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- Researcher-Participant Relationship: Strategic Dances in Research
Encounters-
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Abstract: Abstract During qualitative research, the researcher takes an active part in the formation of the outcome of the study. The experimenter is a research participant and an observer at the same time and has an active role in the formation of the gained knowledge (Gergen in American Psychologist, 56, 803–813, 2001). Both the researcher and the participants have some preassumptions regarding the research and regarding the people who are involved already before the encounter takes place. After the meeting is up, these preassumptions are either falsified or reinforced, and the participants form the first impressions about the study and about the people who participate. This follows the part of the interaction, where the things that are said may differ from the things that are understood. In this section, both the researcher and the participants imply relationship offers to the other party. These offers can either be accepted or denied, forming further social interaction in this way. After the encounter ends, some resonance remains in the parties, which can be reflected on. Considering the subjective elements of a social situation like this, peer supervision can be a helpful tool to highlight the different perspectives and some aspects that would have stayed hidden from the eyes of the researcher. This study zooms to the relationship formed between the researcher and the research participants, showing the complexity of qualitative research, where a strict script doesn’t exist, and the dynamic between the researcher and the participants influences the development of the project and the interpretation of the gained data. This paper presents two case studies, with two male participants, and shows the different dynamics between them and me during the research. They positioned me during the project in different roles. For one of them, I was an intellectual conversation partner, with whom he can speak about philosophy, spirituality, and Buddhism. On the contrary, the other participant positioned me as a Friday-night dating partner and didn’t recognize me in the role of a researcher. To illustrate the dynamics between myself and the research participants, I have created a model to interpret and visualize the data from the study. Ultimately, I would like to draw attention to the importance of peer supervision in qualitative research, because as much as we are aware that our person has an impact on the outcome of our research, our subjectivity can hide many factors if the research is not put into perspective.
PubDate: 2024-09-01
DOI: 10.1007/s42087-022-00278-7
- Contemporary Mobility Decisions of International and Danish Students in
Denmark Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic-
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Abstract: Abstract The study investigates the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mobility decisions of international and domestic (Danish) students in Denmark employing a phenomonology research design. The study revealed that some of the study participants’ mobility decisions and future employment prospects were largely impacted due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Even those who had their internships abroad confirmed, uncertainties abound whether it will be done remotely or physically. Also, the switching from physical to online classes makes students-students and students-lectures interaction and relationship very challenging resulting in some cases, poor academic performance, loneliness, depression, and mental health problems. Besides, we discovered some positive endorsements towards the Danish government’s handling of the pandemic. Finally, the study proposed for a complete opening of the higher educational institutions and libraries in Denmark for physical teaching and learning to occur, with adherence to the safety protocols.
PubDate: 2024-09-01
DOI: 10.1007/s42087-022-00280-z
- Football Fans in the “Südkurve”: An Escape from the
Pressure to Singularize'-
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Abstract: Abstract With remarkable regularity, escalation processes in soccer stadiums lead to violence between police, private security guards, and soccer fans. This article examines the question of how this happens and what it means. In a consideration of Reckwitz’s thesis of the society of singularities, data from participant observation, interviews, and video analysis is examined in order to address the question of whether going to soccer games can be understood as a temporary break from the compulsion to individualize or singularize. In addition, the article develops the thesis that the escalation of processes of violence does not constitute the collapse of social order, but rather a predictable process in which all participants consistently cooperate (Collins). Through ordered togetherness and opposition, a common ritual (Durkheim and Turner) takes place, an always precarious walk up to the limits of what is socially acceptable, which also leads to the renewal of the social. Going to soccer stadiums, so my thesis, can be understood as testing the boundaries of the socially acceptable.
PubDate: 2024-09-01
DOI: 10.1007/s42087-022-00271-0
- Teaching Psychology in North America: Four Case Examples as Cautionary
Tales Introduction to the BISTOPS 2022 Special Section-
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Abstract: Abstract The articles and commentaries in this special section of Human Arenas are based on presentations by four invited speakers at the 2022 Biennial International Seminar on the Teaching of Psychological Science (BISTOPS; www.bistops.org). BISTOPS is designed to give 25–30 invited psychology teacher/researchers the opportunity to spend five days in Paris discussing research on various aspects of teaching psychological science, to exchange new research ideas, to create international research teams, and ultimately to generate empirical studies whose results will lead to evidence-based recommendations for promoting excellence in the teaching of psychology. Though written by North Americans about teaching psychology in North America, the articles are relevant for the teaching of psychology, and other disciplines, in many other parts of the world. That is because they deal with thorny questions about what teaching methods lead to the greatest long-term retention of new knowledge, about how we can disabuse our students of the misconceptions they bring with them to our courses, about whether and how we should try to protect students from potentially upsetting course content, and about how best to evaluate the quality of our teaching.
PubDate: 2024-09-01
DOI: 10.1007/s42087-023-00354-6
- “My Neighbor, My Friend": The Relevance of Support, Closeness, and
History of Relations in Neighborhood Friendship-
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Abstract: Abstract Friendship is a common and essential social relationship in daily life. Various works of literature have described friendship including how it is experienced in various contexts, yet limited studies have focused on the neighborhood context. This study aimed to investigate the relevance of neighborhood friendship and the characteristics of friendship that make it still relevant, especially in Indonesia. This study was conducted in two phases: 1) an online survey with an open-ended questionnaire and 2) in-depth interviews. A total of 222 participants completed the questionnaire and among those, 15 participants were interviewed to further understand the relevance of neighborhood friendship based on the emerging themes from the open-ended responses. This study found that neighborhood friendship is still relevant despite physical distance. Those relevancies are perceived in the three main characteristics of friendship: support, closeness, and history of relations. This study also found that the essence of friendship is not only discussed in a romantic view which highlights intimacy and closeness, but also in an instrumental view. However, support as an instrumental process may indicate the expressions of closeness, especially in close friendships. Furthermore, this study also suggests that although proximity characterized by physical interaction is crucial in the formation and maintenance of neighborhood friendship, physical distance and social mobility did not dissolve the relationship, due to the history of relations. In the neighborhood context, the history of relations bond people to a certain place and the social relationship formed in that particular place, stimulating certain feelings of belonging which encourage the maintenance of neighborhood friendship.
PubDate: 2024-09-01
DOI: 10.1007/s42087-022-00283-w
- Vulnerability in the Context of Migration: a Critical Overview and a New
Conceptual Model-
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Abstract: Abstract The notion of “vulnerability” occupies a central role in academic literature, policymaking, humanitarian debates, and everyday discourses on migration and asylum. Its popularity has led some academics and practitioners to use “vulnerability” as a self-explanatory condition or phenomenon. However, a common and systematic understanding of the concept is still missing, and the moral and political meaning often ascribed to this notion may have (un)intended detrimental consequences for those migrants deemed vulnerable. Thus, this paper sets out to critically unpack and highlight the complexities hidden behind this notion in order to provide a conceptual analysis of vulnerability in the context of migration. We do so by (1) providing an overview of definitions of vulnerability across different fields of research, (2) identifying common conceptualizations or types of vulnerability and discussing their implications, and (3) highlighting possible negative societal and psychological consequences of its implementation in the context of migration. Finally, we propose (4) a new conceptual model for understanding vulnerability in the context of migration, showing how this notion can become a useful analytical tool in migration research.
PubDate: 2024-09-01
DOI: 10.1007/s42087-022-00288-5
- Lost in Context' Critical Perspectives on Individualization
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Abstract: People in contemporary society are increasingly being addressed as agentic individuals who are held responsible for personal aspects of their life and beyond. These personal aspects contain the design and organization of one’s life path in terms of, e.g., (lifelong) education, work and retirement planning, health care, work-life balance, and happiness; or with regard to more abstract concepts like sustainability, individual subjects become responsible for the future of the ecosystem on a planetary scale. This individualization includes on the one hand potential empowerment of the subject to actively shape one’s own life, and on the other hand, it tends to ignore relevant socio-economic processes, scope, and power relations, which unfold as implicit and explicit social restrictions and potential pressure. Subjects navigate through such contexts with a compulsion to control faith and course of life by their decision-making, behavior, and an overall urge to optimize the self. This special section on individualization contains (a) an editorial frame of individualization within contemporary developments in a neoliberal context and (b) empirical contributions around the processes of individualization in various conditions such as the housing crisis in Berlin, career trajectories, and incorporated neoliberal ideology when opting out of a corporate career, pseudo individualization in Indian television commercials, and leisure activities alongside the example of soccer and related fan-group dynamics interpreted as an escape from the pressure to singularize.
PubDate: 2024-09-01
DOI: 10.1007/s42087-022-00295-6
- Myths and Misconceptions About Human Behavior and Mental Processes Held by
Introductory Psychology Students: A BISTOPS Collaborative Research Project
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Abstract: Abstract Many people endorse myths and hold misconceptions about human behavior and mental processes, and even taking a course in psychology does not necessarily reduce these misconceptions and beliefs in myths. Holding such misunderstandings can have serious consequences on the decisions people make in their lives. Most studies about psychological myths have focused on relatively small samples and single institutions. A group of researchers, unified by an enduring focus on student learning as an area of research, convened at the Biennial International Seminar on the Teaching of Psychological Science in 2018 to study this issue. We sought to explore the prevalence of these myths and misunderstandings of students who have just completed an introductory psychology course. Thus far, our collaboration has generated data from over 1000 introductory psychology students at seven institutions across the USA, and we have confirmed that there is widespread endorsement of many myths. We also surveyed those students’ instructors and found a negative correlation between the amount of time faculty spend debunking myths and myth endorsement. In this paper, we briefly describe the process of developing this research project and our initial findings. We also outline the future directions we plan to take, including reconsidering how the introductory course could be taught to maximize the reduction of misconceptions about human behavior and mental processes. We conclude by discussing some of the strengths, limitations, and difficulties of this collaborative project.
PubDate: 2024-09-01
DOI: 10.1007/s42087-023-00388-w
- Keeping a Foot in the Door: Neoliberal Ideology in Subjects Who Opt Out of
a Corporate Career-
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Abstract: Abstract It is well researched that ideals of freedom and self-fulfillment through work are perpetuated by the neoliberal ideology that permeates subjective reasoning, meaning-making, and everyday practices. While these ideals may seem attractive and enticing to the subject, their pursuit usually leads to less secure working contracts and conditions. Thus, organizations can continue to enforce economic principles and increase pressure on workers while, at the same time, the mechanisms of liberalization and individualization make subjects — not organizations — responsible for their own success and existential survival, and for creating meaningful and happy lives. Striving to design and optimize their own personal and professional trajectories, subjects perpetuate these ideals and thus adopt the socially-validated view that opting out of a salaried job in favor of self-employment is the zenith of self-actualization. Existing research on the phenomenon of opting out emphasizes gender differences around this issue, i.e., women opt out to stay home, whereas men — if their role is even considered — do so to enhance their careers. However, this research is sparse and lacks a contextualized understanding of the phenomenon, such that we still know very little about who opts out and why. Following an explorative approach, this study looks at 20 single-case stories of subjects who opted out from corporate career tracks. We find that the decision to opt out worked out well for diligent subjects with high self-esteem, who already had successful career trajectories and who — independently of gender — viewed it as an act to free oneself from, and a fundamental critique of, corporate working conditions and values. We analyze this finding through the theoretical lens of critical psychology in order to shed light on the phenomenon of opting out and the extent to which individuals can pursue meaningfulness in life and work within the scope of neoliberal conditions, i.e., in contexts where liberal principles remain applicable to the living and working conditions achieved by subjects after they have left the corporate world.
PubDate: 2024-09-01
DOI: 10.1007/s42087-022-00279-6
- Resistance Meaning-Making Process in a Brazilian Coco Music Group
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Abstract: Abstract This study addresses an investigation about how music and its elements (musical instruments) of a coco music group plays out in the cultural resistance process in remnants of a quilombola community. To that end, a survey was performed in the Castainho quilombola community, located in the rural area of the municipality of Garanhuns, belonging to the Agreste region of Pernambuco, Brazil, through a local coco music group named Castelo Branco. By adopting the theoretical-methodological assumptions of semiotic cultural psychology, a case study was conducted in line with the idiographic science, using combined research techniques to construct data, which would check the relevance of rituals and daily activities for the conservation of local customs through musical manifestation, with a special focus on the use of musical instruments and the lyrics of their songs. The research seeks to understand the identity elements of a quilombo, considering music as a point of preservation and strengthening of the maintenance of its culture.
PubDate: 2024-09-01
DOI: 10.1007/s42087-022-00286-7
- Unrootedness: a New Surface in the Lacanian Black Split Subject
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Abstract: Abstract How is the split black subject symbolized' The article attempts this question with its Lacanian-styled gap-filling (or -opening) method, using two clues — one from The Big Bang Theory sitcom, and the other from Achebe’s Things Fall Apart. The split subject comes before the imaginary, the mirror stage, which begins with the child’s experience of the Parental Other. Colonization and civil rights then become a later stage in the growth process of the black race, where the white acted as a Parental or Significant Other. Amy Farrell Fowler and Sheldon Cooper from CBS’ The Big Bang Theory (Season 6, Episode 21, first aired on April 25, 2013) both symbolically portray the colonial condition of Africa. After several failed attempts to attain gratification from his Significant Other, Cooper’s revolutionary attention to his “split subject’s needs” without Amy offers a new lens to theorize colonization as a “halfway error” to be corrected and transcended to reach where Okonkwo, in Things Fall Apart, fails. The unrootedness of being black would then polish the new surface to which the entire black race globally can behold and do something not done before.
PubDate: 2024-09-01
DOI: 10.1007/s42087-022-00282-x
- “Trying as Hard as I Can”– Narratives of Failure and Success in the
Experience of Housing Insecurity-
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Abstract: Abstract The housing crisis represents a liminal experience: a loss of the taken-for-granted and the suspension of ontological security has put individuals in a situation of potentiality in which both conceptions of home and of personal identity are open to transformation. Empirically assessing this liminal transition allows us to understand the refiguration processes of both home and subjectivities. This has both conceptual and political implications: with ongoing individualization of responsibility in virtually all spheres of social life, it is no longer possible to assume that the private sphere of home is an arena in which individuals are free and secured from societal forces, pressures, and compulsions. Instead, we might find ourselves in a transient liminal period in which the very meaning and psycho-social foundation of home are being transformed. To understand these processes is not only an epistemological but also a political endeavor, for only by understanding the psycho-social implications of the housing crisis can we acknowledge its embeddedness in and relation to processes of societal individualization, as well as the potential to open up pathways to the emergence of a liminal communitas.
PubDate: 2024-09-01
DOI: 10.1007/s42087-021-00268-1
- The Adaptive Proculturation Process of Being a Psychotherapist as a Kazakh
Asylum Seeker in Sweden-
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Abstract: Abstract The term acculturation is important for describing and analyzing how for example migrants gradually become accustomed to a new host society. The term proculturation is similar but emphasizes the real-life experiences of migrants, as well as the fusion between familiar and unfamiliar ideas, things, and experiences. However, so far there is a dearth of studies which have aimed to explore such a construct empirically. The current article used a limited but meaningful example, the lived experiences of a Kazakh migrant in Sweden whose occupation is being a psychotherapist. The aim was to understand the cultural identity of this individual as regards processes of migration from A (Kazakhstan) to B (Sweden), as well as related proculturation processes. Moreover, the focus was also on the specific and precarious work conditions for a person who does not have the possibility to work officially as a psychotherapist during an extensive residence permit application process. Information derived from a semi-structured interview indicates that basic cultural identity markers (woman, Kazakh, Russian-speaking, Muslim) remained constant after residing in Sweden for more than 5 years but that some elements of the more secular-liberal Swedish culture (e.g., the Swedish language, increased alcohol consumption) were appropriated. The person used social media apps like WhatsApp as a technological tool to practice the profession as a psychotherapist in a transnational setting, which constitutes a different strategy than how Swedish as well as Kazakh psychotherapists generally perform this profession.
PubDate: 2024-09-01
DOI: 10.1007/s42087-022-00294-7
- The Paradox of Free Will: Scrutinizing (Pseudo) Individualization Through
Indian Television Commercials-
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Abstract: Abstract In the present neo-capitalist society where an individual’s social identity is largely defined by her/his nature of consumption, television commercials have emerged as major constituents of identity formation. Complemented by its visual dimension, commercials simulate a recognizable matrix where an individual is able to locate herself/himself and is made to believe that s/he is in control of her/his own consumption practices. This in effect creates what Adorno would call “pseudo-individualization” where consumers are endowed with the “halo of free-choice” which in effect is “standardized” and mass-produced. Thus, commercials shape and even produce an individual’s identity which subscribes to the interest of capitalism while maintaining a garb of uniqueness and individuality. However, as critics often argue, as we head towards a post-industrial society from an industrial one, conventional social identities are bound to decline, thereby making it difficult for a single image to contain the constituent heterogeneities. This is largely evident in case of a country like India that in its post economic liberalization phase witnessed decentralization of community identities and the rise of cosmopolitanism, making it difficult for advertisers to negotiate this change in deep-rooted edifices of social and individual identities. They attempted simulating what Baudrillard would say “consumer totality,” by constructing and circulating a monolithic social identity that would accommodate the diverse socio-cultural, ethnic, and linguistic identities in a grand narrative. However, it was gradually subsumed and appropriated into a broader discourse of capitalism as the consumers’ demands were changing as rapidly as their identities. Besides the problem of representing individuals in the multicultural milieu of India under large, homogenous units or categorizing them as communities whose members share similar ideologies or lifestyles, the protean nature of the ideological, social, and economic landscape of the nation has made the process of brand building even more challenging and complex over the years. In this context, advertisers have also realized the need of moving away from traditional and mono-dimensional portrayal of individuals grounded in a mosaic socio-cultural context by re-inventing their strategies of representation. Instead of blurring the boundaries between self and social identities, the commercials were attempted to be refashioned to acknowledge the distinctness of individual identities. However, the process of (re) imagining individual identities entangles itself in a nuanced, curious, and multi-layered dynamics with the process of being and becoming an individual, whereby individual identities are inevitably mediated by social agencies and expectations. The advertisers, in the process of debunking the pre-established models of collective identity, created new models that the consumers would desire to identify themselves with, models that were hackneyed projections of individual aspirations, but most significantly, ones that could cater to “many” and thus could be mass-produced. This paradox of attempting the creation of a consumer-base feeding off set behavioral patterns (which is indispensable for mass-production) despite acknowledging the dynamic and multifarious framework of individualistic culture is the domain of exploration in this paper. Through scrutinizing select contemporary television commercials in India, this article attempts to investigate the process of formation of individual identities in neo-capitalist context through scrupulously crafted and socio-commercially propagated visual metaphors.
PubDate: 2024-09-01
DOI: 10.1007/s42087-022-00273-y
- Essay on Conversation and Inquiry: A Skeptical Approach
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Abstract: Abstract In this essay, I present a new approach to the topic of conversation. In general, conversation is understood as an exchange of words in ordinary life, when one person communicates their mental states, impressions and opinions to another. Here I discuss conversation as a form of inquiry, as a means of searching for epistemic goods. To do this, I approach the topic of conversation in the light of the philosophical tradition, specifically ancient and contemporary skepticism. My argument is that the lesson we draw from skepticism (neopyrrhonism) is that the results of conversation as inquiry are: intellectual autonomy and freedom, a more demanding attitude towards certain claims, epistemic tolerance and the ability to keep an open mind and change one’s mind.
PubDate: 2024-08-07
DOI: 10.1007/s42087-024-00431-4
- Resistance and Transformative Possibilities: New York City Youth’s
Photo-Narrative Exploration of Belonging and Othering-
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Abstract: Abstract Understanding the minds and lives of urban youth requires that we determine where they are located in place and how experiences in place affect their perceptions of themselves and their role within larger social structures. This paper presents a participatory action research (PAR) project that attempted to capture and disambiguate complex relationships between sense of belonging, identification with one’s communities, and sense-making about social disparities. In bi-weekly, two-hour workshops spanning an entire academic year, seven Bronx Community College (BCC) students received training in, and engaged with, PAR methodology, photography, and visual analysis ahead of the research team’s photography exhibition, which took place on the BCC campus. Over the course of the project, we saw many examples of how youth from underprivileged backgrounds contest material and symbolic exclusion. First, the young people’s narrating often challenged dominant narratives about their communities (“people think community college is easy”; “people think our communities are hell”). Consequently, as the young people challenged dominant narratives, they began to reclaim and redefine spaces on their own terms through evolving themes of interconnectedness. Over time, we witnessed a shift in the participant-researcher’s storytelling about their communities from reactive storytelling, or implicitly responding to domineering stereotypical portrayals, to asserting greater freedom in making sense about places and communities through proactive storytelling. To foster belonging and promote more hopeful imagining of future selves in a changing world, we call for place-based interventions that meaningfully engage young people with their neighborhoods.
PubDate: 2024-08-05
DOI: 10.1007/s42087-024-00428-z
- On the Revival of Neurocognitive Modeling: Testing Old Ideas with New
Techniques-
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Abstract: Abstract This article describes how synergy between cognitive psychology, computer science, and artificial intelligence led to a revival of 19th-century neurocognitive modeling in the form of 20th-century neurocognitive computational modeling. Scientific evidence about the mind and its relationship to the brain began to accumulate about two centuries ago. Neurocognitive modeling based on this evidence rose to prominence in the last quarter of the 19th century, with prominent examples being the models of Wernicke and Wundt, presented as diagrams. This work lost its influence after the First World War, but came back to life after the Second. In the 1950s, researchers began developing cognitive models, which became neurocognitive in the 1960s. Moreover, with the rise of computer science and artificial intelligence, modeling became computational. Today’s neurocognitive models, realized as diagrams or computer programs, revive the early modeling of Wernicke and Wundt in several respects. While predictions were derived and tested qualitatively from the early models, today they can be derived mathematically in computer simulations and statistically evaluated for quantitative agreement with data sets. I describe how recently 20th-century techniques have been used to test 19th-century ideas about attentional control (Wundt), choice in go/no-go tasks (Donders vs. Wundt), the role of the arcuate fasciculus in speech repetition (Wernicke), and focal behavioral symptoms in neurodegeneration (Wernicke vs. Pick).
PubDate: 2024-08-01
DOI: 10.1007/s42087-024-00430-5
- The Role of Affectivity in Pre-Reflective Experience. The Contributions of
Neuroscientific, Psychoanalytical and Developmental Perspectives-
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Abstract: Abstract The article investigates the role of affectivity in the construction of the pre-reflective experience, that is, the mode of experience that directs and guides the organism in a rapid and immediate adaptation to the environment. According to a multidisciplinary approach that brings together affective neuroscience, psychology, and psychoanalysis, emotions and affects are considered as matrices of thought, mental development, agency and generation of cognitive and psychobiological regulation models. The connection between emotions, psychobiological regulation and learning is investigated focusing on the enhancement of the unconscious nature of these processes and their relational matrix, consistently with the theories of Bion and Bowlby. In order to re-evaluate the fundamental link between affectivity and corporeity, we introduce the PNEI perspective on an integration of the new biology (anti-reductionist and inspired by the epigenetic research) with the psychological disciplines and the humanities. According with a network model, it is also discussed the Schore’s proposal of a possible welding between the second generation attachment theory and affect regulation theory, on the basis of some recent and complex models of mind-body integration.
PubDate: 2024-08-01
DOI: 10.1007/s42087-024-00429-y
- Migration, Mobility and the Formation of In-Migrants’ Leadership among
Dagombas in Ghana’s Capital City-
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Abstract: Abstract This study focuses on the interplay between migration, mobility, and the emergence of traditional leadership among in-migrants within the capital city of Ghana. The issues of migration to the city have gained a lot of scholarly attention, but less on how migrants establish leadership among themselves in such a strange community. This study delves into the Ghanaian context to understand how chieftaincy titles are socially constructed, thereby shaping the emergence of leadership among individuals who have migrated within the country, particularly from northern to southern Ghana. The study employs a qualitative research design, where participants were purposively selected and interviewed through in-depth interviews, alongside participant observation, yet data was analysed through thematic network analysis. Findings revealed that in-migrant leaders within the capital city are often given chieftaincy titles and referred to as “chiefs” by their respective subjects with their accompanying symbols of authority. However, the modes of recruitment of these “chiefs” alongside their symbols of authority are all but socially constructed. These titles are pervasive across many communities in the national capital, Accra. The study concludes that despite the rapid transformation of modern Ghanaian cities, traditional systems of leadership have continued to enjoy the support of the people and persist through the newer forms of governance across various regimes. The study, therefore, undermines the prediction by the modernization theory that traditional forms of authority will wither over time amidst State transformation.
PubDate: 2024-07-24
DOI: 10.1007/s42087-024-00425-2
- Beyond Psychology: An Arts-Based Visual Inquiry
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Abstract: Abstract Practicing psychologists are typically positioned as expert practitioners, disembodied from their own psyche and the spiritual realm, engaged in assessment, formulation and intervention with their focus on the other. This paper serves as a psychologists’ arts-based visual inquiry, engaging in a dialogical research with his own psyche. In particular it serves as an inquiry about religion and restoration. The questions that I asked were. (1) How might we find hope in an apocalypse' (2) Can religion be possible without God' (3) How might art serve a form of restoration without psychology'
PubDate: 2024-07-18
DOI: 10.1007/s42087-024-00426-1
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Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
