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Abstract: The field of neuropsychology is facing two crises: limitations in assessing instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) due to measures with poor ecological validity, and limitations in assessing culturally diverse (CD) individuals due to culturally biased measures. Novel technological solutions such as ecological momentary assessment (EMA), virtual reality (VR), and smart home technology (SHT), have been proposed and preliminarily applied to address limitations in IADL assessment as they increase ecological validity. These novel technologies also offer potential solutions to limitations in assessing CD individuals by reducing the cultural bias inherent in traditional neuropsychological assessments (e.g., minimizing language differences, avoiding Western testing procedures, and reducing the need for normative data). The present article provides a comprehensive overview of existing literature examining: (a) how each of the three novel technologies addresses limitations in IADL assessment and the evidence-base for such applications, (b) how each novel technology could potentially address limitations in the assessment of CD individuals, and (c) the evidence-base for the application of novel technologies in the assessment of IADLs among CD individuals. Conclusions and future directions are then provided. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Mon, 03 Apr 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1037/pri0000206
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Abstract: Research shows that religiosity (i.e., identification with and involvement in organized religion) and religious scrupulosity, a type of obsessive–compulsive disorder-like preoccupation with sin and God's wrath, are often misconstrued for one another. As such, the available literature demonstrating a link between religiosity and mental health impairment is likely confounded by the overlap between religiosity and religious scrupulosity. Although this overlap has been examined in other cultural groups, there is no empirical research on this relation within the Latinx community, which continues to grow within the United States. We hypothesized the relation between religiosity and mental health impairment would be fully mediated by religious scrupulosity in the Latinx community. A total of 636 consenting participants (Mage = 21.07, SD = 3.12; 68.55% female), all of whom self-identified as Latinx, completed The Religious Commitment Inventory (i.e., religiosity), Penn Inventory of Scrupulosity-Revised (i.e., religious scrupulosity), and Yale-Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale (i.e., clinically significant impairment). Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analyses with age, gender, and religion serving as covariates. Results supported hypotheses, such that religious scrupulosity explained the significant relation between religiosity and impairment, which disappeared when religious scrupulosity was included as an independent variable in analyses. Results suggest the importance of understanding the distinction between religiosity and religious scrupulosity in the Latinx community, so clinicians do not over-pathologize normal cultural ideals or miss evidence of psychopathology warranting clinical attention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Mon, 03 Apr 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1037/pri0000208
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Abstract: Structural barriers interfere with treatment-seeking individuals’ access to psychological services. Behavioral health technology companies have introduced promising solutions to increase access to care. However, there is little research on the impact of these systems on access to care. The present study examined the relationship between several access-to-care predictors and early client dropout in a large naturalistic psychotherapy client sample (N = 58,162) produced by a technology-based platform offering clinician–client matching services. Early client dropout rates were benchmarked against meta-analytic estimates. Additionally, the relationship between several access-to-care predictors (e.g., availability, cost) and early client dropout was examined. The average dropout rate (27.8%) was consistent with synthesized estimates. Shorter wait times (< 10 days) led to significantly lower early dropout rates than longer wait times (≥ 30 days). Moreover, higher out-of-pocket first session fees paid by clients were associated with higher early dropout rates, though the inverse relationship was found for all subsequent sessions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Thu, 12 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1037/pri0000200
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Abstract: It is important for psychologists to engage cultural differences in an effective manner. Thus, it is critical to examine personal characteristics that might help psychologists develop cultural competence. The current article reviewed empirical studies that examined the relationship between differentiation of self and cultural competence. Differentiation of self refers to the ability to self-define (i.e., identify and articulate one’s beliefs, values, and goals) while remaining emotionally connected to others who may be different. Interpersonally, individuals with high differentiation of self are able to balance autonomy and connectedness. Eight empirical studies were reviewed; most studies reported a positive relationship between differentiation of self and cultural competence. Effect sizes ranged from small to medium. Potential moderators included (a) different components of differentiation of self, (b) different ways that cultural competence is assessed, and (c) demographic characteristics of participants. We conclude by discussing limitations, areas for future research, and implications for clinical practice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Mon, 28 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1037/pri0000196
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Abstract: Psychologists in independent practice (PIs) have never been fully independent. Practice occurs in the context of multiple systems, and interdependence is a fact of successful practice life. Often understood in terms of local practice contexts such as patients/client groups and referrers, other systems in which PIs are embedded are relatively hidden. Some are potentially more malleable, some are relatively fixed, and some will disrupt “practice as we know it.” Unseen contexts affect current practice and must be taken into account for future practice development and health. This article identifies some of the more influential, potentially less obvious but unavoidable contexts, provides a glimpse into how these came to be, attempts to illuminate current and likely future disruptions, and offers suggestions for proaction. Systems and contexts addressed include how prices for psychological services are established both for and by PIs, the health care insurance industrial complex, and legal guardrails that support health care delivery and appear to limit PIs’ freedom of group action. Recommendations are offered for thriving in the context of disruptions to service delivery, practice, and payment structures. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Mon, 29 Aug 2022 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1037/pri0000183
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