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- Economic Inequality and Mental Health: Causality, Mechanisms, and
Interventions-
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Authors: Divyangana Rakesh; Koichiro Shiba, Michèle Lamont, Crick Lund, Kate E. Pickett, Tyler J. VanderWeele Vikram Patel
Abstract: Almost all countries in the world have witnessed a rapid increase in levels of economic inequality, a measure of the distribution of income and wealth across the population, since the advent of neoliberal economic policies in the 1970s. In this review, we conceptualize inequality as an ecological construct and discuss why it matters for the mental health of populations and for individual clinical outcomes. We then discuss some of the key mechanisms through which economic inequality influences mental health beyond poverty itself: social comparison and social capital. We also consider how the effect might vary across specific vulnerable groups in the population, such as young people and minoritized communities. Finally, we discuss methodological challenges in studying the relationship between inequality and mental health and conclude by outlining future research directions and possible interventions at the governmental, community, and individual levels to mitigate the negative mental health consequences of economic inequality.
PubDate: 2025-05-07T00:00:00Z
- Clinical Staging for Psychiatry and Psychology
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Authors: Dominic Dwyer; Rochelle Ruby Ye, Barnaby Nelson Patrick McGorry
Abstract: A global mental health crisis is threatening a generation of young people with a lifetime of symptoms that do not fit neatly into diagnostic systems. Optimal decisions regarding treatments, services, research, and policies are critically needed, yet such decisions are based on idiosyncratic categorization of clinical courses. This review suggests clinical staging approaches may unite mental health stakeholders around shared targets to reduce mental illness. It first presents key approaches to clinical staging and then outlines how clinical knowledge has been translated into a unified transdiagnostic staging heuristic and clinical service structure over the past 30 years. Directions for short-, medium-, and long-term action are recommended with global community engagement. With investment from the mental health community, staging could reduce suffering through the use of an ethical, organized, and targeted system of communication.
PubDate: 2025-03-19T00:00:00Z
- Reward Processing in Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia: A
Neurodevelopmental Framework-
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Authors: Robin Nusslock; Vijay A. Mittal Lauren B. Alloy
Abstract: Major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia involve disruptions in processing rewarding stimuli. In this review, we propose that distinct mechanistic pathways underlie these disruptions in mood disorders versus schizophrenia, and we highlight the importance of understanding these differences for developing personalized treatments. We summarize evidence suggesting that reward processing abnormalities in mood disorders are driven by dysregulated motivational systems; MDD is characterized by blunted responses to reward cues, and bipolar disorder is characterized by heightened responses. In contrast, we argue that reward processing disruptions in schizophrenia do not reflect abnormalities in motivation or hedonic experience; rather, they reflect impairments in the cognitive representation of past and future rewards as well as misdirected attention to irrelevant stimuli. To integrate these findings, we present a neurodevelopmental framework for the onset of mood and psychotic disorders and explore how disruptions in normative brain development contribute to their pathophysiology, timing, and onset. Additionally, we move beyond viewing these conditions as homogeneous disorders and discuss how reward processing profiles may align with specific symptom dimensions.
PubDate: 2025-03-11T00:00:00Z
- Harnessing Implementation Science in Clinical Psychology: Past, Present,
and Future-
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Authors: Rinad S. Beidas; Meredith Boyd, Elizabeth Casline, Kelli Scott, Zabin Patel-Syed, Chynna Mills, Brian Mustanski, Simone Schriger, Faith Summersett Williams, Claire Waller, Sarah A. Helseth Sara J. Becker
Abstract: Implementation science aspires to equitably accelerate the uptake of clinical research into practice to improve population health. The focus of implementation science includes individual behavior change mechanisms that are similar to those that drive the field of clinical psychology. For this reason, clinical psychologists are well-suited to take up implementation science methods in pursuit of improving the quality of behavioral health care. To do so, clinical psychologists must expand beyond individual behavior change to include a focus on organizations and systems. In this review, we reflect on ways that clinical psychologists can lead in the integration of implementation science principles and approaches into clinical psychology research and practice. We discuss the role clinical psychologists play in closing know–do gaps in behavioral health and describe how clinical psychologists can build implementation science competencies. We end with current controversies and opportunities for innovation to further improve the quality of behavioral health care.
PubDate: 2025-02-19T00:00:00Z
- Anxiety and Related Disorders During the Perinatal Period
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Authors: Nichole Fairbrother; Fiona L. Challacombe, Sheryl M. Green Heather A. O'Mahen
Abstract: Anxiety and anxiety-related disorders are, as a group, the most common mental health conditions and are more common among women compared with among men. It is now evident that these disorders affect one in five pregnant and postpartum people and are more common than depression. For some disorders (e.g., obsessive–compulsive disorder), there is also evidence of an elevated risk for their development and exacerbation during perinatal periods. In this article, we review the literature pertaining to anxiety and anxiety-related disorders during the perinatal period. We also provide information related to pregnancy-specific anxiety and fear of childbirth constructs that exist outside of diagnostic classification but are particularly important in the perinatal context. We review the scope, prevalence, and etiology of these disorders as well as comorbidity, screening, assessment, and treatment. We conclude with an overview of some of the key gaps in knowledge and recommendations for future research.
PubDate: 2025-02-14T00:00:00Z
- Movement Toward Dimensional Symptom Models of Comorbid
Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder and Eating Disorders-
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Authors: Cheri A. Levinson; Avantika Kapadia, Luis E. Sandoval-Araujo, Irina A. Vanzhula Karyne Machry
Abstract: Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and eating disorders (EDs) are highly comorbid. Despite the high comorbidity, there is little understanding of why these disorders coexist and even less research on how to best treat this co-occurrence. In this article, we review the literature on comorbid OCD-ED and discuss potential underlying shared mechanisms, including anxiety/avoidance, perfectionism, intolerance of uncertainty, habit formation, disgust, shame and guilt, rumination, metacognitive beliefs, and shared biological characteristics. We then discuss prior models of OCD-ED comorbidity and shift the perspective from latent or categorical models to dimensional symptom models (e.g., network models). We describe how dimensional symptom models could advance the conceptualization, treatment, and prevention of comorbid OCD-ED. Next, we discuss how idiographic (one-person) symptom models could advance personalized treatment and provide a treatment example. Finally, we discuss future research needed to advance the field and improve treatment outcomes.
PubDate: 2025-02-10T00:00:00Z
- Youth with Behavioral Health Symptoms in the Juvenile Legal System: From
Assessment of Needs to Interventions to Scalability-
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Authors: Kathleen Kemp; Kaitlin Sheerin, Casey Pederson, Miyah Grant, Crosby Modrowski Anthony Spirito
Abstract: This article provides an overview of the current state of assessment and clinical intervention approaches for youth with juvenile legal system (JLS) involvement. The review includes (a) a brief overview of characteristics of youth with JLS involvement; (b) current screening and assessment frameworks within the JLS that identify treatment needs; (c) an overview of effective clinical interventions for common behavioral health concerns among youth with JLS involvement, including information about tailoring interventions to address the multiple intersecting identities (e.g., race, ethnicity, gender identity, sexual orientation) of youth within the JLS; and (d) an overview of implementation models and scalability of interventions.
PubDate: 2025-02-10T00:00:00Z
- Pathways to Crime and Antisocial Behavior: A Critical Analysis of
Psychological Research and a Call for Broader Ecological Perspectives-
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Authors: Edelyn Verona; Bryanna Fox
Abstract: The United States has one of the highest rates of correctional supervision among all nations in the world, reflecting the disproportionate incarceration of racial minorities and economically disadvantaged groups. Scholars have emphasized the role of structural factors and governmental policies in long-term shifts in crime and incarceration. However, much of the psychological research on crime and antisocial behaviors has not deeply considered this broader context, focusing mostly on individual and proximal environmental risk factors. This article presents a novel synthesis of large cross-disciplinary literatures that have not been previously integrated. After a brief summary of dominant themes in psychological research on the topic, we review the strong evidence, primarily from fields outside of psychology, for structural forces that explain pathways into criminal justice involvement, independent of individual-level explanations. A broader ecological framework is outlined to help unconfound individual and structural influences, with the hope of motivating policy change that is evidence-based and equitable.
PubDate: 2025-02-10T00:00:00Z
- Analysis of Intensive Longitudinal Data: Putting Psychological Processes
in Perspective-
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Authors: E.L. Hamaker
Abstract: Research based on intensive longitudinal data (ILD)—consisting of many repeated measures from one or multiple individuals—is rapidly gaining popularity in psychological science. To appreciate the unique potential of ILD research for clinical psychology, this review begins by examining how our three traditional research approaches fall short when the goal is to investigate processes. It then explores how the analysis of ILD can be used to study a process as it unfolds within a specific person over time but also to study average process features or individual differences therein. By emphasizing the alignment between research questions, data collection, and analytical strategies, the potential of ILD research is further highlighted. It is argued that for future progress it is essential to integrate machine learning and causal inference methods with statistical techniques for ILD and to become more explicit about timescales, time frames, and dynamics in psychological theories.
PubDate: 2025-02-06T00:00:00Z
- Detecting Suicide Risk Among Pediatric Patients: Screening, Clinical
Pathways, and Care-
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Authors: Lisa M. Horowitz; Nathan J. Lowry, Tesia Shi, Ritika Merai, Maryland Pao Jeffrey A. Bridge
Abstract: Youth suicide remains a leading cause of death in the United States and is especially pronounced in populations that have been historically underserved. Multipronged public health strategies aimed at addressing suicide may be particularly effective in pediatric medical settings, as most youth who die by suicide have visited a health care provider prior to their death. The finding that most youth suicide decedents have no mental illness diagnosis further underscores the importance of screening. This review highlights universal screening as a strategy to improve detection and management of at-risk youth. We present current research on evidence-based screening tools, clinical pathways to support the feasibility and fidelity of screening, brief interventions for managing positive screens, issues regarding screening and health equity, considerations for diverse populations, current innovations, and future directions for research and clinical practice. Evidence supports universal suicide risk screening through feasible clinical pathways that leverage pediatric health care providers as partners in suicide prevention.
PubDate: 2025-02-03T00:00:00Z
- Moral Injury: An Overview of Conceptual, Definitional, Assessment, and
Treatment Issues-
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Authors: Brett T. Litz; Hannah E. Walker
Abstract: Moral injury (MI) is a potential clinical problem characterized by functionally impairing moral emotions, beliefs, and behaviors as well as adverse beliefs about personal or collective humanity and life's meaning and purpose. MI can arise from personal transgressive acts or from being a victim of or bearing witness to others’ inhumanity. Despite widespread interest in MI, until recently, there was no reliable measure of MI as an outcome, and prior research has revealed little about its causes, consequences, and intervention approaches. This review provides background information on the history of MI, defines key terms, and critically reviews assessment tools. Additionally, we describe a social-functional theory of the etiology of MI and a social-functional rehabilitation approach to treatment. This treatment approach, which can be used by any clinician regardless of clinical context, employs cross-cutting change agents to promote lasting corrective and humanizing prosocial experiences, enhancing belonging through valued actions and relationships.
PubDate: 2025-01-29T00:00:00Z
- Treating Opioid Use Disorder and Opioid Withdrawal in the Context of
Fentanyl-
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Authors: Suky Martinez; Jennifer D. Ellis, Cecilia L. Bergeria, Andrew S. Huhn Kelly E. Dunn
Abstract: The opioid crisis, driven by illicitly manufactured fentanyl, presents significant challenges in treating opioid use disorder (OUD) and opioid withdrawal syndrome. Fentanyl is uniquely lethal due to its rapid onset and respiratory depressant effects, driving the surge in overdose deaths. This review examines the limitations of traditional diagnostic criteria like those of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR) and explores the potential of dimensional models such as the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) for a more nuanced understanding of OUD. Current treatments, including medications for OUD, are evaluated for efficacy in managing fentanyl-related OUD. Innovations in drug formulations and alternative induction methods are discussed to address the unique challenges posed by fentanyl. Psychotherapeutic and behavioral interventions, such as cognitive behavioral therapy and contingency management, are highlighted as crucial complements to pharmacotherapy. The review underscores the need for increased precision, comprehensive phenotyping, and advanced diagnostics to develop personalized treatment plans, all with the aim of improving patient outcomes and mitigating the societal impact of the opioid crisis.
PubDate: 2025-01-29T00:00:00Z
- Single-Session Interventions for Mental Health Problems and Service
Engagement: Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-
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Authors: Jessica L. Schleider; Juan Pablo Zapata, Andy Rapoport, Annie Wescott, Arka Ghosh, Benji Kaveladze, Erica Szkody Isaac L. Ahuvia
Abstract: Most people with mental health needs cannot access treatment; among those who do, many access services only once. Accordingly, single-session interventions (SSIs) may help bridge the treatment gap. We conducted the first umbrella review synthesizing research on SSIs for mental health problems and service engagement in youth and adults. Our search yielded 24 systematic reviews of SSIs, which included 415 unique trials. Twenty reviews (83.33%) reported significant, positive effects of SSIs for one or more outcomes (anxiety, depression, externalizing problems, eating problems, substance use, treatment engagement or uptake). Across 12 reviews that meta-analytically examined SSIs’ effectiveness relative to controls, SSIs showed a positive effect across outcomes and age groups (standardized mean difference = −0.25, I2 = 43.17%). Per AMSTAR 2 (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews), some methodological concerns emerged across reviews, such as low rates of preregistration. Overall, findings support the clinical utility of SSIs for certain psychological problems and populations. Implementation research is needed to integrate effective SSIs into systems of care.
PubDate: 2025-01-28T00:00:00Z
- Personality Disorders: Current Conceptualizations and Challenges
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Authors: Thomas A. Widiger; Michelle M. Smith
Abstract: The personality disorders are said to be at the vanguard in the shift to a dimensional model of classification, as exemplified in the Alternative Model of Personality (AMPD) presented in Section III of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) for emerging models and in the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). Considered herein are some limitations and challenges. For the DSM-5 AMPD trait model, these include problematic placements, inadequate coverage, perceived complexity, and lack of cutoff points. For the DSM-5 AMPD Level of Personality Functioning (LPF), they include the complexity, the questionable presumption that the LPF defines the core of personality disorder, the presumption that the LPF identifies what is unique to the personality disorders, and the premise that the LPF is distinct from the maladaptive traits. Limitations and challenges of the ICD-11 model are the absence of lower-order facet scales and the fact that only the level of severity is required. This review suggests that the trait of depressivity belongs with negative affectivity and suspicion belongs within antagonism, that maladaptive traits from all 10 poles of the five domains should be provided, and that cutoff points based on social-occupational impairment and/or distress should be provided. The review summarizes research that questions whether the LPF represents the core of personality disorder, identifies what is unique to the personality disorders, and is distinct from maladaptive traits. Finally, the review suggests that the ICD-11 should require the assessment of the traits and include facet scales.
PubDate: 2025-01-21T00:00:00Z
- Autism Spectrum Disorder Across the Lifespan
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Authors: Maira Tafolla; Hannah Singer Catherine Lord
Abstract: Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects individuals worldwide throughout their lives. Copious advances in research have enhanced our understanding of autism significantly since Dr. Leo Kanner's first description of the condition in 1943. This review aims to provide an overview of our current knowledge of autism, examining its manifestations across age, race, gender, and co-occurring conditions (e.g., intellectual disability) from childhood through adulthood. We also focus on the identification and diagnosis of autism, long-term outcomes with a spotlight on adulthood, and appropriate supports and interventions across different developmental stages for autistic individuals and their families. We stress the importance of a lifespan perspective that considers the evolving needs of individuals with autism as they age, and we highlight the role of longitudinal research.
PubDate: 2025-01-21T00:00:00Z
- Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorder Stigma: Mapping Pathways Between
Structures and Individuals to Accelerate Research and Intervention-
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Authors: Valerie A. Earnshaw; Mohammad Mousavi, Xueli Qiu Annie B. Fox
Abstract: Researchers, interventionists, and clinicians are increasingly recognizing the importance of structural stigma in elevating the risk of mental illnesses (MIs) and substance use disorders (SUDs) and in undermining MI/SUD treatment and recovery. Yet, the pathways through which structural stigma influences MI/SUD-related outcomes remain unclear. In this review, we aim to address this gap by summarizing scholarship on structural MI/SUD stigma and identifying pathways whereby structural stigma affects MI/SUD-related outcomes. We introduce a conceptual framework that describes how structural-level stigma mechanisms influence the MI/SUD treatment cascade via (a) interpersonal- and individual-level stigma mechanisms and (b) mediating processes among people with MI/SUD (i.e., access to resources, psychological responses, behavioral responses, social isolation). We consider intersections between MI/SUD stigma and stigma based on race/ethnicity, gender identity, and sexual orientation. Finally, we discuss the implications of this review for future research, interventions, and clinical practice.
PubDate: 2025-01-13T00:00:00Z
- Stress and Cardiovascular Disease: The Role of Affective Traits and Mental
Disorders-
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Authors: Richard J. Contrada
Abstract: Personality traits involving negative affect, as well as mental disorders including depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder, are cardiovascular risk factors. However, which of these confer risk independently is uncertain, and the implications of their overlap, combinations, and interactions are poorly understood. Potential explanatory mechanisms are being characterized with increasing detail and sophistication. Of particular interest are psychobiological processes initiated by stress. Other mechanisms involve stress-related health behaviors and illness behaviors that delay or reduce the effectiveness of medical treatment. With some promising exceptions, findings of intervention trials are uncertain regarding the effectiveness of psychological treatments for modifying affective traits and mental disorders to reduce their impact on cardiovascular disease. Recent developments include novel conceptualizations of mental disorders; examination of the interplay between cognitive factors and emotion; and theoretical frameworks that integrate psychological stress processes with neuroscience, health behavior, and social cognition. Also promising is increased attention to gender identity and minority group membership.
PubDate: 2025-01-13T00:00:00Z
- Pathways to Racial/Ethnic Inequalities in Dementia
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Authors: Jordan D. Palms; Ketlyne Sol Laura B. Zahodne
Abstract: Individuals from minoritized racial/ethnic groups face a disproportionate burden of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. This health inequality reflects structural racism, which creates and sustains racial differences in social determinants of health, including education access and quality, economic stability, social and community context, neighborhood and built environment, and health care access and quality. Thus, understanding pathways that lead to dementia inequalities requires addressing individual- and system-level factors. This article summarizes evidence linking each social determinant of health to racial/ethnic inequalities in dementia, emphasizing upstream factors and mechanisms as potential levels of intervention. The importance of resilience in marginalized groups as well as critical research considerations for dementia inequalities are also discussed. Future directions highlight the need to understand the common and unique mechanisms driving inequalities across minoritized groups, where research is lacking.
PubDate: 2025-01-13T00:00:00Z
- Climate Change and Mental Health
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Authors: Susan Clayton; Tara Crandon
Abstract: Climate change negatively threatens mental health through acute, chronic, indirect, and vicarious pathways. Though these psychological consequences will be felt globally, specific populations are at increased risk. This article describes the complex and diverse ways in which climate change can affect mental health and the resulting challenges that health care services will inevitably face. In responding to these threats, both prevention and intervention are urgently needed. Although mitigating the extent of climate change is crucial, we can also foster resilience to climate change—the ability to manage, respond to, and prepare for climate-related adversity—at the systemic, community, and individual levels. The mental health field must prepare for the significant burden that climate change will place on population health and well-being in the long term. In this review, we aim to inform and provide examples of how decision makers, the mental health discipline, and mental health professionals can respond.
PubDate: 2024-12-11T00:00:00Z
- The Mental Health of Sexual Minority Individuals: Five Explanatory
Theories and Their Implications for Intervention and Future Research-
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Authors: John E. Pachankis; Kirsty A. Clark
Abstract: Research on the disparity in common mental health problems borne by sexual minority individuals has entered a stage of increasing theoretical complexity. Indeed, such a substantial disparity is likely not determined by a singular cause and therefore warrants diverse etiological perspectives tested with increasingly rigorous methodologies. The research landscape is made even more complex by the constant and rapid shift in the ways in which sexual minority people understand and characterize their own identities and experiences. This review introduces readers to this complexity by summarizing the historical legacy of research on the sexual orientation disparity in mental health, describing five contemporary theoretical explanations for this disparity and their supporting evidence, and suggesting theoretically informed interventions for reducing this disparity. Last, we offer an agenda for future research to accurately model the complexity of the pathways and solutions to the disproportionately poorer mental health of sexual minority populations.
PubDate: 2024-12-02T00:00:00Z
- Wisdom, Resilience, and Well-Being in Later Life
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Authors: Dilip V. Jeste; George S. Alexopoulos, Dan G. Blazer, Helen Lavretsky, Perminder S. Sachdev Charles F. Reynolds
Abstract: As the numbers of older adults continue to increase globally, the need for facilitating healthy aging has become critical. While a physically healthy lifestyle, including exercise and diet, is important, recent research has highlighted a major impact of psychosocial determinants of health, such as resilience, wisdom, positive social connections, and mental well-being, on whole health. This article focuses on keeping the mind and brain healthy with psychosocially active aging. It has six sections: Philosophy Concepts of Wisdom, Resilience, and Well-Being; Wisdom: Clinical, Neurobiological, and Evolutionary Perspectives; Resilience, Adaptation, and Augmentation; Psychological Resilience, Brain Health, and Whole Person Health; Preventing Depression and Promoting Resilience and Well-Being in Old Age; and The Centenarian as a Model of Resilience and Well-Being. We discuss the biopsychosocial mechanisms and effectiveness of healthy lifestyle strategies and propose a framework for future research and its practical implications for promoting wisdom, resilience, and well-being at the individual, societal, and policy levels.
PubDate: 2024-12-02T00:00:00Z
- Life Is About Change: A Professional Memoir
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Authors: Marvin R. Goldfried
Abstract: Receiving my doctorate in 1961 just as John F. Kennedy was inaugurated president of the United States, I was inspired by his sentiment that any person can make a difference, and every person should try. In this memoir I review my professional journey of trying to make a difference in researching, teaching, supervising, and practicing clinical psychology and psychotherapy. I began my career by working on an evidence base for projective techniques. Upon joining the Stony Brook faculty, I shifted my efforts to research on and practice of behavior therapy, and then to the incorporation of cognition in developing cognitive behavioral therapy. Further work on integration consisted of closing the gap between research and practice, lowering the barriers that existed across schools of therapy, and incorporating lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender issues into mainstream psychology.
PubDate: 2024-07-12T00:00:00Z
- Intervention Optimization: A Paradigm Shift and Its Potential Implications
for Clinical Psychology-
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Authors: Linda M. Collins; Inbal Nahum-Shani, Kate Guastaferro, Jillian C. Strayhorn, David J. Vanness Susan A. Murphy
Abstract: To build a coherent knowledge base about what psychological intervention strategies work, develop interventions that have positive societal impact, and maintain and increase this impact over time, it is necessary to replace the classical treatment package research paradigm. The multiphase optimization strategy (MOST) is an alternative paradigm that integrates ideas from behavioral science, engineering, implementation science, economics, and decision science. MOST enables optimization of interventions to strategically balance effectiveness, affordability, scalability, and efficiency. In this review we provide an overview of MOST, discuss several experimental designs that can be used in intervention optimization, consider how the investigator can use experimental results to select components for inclusion in the optimized intervention, discuss the application of MOST in implementation science, and list future issues in this rapidly evolving field. We highlight the feasibility of adopting this new research paradigm as well as its potential to hasten the progress of psychological intervention science.
PubDate: 2024-07-12T00:00:00Z
- Mobile Health Interventions for Substance Use Disorders
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Authors: Michael S. Businelle; Olga Perski, Emily T. Hébert Darla E. Kendzor
Abstract: Substance use disorders (SUDs) have an enormous negative impact on individuals, families, and society as a whole. Most individuals with SUDs do not receive treatment because of the limited availability of treatment providers, costs, inflexible work schedules, required treatment-related time commitments, and other hurdles. A paradigm shift in the provision of SUD treatments is currently underway. Indeed, with rapid technological advances, novel mobile health (mHealth) interventions can now be downloaded and accessed by those that need them anytime and anywhere. Nevertheless, the development and evaluation process for mHealth interventions for SUDs is still in its infancy. This review provides a critical appraisal of the significant literature in the field of mHealth interventions for SUDs with a particular emphasis on interventions for understudied and underserved populations. We also discuss the mHealth intervention development process, intervention optimization, and important remaining questions.
PubDate: 2024-07-12T00:00:00Z
- Racial Stress, Racial Trauma, and Evidence-Based Strategies for Coping and
Empowerment-
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Authors: Samantha C. Holmes; Manzar Zare, Angela M. Haeny Monnica T. Williams
Abstract: Racial stress and racial trauma refer to psychological, physiological, and behavioral responses to race-based threats and discriminatory experiences. This article reviews the evidence base regarding techniques for coping with racial stress and trauma. These techniques include self-care, self-compassion, social support, mindfulness, cognitive restructuring, cognitive defusion, identity-affirming practices and development of racial/ethnic identity, expressive writing, social action and activism, and psychedelics. These strategies have shown the potential to mitigate psychological symptoms and foster a sense of empowerment among individuals affected by racial stress and trauma. While the ultimate goal should undoubtedly be to address the root cause of racism, it is imperative to acknowledge that until then, implementing these strategies can effectively provide much-needed support for individuals affected by racism.
PubDate: 2024-07-12T00:00:00Z
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