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- The Irrational Food Beliefs Scale: Validation of the Italian Version in
Patients with Obesity-
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Abstract: Abstract The Irrational Food Beliefs Scale (IFBS) is a self-report questionnaire comprising 57 items, 41 of which in the irrational food beliefs subscale, assessing cognitive distortions and inappropriate attitudes and beliefs about food. This study aimed to propose the Italian version of the IFBS and examine its psychometric properties. The tool was translated into Italian and administered to 503 Italian-speaking patients with obesity and 45 healthy controls. The clinical group also completed the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) interview, and the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90). Principal factor analysis identified that 51.6% of the variance was accounted for by six factors, which we termed ‘self-deception on eating and weight control’, ‘beliefs about eating and emotion regulation’, ‘low tolerance for eating control’, ‘beliefs about eating and hedonic pleasure’, ‘beliefs about dieting’, and ‘all-or-nothing thinking about eating.‘ The IFBS global and subscale scores were partially correlated with eating-disorder and general psychopathology. Significantly higher scores were found in patients with obesity and binge-eating disorder than in those with obesity without binge-eating disorder. Overall, the study demonstrated the good psychometric properties of the Italian version of the IFBS and validated its use in Italian-speaking patients with obesity.
PubDate: 2023-03-15
- Cognitive Behavioural Play Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorders (SADs) in
Children with Speech Impairments-
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Abstract: Abstract A high proportion of children with speech impairments are found to be vulnerable to this disorder and it significantly impairs their social adjustment and skills. In light of this problem, this study investigated the effect of cognitive behavioural play therapy in decreasing social anxiety disorders in school children with speech impairments. This study is a group-randomized control group trial involving 122 schoolchildren in inclusive schools in Enugu state of Nigeria. We utilized Gpower statistical software to establish the adequacy of the sample size. Participants in the intervention group were exposed to a 12-week cognitive behavioural play therapy programme whereas those in the comparison group did not receive the therapy programme but were rather only assessed at three-time points using Severity Measure for Generalized Anxiety Disorder—Child Age 11–17 (SMGAD-C), and Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents, self-report version (LSAS-CA-SR). A multivariate analysis was used to analyze the data collected. The results showed that CBPT is significantly effective in lessening social anxiety disorders among children with speech impairments over time whereas no changes were observed among no-contact control group participants. Given the treatment outcome, this study finally suggests that CBPT intervention is effective and significant in decreasing social anxiety disorders in children with speech impairments.
PubDate: 2023-03-01
- Does Rumination Mediate the Unique Effects of Shame and Guilt on
Procrastination'-
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Abstract: Abstract Procrastination is common among college students, involving irrational delay of task completion. Theorists understand procrastination to be an avoidance response to negative emotions. Past research suggests that depression and anxiety predict procrastination. However, only limited research has examined the unique effects of shame and guilt—self-conscious emotions—on procrastination, and no studies have examined potential mechanisms. Depressive rumination, the repetitive and maladaptive thinking about a negative event composed of brooding and reflective pondering, is uniquely predicted by shame—but not guilt—and also predicts greater procrastination. Thus, the current cross-sectional survey study examined (1) whether shame and guilt uniquely predict procrastination and (2) whether depressive rumination mediates those effects in a collegiate sample. Results supported a model wherein brooding and reflective pondering mediate the unique relationship between shame and procrastination. A second model suggested that guilt leads to less procrastination directly but greater procrastination indirectly via increased reflective pondering. Theoretical and clinical implications of the current findings are discussed.
PubDate: 2023-03-01
- Improving Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Autistic Individuals: A Delphi
Survey with Practitioners-
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Abstract: Abstract There is emerging evidence of the effectiveness of individual and group cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for autistic individuals, in particular to address anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder and depression. Many CBT studies have incorporated relatively stringent standards, with regards to participant inclusion/exclusion criteria, delivery of manualised approaches and assurance of therapist training and oversight. We know less about what happens in routine CBT practice and, importantly, how service provision can be improved for autistic individuals. The present study recruited 50 CBT practitioners to a three round Delphi survey. The aims were to elicit professionals’ perspectives regarding barriers to the acceptability and effectiveness of CBT for autistic individuals, and to generate consensus, both about ways of enhancing service provision, as well as the autism-relevant training needs of CBT practitioners. Study findings indicated six barriers to accessible and effective CBT for autistic individuals, relating to service provision, practitioner-related factors, client-related factors, CBT-related factors, national guidelines, and systemic considerations. There was participant consensus that changes in five domains (specifically relating to process issues, service provision, practitioners, techniques and therapeutic approach) could improve the CBT care pathway. Consensus was generated about the training needs of CBT practitioners: training about autism, CBT-specific issues, co-occurring conditions and engagement, were deemed fundamental for enhancing practice. Participants also identified autism-relevant issues for clinical supervision. Further sustained research is needed to determine the effects of adapted service provision and improved practitioner knowledge and skills on the outcomes of autistic individuals who have CBT.
PubDate: 2023-03-01
- Negative Life Events Associated with COVID-19 and Psychological Distress:
The Role of Irrational and Rational Beliefs-
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Abstract: Abstract The current study examines possible mediating and moderating mechanisms in the relationship between negative life events associated with COVID-19 and psychological distress. A total of 450 adults (mean age = 22.11 years, SD = 3. 46 years) participated in this study. The participants completed measures of negative life events, psychological distress, and irrational/rational beliefs. The present findings indicated that adverse life events associated with COVID-19 predict psychological distress in adults. The findings also indicated that indirect predictive effect of adverse life events associated with COVID-19 on psychological distress via irrational beliefs varies depending on specific value of rational beliefs. The current study contributes to existing cognitive vulnerability model by documenting when and how adverse life events associated with COVID-19 influence psychological distress.
PubDate: 2023-03-01
- Preliminary Psychometric Properties of the Portuguese Version of the
Personality Belief Questionnaire—Short Form in a Community Sample-
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Abstract: Abstract Personality Belief Questionnaire is an instrument based on cognitive behavioral theory, focused on core beliefs associated with personality disorders. This paper reflects a preliminary psychometric study of the (European) Portuguese version of the Personality Belief Questionnaire-Short Form (PBQ-SF-PT) in a non-clinical sample. In a cross-sectional design 344 individuals (M age = 32.56, SD = 11.28) were assessed with self-report instruments. Two studies were performed: one based on an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and another based on theoretical PBQ-SF subscales. Results showed to be similar. Factorial structure of PBQ-SF showed seven factors combining different subscales in the same factor. Dependent, Avoidant and Borderline items loaded in the same factor and Narcissistic, Histrionic and Antisocial items loaded in the same factor. Convergent validity was studied with correlations between PBQ-SF-PT subscales and early maladaptive schemas. The results suggest that the Portuguese version of the questionnaire is acceptable and can be used as a useful measure for the assessment of personality beliefs in the Portuguese population. However, more research is required to explore psychometric features of the PBQ-SF in clinical samples.
PubDate: 2023-03-01
- Relevant Psychological Factors in Weight Management. How to Think and
Behave to Lose Weight and Maintain it for Good-
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Abstract: Abstract To improve the long-term results of psychological treatments, it is important to know why some people constantly have a healthy weight and others face difficulties in losing weight or maintaining it. This study aimed to identify psychological factors associated with maintaining or regaining weight loss and determine the psychological characteristics of individuals with different BMI levels. 282 adult participants responded to questionnaires measuring eating behaviors, general and specific irrational beliefs, and self-efficacy. We used MANOVA analysis to identify the differences between the categories of participants. Our results showed that there are differences between the regainers and maintainers VS those with healthy stable weight in terms of self-efficacy (F (2, 84) = 7.17, p = .001), irrationality (F (2, 84) = 8.15, p < .001), and eating behaviors (F (2, 84) = 7.95, p < .001). Furthermore, people with healthy weight had more self-efficacy about their eating behaviors (F (2,273) = 6.49, p = .002), and more cognitive restraint (F (2, 273) = 3.58, p = .029), lower levels of specific irrational beliefs (F (2, 273) = 10.17, p < .000) and emotional eating (F (2, 273) = 20.24, p < .000) than participants with obesity or overweight. Some psychological factors are relevant for weight loss and explain why some people with overweight or obesity find it difficult to lose weight and maintain it.
PubDate: 2023-03-01
- Psychometric Properties of the Sleep Locus of Control (SLOC) Scale in a
Portuguese Sample-
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Abstract: Abstract Over the past few decades, research has suggested that cognitive variables play a key role in sleep disorders, particularly, in insomnia. The SLOC (Sleep Locus of Control Scale) evaluates the sleep locus of control, which is associated with the degree to which an individual attributes her/his experiences of sleep to chance or internal causes. The aim of this study was to develop the first translation and adaptation of the SLOC into the European Portuguese, as well as to analyze its psychometric properties. In this study, it was recruited a sample of 2029 Portuguese Higher Education students, aged ≥ 18 years, where approximately 75% of the sample were women and 25% men. The results showed that the SLOC had acceptable internal consistency value (α = .64), considering that it is a measure with a reduced number of items. As in the original study, a principal component analysis with varimax rotation identified two components. A parallel analysis was also conducted, identifying two factors. The correlation between the two subscales “internal sleep locus of control” and “chance sleep locus of control” was positive albeit of low magnitude (r = .15). Through the analysis carried out, it was also observed that individuals with “insomnia”, relative to those without, had a more chance sleep locus of control. Overall, these findings show similarities with the original study. The SLOC seems to be a useful psychological assessment measure to be used in clinical and research settings.
PubDate: 2023-03-01
- Metacognitions About Health in Relation to Coronavirus Anxiety: The
Mediating Role of Cognitive Attentional Syndrome and Distress Tolerance-
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Abstract: Abstract The current study aimed to investigate the mediating role of cognitive attentional syndrome (CAS) and distress tolerance in the relationship between health-related metacognitions and coronavirus anxiety. The sample of this study consisted of 462 participants (381 female). Participants voluntarily completed self-report questionnaires on each of the variables mentioned above. The results of the structural modeling analysis showed that health-related metacognitions have a significant effect on the mediator variable of distress tolerance and CAS. Also, health-related metacognitions had a direct effect on coronavirus anxiety. Also, based on the results of the bootstrap test, it can be argued that health-related metacognitive beliefs, apart from their direct effect, play an important role in coronavirus anxiety, with CAS acting as a mediator. This study provides insights into the relationships among metacognitive beliefs, coronavirus anxiety, CAS, and distress tolerance. In particular, dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs, including an individual's beliefs about the uncontrollability of disease-related thoughts, are risk factors that could negatively affect mental health, leading to coronavirus anxiety. In addition, the association of dysfunctional beliefs with maladaptive behaviors resulting from the cognitive attentional syndrome is also involved in predicting and causing coronavirus anxiety. Given the insignificant role of emotional distress tolerance in the psychopathology of COVID-19 anxiety, the findings emphasize the importance of cognitive factors in this context.
PubDate: 2023-03-01
- Rethinking Leahy’s Emotional Schema Scale (LESS): Results from the
Portuguese Adaptation of the LESS-
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Abstract: Abstract This study aims to contribute to the study of emotional schemas, through the adaptation of the Leahy Emotional Schema Scale (LESS) to Portuguese. The LESS is a 50 item self-report with 14 theoretical dimensions, representing concepts, evaluations, attributions of emotions, and strategies of emotion regulation (Leahy in Cognit Behav Pract 9(3):177–190, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077-7229(02)80048-7). Translation, back-translation and pilot assessment of LESS’s Portuguese version were completed. Data was collected online with 396 participants. An exploratory principal component analysis was conducted. Parallel analysis revealed a 5-component structure, which after the deletion of eight items generated a final solution explaining 48% of the variance. Components internal consistency was adequate and convergent validity supported with significant correlations with difficulties in emotional regulation and emotional processing, and psychopathology. It presents dimensions that are highly relevant for assessment, case conceptualization and clinical decision making. Although this scale is related to a specific cognitive theory, the construct and its subscales may be useful beyond the psychotherapeutic model, stressing the transtheoretical potential of the scale.
PubDate: 2023-03-01
- Predictors of Secondary Traumatic Stress in Mental Health Professionals:
Trauma History, Self-Compassion, Emotional Intelligence-
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Abstract: Abstract Although the organizational and professional variables that have an impact on the psychological adjustment of mental health professionals are well known, there is limited evidence of the individual factors playing a role in the development of secondary traumatic stress. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of personal trauma history, self-compassion, and emotional intelligence on secondary traumatic stress symptoms among mental health professionals. A cross-sectional study with 155 mental health professionals who work with traumatized clients was conducted in Turkey. The data collected by Life Events Checklist for DSM-5 (LEC-5), Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire Short Form (TEIQue-SF), Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale (STSS) were analyzed using hierarchical regression. The study results showed that personal trauma history predicted a higher risk of experiencing secondary traumatic stress. Emotional intelligence and self-compassion were negative predictors of stress symptoms. According to the findings of the current study, self-compassion and emotional intelligence play a protective role in the development of secondary traumatic stress.
PubDate: 2023-03-01
- Factors Predicting the Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy
in the Treatment of Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder-
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Abstract: Abstract Cognitive-behavioral group therapy (CBGT) effectively treats obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the variables that predict the success of CBGT in OCD treatment. The variables can predict treatment success, obtained by a demographic data form, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV for Axis-I Disorders, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Thought Action Fusion Scale, General Assessment of Functioning Scale, and White Bear Suppression Inventory. Data of 56 participants who attended fourteen sessions of CBGT were evaluated. Having reactive type obsessions, high initial functionality, low thought action fusion (TAF), and high suppression levels predict the success of CBGT with medium to large effect sizes (p < .001, p < .001, p = .037, p = .024). According to results, obsession type, initial functionality, TAF, and suppression can be worthy of personalizing treatment before CBGT. Specific interventions can be developed for these variables.
PubDate: 2023-03-01
- School Engagement of Undergraduate History students: Effect of REBT
intervention-
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Abstract: Abstract This study investigated the effect of rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT) on school engagement of undergraduate history students’ sample from Nigerian higher education institutions. The REBT intervention group comprised 23 undergraduate history students whilst the waitlist control group also comprised 23 undergraduate history students. School engagement was measured with the School Engagement Scale (SES). According to the study’s findings, REBT improved and sustained undergraduate history students’ school engagement scores at posttest (p = .000, η²p=.89) and follow-up (p = .000, η²p=.89). The results also suggest a statistically significant effect of time on students’ SES scores (p = .000, η²p=.85). The results also indicate that students’ SES scores were influenced significantly by group and time interaction effect (p = .000, η²p=.85). The authors conclude that the REBT program offered to undergraduate history students in Nigeria enhanced their school engagement when compared to a waitlist control group.
PubDate: 2023-03-01
- The Relationship Between Self/Value Discrepancies and Anxiety: The
Mediation Effect of Depressogenic Attributional Style-
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Abstract: Abstract This study examined the mediator role of depressogenic attributional style in the relationship between self/value discrepancies and anxiety. A measurement study was conducted among 160 participants using the Selves Questionnaire, the Adapted Portrait Values Questionnaire, the Depressive Attributions Questionnaire, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results from the polynomial regression with response surface analysis and the structural equation modelling analysis showed that depressogenic attributional style played a mediation effect from both actual-ideal discrepancy and actual-ought discrepancy to anxiety. It suggested that the conflicting beliefs about oneself affected depressogenic attributional style, which in turn affected the level of anxiety. However, contrary to our expectations, there was no significant relation among value discrepancies, depressogenic attributional style, and anxiety. By applying polynomial regression with response surface analysis, this study not only reveals the underlying mechanism linking self-discrepancies and anxiety, but also has theoretical and clinical contributions to the area of individual differences and psychological distress.
PubDate: 2023-03-01
- A Comparison Between Self-compassion and Unconditional Self-acceptance:
Interventions on Self-blame, Empathy, Shame-, Guilt-Proneness, and
Performance-
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Abstract: Abstract Self-compassion implies kindness towards oneself, a feeling of shared humanity and mindfulness. On the other hand, unconditional self-acceptance means that the self has inherent value due to its existence, therefore it should be accepted unconditionally. While there is research on each of these concepts separately, the literature is scarce when it comes to differences between the two. This study aims to investigate the effect of a self-compassion training and an unconditional self-acceptance training on self-blame levels, empathy levels, guilt- and shame-proneness levels, and performance on a task. Participants of all ages were recruited and randomized into two groups. Daily, for a week, each group had to apply a self-compassion exercise, or an unconditional self-acceptance exercise. Out of the original sample, 157 participants completed the study. A mixed ANOVA was employed for analysis. Self-compassion and unconditional self-acceptance increased in both groups. No significant differences were found between the two groups on self-blame and empathy levels. Shame-proneness levels lowered in both groups. After the training, participants in the self-compassion group presented significantly lower levels of guilt-proneness than participants in the unconditional self-acceptance group. Performance did not differ between the two groups. Although self-compassion and unconditional self-acceptance seem like different concepts, it is possible that the two lead to similar outcomes, using different means.
PubDate: 2023-03-01
- Effect of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy on Depressive Symptoms in a
Sample of Parents of Children with Intellectual Disability-
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Abstract: Abstract The prevalence of depressive symptoms among the young and older adult population is a growing concern worldwide. Consequently, this situation seemed to have influenced the change in the patterns of thought. Patterns of distorted thinking and weakened capacity for behavioural control are among the leading explanations. With the growing concerns about depression in Nigeria, this study tested the effect of a rational emotive behaviour therapy intervention in reducing depressive symptoms in a sample of parents of children with intellectual disabilities in Nigeria. This study utilized a randomized pretest/posttest control group design, parents of children with intellectual disability who responded to invitation about the trial were screened for depressive symptoms, readiness to participate among others were considered for inclusion. A power calculation was conducted to confirm the sample size. The Goldberg depression scale, as the main outcome measure, was administered before, immediately after, and three months after completion of a 12-session rational emotive behaviour therapy, delivered by professional counselling psychologists and designed to reduce depressive symptoms. Sixty-one parents (males and females) participated in the REBT whilst 62 participants received only ‘treatment as usual (TAU). The groups were similar in depressive symptoms scores prior to the intervention. Thereafter, the REBT group revealed a considerable decrease in scores, which was sustained, while the control group showed no change in scores. ANCOVA analysis established a significant between-group difference immediately and three months after the intervention. These findings finally suggest considerable promise for the REBT.
PubDate: 2023-03-01
- Is cognitive-behavioral coaching an empirically supported approach to
coaching' a meta-analysis to investigate its outcomes and moderators-
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Abstract: Abstract Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is the best evidence-based form of psychotherapy for various types of psychopathology and life problems. In time, cognitive-behavioral theory has been adapted for other types of interventions, like counseling, mentoring, training, and lately coaching. Cognitive-behavioral coaching (CBC) is a specific approach to coaching, that makes use of both CBT conceptualization for problems and evidence-based tools and techniques. Since there are studies focused on the impact of CBC on different outcomes and there is no quantitative review to analyze them, the purpose of the study is to synthesize the magnitude of the effect size of CBC on behavioral, affective, and cognitive outcomes. We conducted a systematic search on several databases, using keywords in order to find articles that investigate CBC in quantitative studies and reported data onthe effects of the intervention on outcomes. After applying the inclusion criteria, 26 articles have entered the analysis. Our results show that CBC has a positive impact of moderate magnitude. Specifically, our findings reveal that CBC brings high level improvements on performance and low to medium improvements on abilities, affect, and cognition. At the same time we found that CBC is effective regardless of the method or format of delivery. This meta-analysis is the first one to synthesize the efficacy of CBC in order to document its impact and potential moderators. CBC has so far positive results on different types of outcomes, but we need more rigorous studies in the field.
PubDate: 2023-02-28
- Quality of Work-Life and Stress Management in a Rural Sample of Primary
School Teachers: An Intervention Study-
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Abstract: Abstract Workloads, roles, and demands in rural schools have been shown to be stressful and this appears to affect the quality of work-life of workers compared to urban locations. Consequently, employees in rural areas become vulnerable to mental health problems and psychological disturbances, psychologists are underrepresented. To date, there is little or no literature on the roles of rural community-based psychologists that may primarily engage in clinical and non-clinical services in Nigeria. With this in mind, we studied the effect of a rational emotive occupational health intervention on the quality of work-life and stress management among primary school teachers in rural community schools in Nigeria. To achieve this, we adopted a blinded and randomized control design study where 101 rural primary schoolteachers were recruited and assigned to intervention and control groups. Those in the intervention group received a 12-session programme while the comparison group received conventional counselling. Two self-report measures were utilized in assessing the participants using the quality of work-life scale and occupational stress index. Data collected were analyzed using MANOVA analysis. The MANOVA analysis results showed the improved perception of quality of work-life and stress management that were due to rational emotive occupational health intervention. Therefore, the study recommended that there should more efforts by helping professionals to integrate REBT into workforce and workplace programmes.
PubDate: 2023-02-08
- The Effects of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) Group Counselling
Program on Competitive Anxiety of Student-Athletes-
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Abstract: Abstract The purpose of this study was to develop a Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) based group counselling program for athletes, and then to experimentally test the effects of the program on the competitive anxiety and irrational beliefs of non-western student-athletes. The effects of the REBT based program was examined using a 2 × 2 controlled quasi-experimental group design. 22 student-athletes participated in the study (11 in the experimental group and 11 in the control group). The Sport Anxiety Scale-2 was used to assess athlete competitive anxiety. To test the effects of program, descriptive statistics were calculated, and Bayesian repeated-measures ANOVA were conducted. Thematic analysis is used to analyse qualitative data. Data revealed significant decreases from pre- to post- in irrational beliefs and competitive anxiety in the REBT group compared to the control group. The findings indicated a positive effect of the REBT based program on the student-athletes’ competitive anxiety levels.
PubDate: 2023-01-26
- Correction to: Negative Attributions as a Source of Vulnerability for
Trauma-Related Shame and PTSD Symptoms-
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PubDate: 2023-01-09
DOI: 10.1007/s10942-022-00496-6
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Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
