he or she belonged in German society.2 ... Read More
  PubDate: 2021-12-17T00:00:00-05:00
A Taytsh Manifesto: Yiddish, Translation, and the Making of Modern Jewish
Culture
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  Abstract: This manifesto calls for a translational paradigm for Yiddish Studies and for the broader study of modern Jewish culture. There is a need for a shift in vocabulary, for new ways of describing modern Jewish language practices. I call for reading strategies that do not assume a coherent Jewish subject, united—despite its plurality—throughout history and across geographies, and that instead acknowledge the translational instability that conditions Jewish modernity. Scholarship needs a translational paradigm to account for the multidirectionality of modern Jewish culture.Current scholarship repeatedly hesitates to take up this paradigm. Jewish literary studies is still dominated by the concept, introduced by the ... Read More
  PubDate: 2021-12-17T00:00:00-05:00

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