 Subjects -> PSYCHOLOGY (Total: 983 journals)
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- Unraveling the Neuropsychological Underpinnings of Self-Regulation
Problems in Individuals Convicted of Sexual Offenses Against Children: A
Look Into Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Tineke Dillien, Inti A. Brazil, Bernard Sabbe, Kris Goethals
Pages: 1 - 19
Abstract: Self-regulation problems are critically involved in the onset and the maintenance of sexual offending behavior against children. Studying the neuropsychological underpinnings of these problems could help deepen our understanding of this contributing factor and, thus, of sexual offending behavior. Whereas most studies have examined executive functioning in relation to self-regulation problems in individuals convicted of sexual offenses against children (ISOCs), this review aimed to provide an overview of what is known about another process that is involved in self-regulation, that is reinforcement learning. The results of this review suggested that ISOCs are impaired in their ability to acquire and reverse stimulus-reward and stimulus-punishment associations relative to nonoffender controls, but similar to a control group of individuals convicted of nonsexual violent offenses. These reinforcement learning impairments were found to be more pronounced in nonpedophilic ISOCs than in pedophilic ISOCs. By paving the way towards a deeper understanding of the self-regulation problems seen in ISOCs, this review can help guide treatment strategies for ISOCs.
PubDate: 2023-05-05
DOI: 10.5964/sotrap.7503
Issue No: Vol. 18 (2023)
- The Neuroanatomical Bases of Pedophilia and the Importance of
Distinguishing Genuine vs. Acquired Types: A Systematic Review
Authors: Christian C. Joyal
Pages: 1 - 21
Abstract: Neurological cases of child sexual abuse (acquired pedophilia) are sometimes used as evidence for the neuroanatomical bases of pedophilia. However, these cases seem to represent a more general syndrome of impulsivity or hypersexuality than a true modification of sexual interests. Therefore, acquired pedophilia may not be adequate to investigate the neurological correlates of pedophilia. The main goal of this study was to systematically review cases of acquired pedophilia to explore the possibility that they are more closely associated with generalized behavioral impulsivity or hyperactivity than a late onset sexual interest toward children. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for SysteMAtic reviews (PRISMA) guidelines, 64 cases of acquired pedophilia were identified. All but one were men. As expected, the mean age of onset for acquired pedophilic behaviors was higher than 50-year-old (M = 52.8-y.-o., SD = 15.6), most cases committed various additional sexual and nonsexual impulsive acts, and only a minority (19%) showed premorbid pedophilic interests. Brain damage mostly involved basal fronto-temporal regions associated with sexual, but also impulsive behaviors. It is concluded that acquired pedophilia should not be used as evidence for the neurological bases of genuine pedophilia. Psychiatric diagnoses of pedophilic disorder would also benefit from adding an exclusion criterion based on neurological etiology. Future investigations are required to determine why acquired pedophilia is almost exclusively observed in men.
PubDate: 2023-05-05
DOI: 10.5964/sotrap.6989
Issue No: Vol. 18 (2023)
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