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- E pluribus unum' Investigating the Acculturation Strategies and Testing
the Integration Hypothesis and a Support and Discrimination Model in the
Three Largest Minority Groups in Israel-
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Authors: Eugene Tartakovsky
Abstract: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Ahead of Print.
This study investigated the acculturation strategies and tested the integration hypothesis and a support and discrimination (SAD) model, which was suggested as an alternative to the rejection-disidentification and rejection-identification models, in the three largest minority groups in Israel. The study used stratified samples of immigrants from the former Soviet Union (n = 848), Palestinian Israelis (n = 631), and ultra-Orthodox Jews (n = 940). The connections between and relative strengths of ethnic and national identifications differed across the three groups. Minority group identification and social support from the minority group positively affected the psychological well-being of all groups. In addition, a positive effect of social support from the minority and the majority groups on identification with these groups was found in all groups. However, the effect of discrimination on minority and national identifications and the effect of majority support and national identification on well-being varied across the three groups.
Citation: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
PubDate: 2025-02-12T06:06:22Z
DOI: 10.1177/00220221241313041
- Assessing Attachment Classification Difference Between Indigenous and
Non-Indigenous Children: A Systematic Review-
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Authors: Sarah-Louise B. Tkaczyk, Sarah Miller, Douglas Angus, Abbey Lawless, Germaine Paulson, Bruce D. Watt
Abstract: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Ahead of Print.
This systematic review sought to investigate differences in attachment classification between Indigenous and non-Indigenous children, measures used to determine Indigenous attachment classification, and adjustments made to measurements to ensure relevance to Indigenous participants. Owing to diversity in cultural context and caregiving arrangements between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations, classification differences were expected between cohorts. A systematic search of 5,980 studies was undertaken to investigate attachment classification differences between Indigenous and non-Indigenous infants and children, age 0 to 18 years, in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and America, in which 15 eligible quantitative and qualitative studies were identified and synthesized (N = 3,452). There were no suitable Australian, New Zealand, or Canadian studies utilizing Indigenous samples. The review relied on Native American infant and child samples and found a lack of culturally specific attachment classifications, as studies did not distinguish between Indigenous and non-Indigenous participant classifications. Furthermore, studies did not validate adjustments made to attachment measures or designs to ensure contextual relevance and applicability to Indigenous participants. The review brings to attention the lack of culturally specific attachment measures for Indigenous infants and children. Further research is needed to establish a reliable attachment classification system for use with Indigenous infants and children to ensure a comprehensive and informed understanding of Indigenous caregiving systems and assessment and influence key decisions that impact the wellbeing of Indigenous people.
Citation: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
PubDate: 2025-02-05T05:04:42Z
DOI: 10.1177/00220221251314431
- Culture and Conflict Management Strategy: The Mediating Role of
Instrumental Concerns-
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Authors: Sara Yamini, Kyriaki Fousiani, Hossein Dabiriyan Tehrani, Barbara Wisse
Abstract: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Ahead of Print.
This study investigated the role of individualism and collectivism—as an individual trait—in conflict management strategies (i.e., forcing, problem-solving, avoiding, compromising, and yielding) while also considering the mediating role of instrumental concerns (e.g., self-, mutual-, and other-concerns) in conflict. A time-lagged study (ensuring temporal separation of study measures) was conducted encompassing samples from three different countries. The total sample (N = 608) comprised 237 Greek (73.4% females, Mage = 37.13, SD = 12.03), 167 Dutch (79% females, Mage = 19.41, SD = 1.86), and 204 U.S. (52.0% females, Mage = 36.68, SD = 11.62) respondents. The results showed that self-instrumental concerns (i.e., concerns about benefits or outcomes directly affecting oneself) mediated the positive relationship between vertical individualism and forcing. Moreover, other-instrumental concerns (i.e., concerns about benefits or outcomes primarily affecting others) mediated the positive relationship between vertical collectivism and yielding. Finally, mutual-instrumental concerns (i.e., concerns about benefits or outcomes that affect both oneself and others) mediated the positive relationship between horizontal collectivism and problem-solving. Emphasizing instrumental concerns as a key mechanism underlying the relationship between cultural orientation on the one hand and conflict management on the contrary can help develop targeted interventions and improve interpersonal communication and collaboration among people with different cultural values.
Citation: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
PubDate: 2025-01-30T04:36:01Z
DOI: 10.1177/00220221241312414
- Collective Narratives and Traditional Values in Meetings to Promote Peace:
The Case of Religious Jewish and Muslim Women in Israel-
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Authors: Tehila Kalagy, Bella Layosh
Abstract: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Ahead of Print.
This study examined collective narratives and interactions among religious Muslim women and ultra-Orthodox Jewish women during meetings designed to promote dialogue. The dialogue group consisted of 10 women leaders from each of the two patriarchal communities who met regularly over 3 years (2018–2021); conversations were summarized, recorded, and transcribed by the researchers, and the data were categorized into three themes based on the model developed by Sagy et al. (2002). This model investigates collective narratives of the in-group and the out-group via legitimacy, empathy, and anger. This work revealed several important findings. First, there was meaningful dialogue that occurred between the participants. This dialogue led to better understanding of the collective narratives of others and the ability to identify certain similarities between the groups. In addition, while the women who participated in the dialogue group were familiar with the limitations of gender within traditional society, they also discovered advantages that contributed to a common, respectful dialogue. Finally, the duration of the conversations and the tolerance of the women created trust and a desire to promote neighborly relations. These findings indicate that the presence of women in peace discussions is quite effective and could potentially lead to applicable nonviolent practices.
Citation: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
PubDate: 2025-01-24T12:09:15Z
DOI: 10.1177/00220221241299120
- Ubuntu in Namibia and Kenya: How Emerging Adults Live an Essential African
Value Today-
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Authors: Julia S. Rotzinger, Lene Arnett Jensen, Amber Gayle Thalmayer
Abstract: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Ahead of Print.
Psychology in Africa often relies on Euro-American theories, despite their limitations in African cultures. Here, a shift to an Afrocentric perspective was made by exploring Ubuntu in two sub-Saharan African countries using a cultural-developmental psychology approach for in-depth emic understanding. Ubuntu (also known as botho, etc.) is a moral ideal that at core means placing a higher importance on the community than on oneself. Most literature on this important African concept has been theoretical rather than empirical, and little is known about how well it describes contemporary worldviews and experiences of emerging adults. In this interview study, Namibian and Kenyan emerging adults (ages 18–20 years, N = 23) shared their views on, identification with, and behaviors shaped by Ubuntu values. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to develop four themes that convey the advantages and disadvantages described: I am because I am connected; Together we do better; Following and passing on traditions; and Costs of community—freeloaders and restrictions. Findings support the theoretical literature on Ubuntu while contributing the voices of a new generation, coming of age into a mix of tradition and globalization. Participants identified strongly with Ubuntu values and practiced them in old and new ways. They also sometimes desired more autonomy in the realms of education and spirituality. This empirical study on Ubuntu offers insights into the lived experience of a philosophy and values of ongoing importance in the African region and sets the stage for a research agenda to integrate this important construct into cross-cultural psychology.
Citation: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
PubDate: 2025-01-21T05:11:09Z
DOI: 10.1177/00220221241309863
- Institutional Cultural Norms, Cultural Motives for College and Adjustment:
Cultural Mismatch Theory in the Chinese Context-
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Authors: Yun Lu, Yiling Zhu, Weidi Huang, Chaoyi Zhou, Zhanren Shen, Yun Qiu, Yu Ke, Xinyu Zong, Qing Guo, Maidinuer Yashengjiang, Jian Man
Abstract: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Ahead of Print.
Cultural mismatch theory attempts to explain how the independent, middle-class culture of U.S. higher education may inadvertently contribute to creating and maintaining social class inequalities for students from interdependently oriented, working-class background. The current research was the first attempt to examine the theory’s cross-cultural applicability in the Chinese context. Validating the main claims of cultural mismatch theory, more selective Chinese universities endorsed significantly more independent values but similar interdependent values as their less-selective counterparts (Study 1), and first-generation college students endorsed significantly more interdependent motives for college than their continuing-generation counterparts (Studies 2, 3). Somewhat different from prior findings in the U.S., which found holding interdependent models of self to robustly predict negative outcomes, results revealed nuanced cultural advantage for holding independent models of self for Chinese students in terms of lower depression (Study 2) and higher daily sense of fit over a 2-week span (Study 3). The Chinese university culture did not seem to exert unequal cultural barriers through a lack of interdependent norms, but an overemphasis of independent norms. The cross-cultural perspective helps contextualize institutionalized cultural mismatch in the culture of the larger society.
Citation: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
PubDate: 2025-01-07T12:55:32Z
DOI: 10.1177/00220221241305094
- Intrapersonal, Cultural, and Community Assets among Puerto Rican Hurricane
Maria Survivors: A Latent Profile Analysis-
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Authors: Cory L. Cobb, Christopher P. Salas-Wright, Sehun Oh, Mildred M. Maldonado-Molina, Eric C. Brown, Maria Duque, Melissa M. Bates, Jose Rodriguez, Seth J. Schwartz
Pages: 3 - 19
Abstract: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Volume 56, Issue 1, Page 3-19, January 2025.
In September 2017, Hurricane Maria decimated Puerto Rico and resulted in the deaths of thousands of people, the destruction of thousands of homes, and the mass migration of hundreds of thousands of Puerto Ricans to the U.S. mainland. Because of these events, Puerto Rican Hurricane Maria survivors on the U.S. mainland are at risk for depressive symptomatology. The purpose of this study was to examine sources of protection against depressive symptoms in this population, with a focus on identifying protective assets and how such assets are differentially distributed across subsets of survivors. A sample of 319 Puerto Rican Hurricane Maria survivors (Mage = 38.5 years, 77% women) completed surveys of intrapersonal, cultural, and community assets, as well as a measure of depressive symptoms. Results showed that optimism and religiosity at the intrapersonal level, and collective efficacy and community safety at the community level, emerged as significant protective assets against depression. Results from a latent profile analysis revealed four classes of survivors based on their degree and type of protection: High Protection, Safe Community, Moderate Protection, and Low Protection. The High Protection class reported fewer depressive symptoms compared with the Moderate and Low Protection classes but reported similar levels of depressive symptoms as the Safe Community class. Findings suggest that intrapersonal cognitive factors, and community efficacy and safety factors may represent salient assets among hurricane survivors on the U.S. mainland. Findings also illustrate that subsets of Puerto Rican Hurricane Maria survivors vary in their degree and type of protective assets.
Citation: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
PubDate: 2024-09-30T11:01:31Z
DOI: 10.1177/00220221241283441
Issue No: Vol. 56, No. 1 (2024)
- The Effects of Cognitive Self-Consciousness, Cultural Values, and
Socioeconomic Context on Anxiety in Youth: A Meta-Analysis-
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Authors: Wei Shi
Pages: 20 - 39
Abstract: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Volume 56, Issue 1, Page 20-39, January 2025.
Youth mental health is a global health priority due to its increasing prevalence and adverse outcomes. Although the relationship between metacognitions and anxiety is well-documented in adults, further research is needed for the younger populations. This research examines two questions: (a) What is the correlation between cognitive self-consciousness and anxiety in children and adolescents' (b) Is this correlation moderated by cultural and socioeconomic differences' Based on 22 effect sizes from 8,459 participants in 11 countries, a meta-analysis was performed to find the overall effect size, heterogeneity, publication bias, and the moderating effect of Hofstede’s four cultural dimensions and United Nation Development Programme’s (UNDP) Human Development Index (HDI). Using the random-effects model, the results revealed that cognitive self-consciousness (r = .312, p < .0001, 95% confidence interval: [.257, .365]) showing moderate effect size in association with anxiety in children and adolescents. Meta-regressions indicated that power distance, masculinity, and HDI were important moderators. The findings show a significant correlation between cognitive self-consciousness and mental wellness in youth. The results have important implications for understanding the influence of cultural beliefs and national-level context on the associations between cognition and psychopathology. This article provides consistent evidence that there is a lack of mental health research resources in the Global South.
Citation: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
PubDate: 2024-11-08T11:20:48Z
DOI: 10.1177/00220221241294222
Issue No: Vol. 56, No. 1 (2024)
- Indigeneity in Context—Evolving Maya Ch’orti’ Notions of Cultural
Identity: A Qualitative Study From 1993 to 2019-
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Authors: Daniel Bagheri Sarvestani, Gesa Solveig Duden
Pages: 40 - 60
Abstract: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Volume 56, Issue 1, Page 40-60, January 2025.
The Maya Ch’orti’ people are Indigenous to the border regions of Honduras and Guatemala. For a great number of years, they have faced structural racism and discrimination combined with continued land dispossession. In the contexts of colonization and the creation of the modern Honduran state, any identification with Indigenous groups has generally had negative connotations. Since the advent of the Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Discourses (IPRD), however, more communities have actively aligned with the Maya Ch’orti’ people. In our investigation of the ways in which cultural identity and belonging to a Maya Ch’orti’ community have shifted and evolved over time, we analyzed a total of 45 interview transcripts across three time points (1990s: n = 15, 2003–2004: n = 15, and 2018–2019: n = 15) using thematic analysis and a cross–data set analysis. Five major themes were developed: “Our land,” “In the past, we were oppressed and ashamed,” “Difficult present life: We are still oppressed,” “Maya Ch’orti’ revitalization and empowerment,” and “Being Indigenous.” As we compared these themes across our time points, it became apparent that notions of cultural identity have evolved in the Maya Ch’orti’ community from a negative appraisal to a positive, empowered, and confident notion. Our findings are being discussed in connection to the context of the IPRD and Indigenous peoples in other countries.
Citation: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
PubDate: 2024-11-08T11:20:57Z
DOI: 10.1177/00220221241295752
Issue No: Vol. 56, No. 1 (2024)
- Immigrant Youth Adaptation and Risk Involvement: The Case of Immigrant
Youth From France and the Former Soviet Union in Israel-
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Authors: Liat Yakhnich, Keren Michael, Ilan Shdema
Pages: 61 - 82
Abstract: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Volume 56, Issue 1, Page 61-82, January 2025.
Immigration is challenging for youth as it requires reorganization of their developmental system and can increase their vulnerability to risk factors. Adaptation processes may be affected further by the cultural context in which they take place. This study explored immigration and adaptation experiences among youth at risk, who had immigrated to Israel from France and from the Former Soviet Union (FSU), and the impact of these experiences on the youth’s involvement in risk behaviors. The 27 participants interviewed for this qualitative study were 11 immigrant youth from France, 10 from the FSU, and 6 practitioners who work with immigrant youth at risk. Data analysis indicates that immigration is a significant life event that affects all spheres of the youth’s lives: identity, relationships with parents and peers, and school integration. Based on the participants’ interviews, we conceptualized adaptation as a multilevel process, related to youth’s potential involvement in risk behaviors. Moreover, immigrant youth’s experiences on different levels are shaped by their culture of origin—a matrix in which their adaptation and risk behavior occur. The findings, derived from a comprehensive perspective of both the youth and the practitioners, have substantial implications for practice and policy to enhance immigrant youth’s constructive adaptation. Specifically, we emphasize the key role of pre- and post-migration preparation that targets immigrant youth and their parents, and Israeli education institutions that receive immigrants.
Citation: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
PubDate: 2024-11-04T05:58:18Z
DOI: 10.1177/00220221241289853
Issue No: Vol. 56, No. 1 (2024)
- Young Black American’s Use of Afrocentric and Black Liberation
Spiritual-Based Practices to Thrive Amid Racism: A Meta-Synthesis-
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Authors: Janise S. Parker, Tamika Jackson, Natoya Haskins, Danielle Wright, Janeé Avent Harris
Pages: 83 - 104
Abstract: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Volume 56, Issue 1, Page 83-104, January 2025.
Researchers have proposed Afrocentrism and Black Liberation Theology as two culture-specific frameworks that may explain why spirituality contributes to Black American’s capacity to thrive, despite ongoing encounters with racism that can lead to diminished mental health. Still, scholars have not examined the connection between spirituality, racism, and mental health among young Black Americans (adolescents and emerging adults) through an integrative lens of Afrocentrism and Black Liberation Theology. A meta-synthesis permits researchers to synthesize and draw new meaning to existing qualitative studies. As such, we synthesized qualitative data from 16 studies that included the voices of approximately 288 Black adolescents and emerging adults to understand processes involved in their use of Afrocentric and Black Liberation spiritual-based practices to thrive and navigate mental health-related challenges sparked by racism and other intersecting forms of social oppression. Findings revealed four interconnected components: (a) Commitment to a Spiritual Identity, (b) Critical Consciousness, (c) Connecting to the Transcendent, and (d) Collectivism and Communal Support. This study shows how a meta-synthesis was employed to provide an in-depth understanding of Black youths’ use of spiritual resources to thrive amid racism and intersectional oppression.
Citation: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
PubDate: 2024-11-04T05:56:59Z
DOI: 10.1177/00220221241292591
Issue No: Vol. 56, No. 1 (2024)
- Is Primacy of Primary Control Universal' Comparisons Between Ideal-Actual
Levels of Control Strategies Among Youth and Emerging Adults Across Four
Countries-
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Authors: Takafumi Sawaumi, Jenny Kurman, Joonha Park, Angela R. Robinson, Inbal Sagie, Susumu Yamaguchi
Abstract: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Ahead of Print.
Control strategies are cognitive, affective, and/or behavioral attempts to improve one’s status quo in social situations. A widely cited dichotomy classifies control strategies into two processes: primary and secondary control. Primary control refers to behaviors aimed at changing one’s external realities, whereas secondary control refers to people’s attempts to change themselves. Previous literature has provided conflicting views regarding the interplay between culture and control orientation: mostly, East Asian preference for secondary control and Western preference for primary control versus universal preference for primary control. We clarify this inconsistency by differentiating between ideal and actual control choices. We hypothesized that primary control would be universally preferred over secondary control at the ideal level, whereas that would not be the case for actual control choices. Consistent with the prediction, a systematic review of the previous research (Study 1) generally supports the hypothesized pattern, and our data from four countries in Study 2 suggest a primacy of primary over secondary control at the ideal level, a preference that is not always manifested in actual choice. An additional analysis of cultural unpackaging showed that, among other individual differences, prevention focus in particular is at play when people hesitate to use primary control despite their desire to use it.
Citation: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
PubDate: 2024-12-09T11:49:17Z
DOI: 10.1177/00220221241302087
- Unethical Pro-Organizational Behavior Across the Cultures: A Meta-Analysis
of Antecedents From 16 Countries-
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Authors: Vivek Mishra, Varun Sharma, Deepak Verma
Abstract: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Ahead of Print.
This meta-analysis investigates the moderating effect of national culture dimensions, as delineated by Hofstede (1991), on the relationship between unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB) and its leading antecedents. Leveraging data from 91 published articles, with 175 effect sizes and 36,664 participants across 16 countries, the study investigates the extent to which national culture shapes employees’ inclination for UPB. The results highlight that specific cultural dimensions—power distance, individualism-collectivism, masculinity-femininity, and uncertainty avoidance—exhibit a pronounced impact on the relationships between UPB and specific antecedents, such as moral identity, reciprocity, and job satisfaction. The findings underscore that societies characterized by higher power distance, higher collectivism, more masculinity, and lower uncertainty avoidance are more conducive to UPB, where the pro-organizational element may exert a greater sense of obligation toward organizations among employees. These findings carry significant ramifications for multinational corporations and diverse teams in the context of cross-cultural management and leadership by elucidating how the variations in employees’ inclination toward UPB may be attributed to the moderating impact of their national culture.
Citation: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
PubDate: 2024-11-28T09:57:24Z
DOI: 10.1177/00220221241299048
- Twenty-Two Centuries of Nostalgia in Classical Chinese Poetry
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Authors: Chao Li, Constantine Sedikides, Tim Wildschut, Jianning Dang, Li Liu
Abstract: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Ahead of Print.
A burgeoning literature on nostalgia has identified the construct’s features, affective content, triggers, and psychological benefits across cultures. It has been argued that nostalgia is a fundamental human emotion. If so, these properties of nostalgia ought to be detected historically. We tested this possibility by relying on classical Chinese poetry, a unique vehicle given its historical relevance to ancient life and ability to express emotion. Content analyses of 600 poems revealed that, across dynasties, nostalgia was perceived and experienced similarly to today. In particular, the central (and also peripheral) features of the construct “nostalgia” were similar, the affective tone of nostalgia was mostly positive, its triggers paralleled contemporary ones (with visual stimuli and close others being most salient), and its psychological benefits were the same (with social connectedness being most prominent). The findings point to nostalgia as fundamental human emotion and open up promising directions of inquiry.
Citation: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
PubDate: 2024-11-26T03:38:44Z
DOI: 10.1177/00220221241298232
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