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Abstract: A model of social behavioral development is presented that integrates attachment behavior development with verbal behavior development. The attachment patterns constitute a response class that reflects schedules of reinforcement for security-seeking behavior. Continuous, variable, and extinction schedules give rise to, respectively, secure, insecure–anxious, and insecure–avoidant attachment behavior patterns. These patterns emerge in early childhood and impact social tendencies and preferences (e.g., incentive salience for caretakers, social trust). A prerequisite for their emergence is responsiveness to the behavior of others for purposes of fear relief (negative reinforcement). Similarly, verbal behavior development is concerned with utilizing others for self-enrichment and relief from deprivation. The nexus of verbal behavior development and attachment behavior development, then, is self-enrichment within a network (community) of ones choosing. The network of ones choosing reflects contingencies for security-seeking behavior (attachment) and enrichment within that community reflects the evolution of verbal behavior capabilities. Both of these developmental phenomena entail the emergence of other persons as learned, social reinforcers. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Mon, 17 Oct 2022 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1037/bdb0000111
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Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the use of a demand assessment and modified functional analysis for identifying effective abolishing operations for escape-maintained challenging behavior. The study consisted of (a) a demand assessment to identify high-aversive, low-accuracy demands (i.e., demands associated with short latencies to challenging behavior and lower percentages of correct responding); (b) a modified functional analysis to assess the effect of immediate help for completing high-aversive, low-accuracy demands; and (c) a matched treatment evaluation. For two participants, we observed fewer instances of challenging behavior in the high-aversive, low-accuracy demand condition with immediate help. For one participant, we observed similar instances of challenging behavior across the two conditions. The results of this study provide evidence supporting the use of an assessment for identifying possible abolishing operations for escape-maintained challenging behavior to inform the treatment evaluation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Mon, 17 Oct 2022 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1037/bdb0000113
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Abstract: The current article investigated the effects of direct and observational learning of auditory matching protocol on two twin boys’ articulation. During the intervention, Max received direct instruction on matching auditory stimuli using the Sounds the Same app, while his twin Ryan learned through observing his brother’s responses and the consequences he received. A multiple probe design was used for each participant. The results show that both boys’ articulation improved after the auditory matching protocol. The data provided evidence that both direct and indirect instructions of the auditory matching protocol were effective. The role of vicarious learning and optimizing intervention efficiency during observational learning were discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Mon, 17 Oct 2022 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1037/bdb0000112
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Abstract: We examined the effects of noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) with functional communication training (FCT) to decrease the tangibly maintained problem behavior (PB) of a 4-year-old boy with autism spectrum disorder, replicating and extending Goh et al. (2000). We implemented FCT with extinction to strengthen a functional communication response (FCR), but the removal of the preferred item evoked problem behavior at levels that interfered with teaching an FCR. We then implemented a variety of NCR variations along with FCT. Problem behavior remained low, whereas a return-to-baseline probe suggests that the participant acquired the FCR despite having access to the functional reinforcer during FCT sessions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Thu, 25 Aug 2022 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1037/bdb0000109
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Abstract: Behavioral treatments are an effective means for reducing or eliminating problem behavior. However, these treatments may lose their effectiveness when implemented over extended periods of time due to challenges that arise during community care. When challenged, relapse of problem behavior can occur in several forms (e.g., resurgence, renewal). There is a preponderance of basic, translational, and applied research explicating factors that contribute to and tactics for mitigating resurgence and renewal. However, much less is known about a third form of relapse likely to be encountered in clinical practice: reinstatement. Reinstatement is the recurrence of a previously reinforced but currently eliminated response resulting from the independent or dependent presentation of the response’s reinforcer. Thus, we conducted a proof-of-concept demonstration of a novel procedure rooted in behavioral economics to mitigate reinstatement using a translational treatment model. In short, we increased the unit price of a reinforcer for a target response by exposing that response to a geometric progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement and paired that increase of unit price with a distinct stimulus. Results indicated that the novel procedure mitigated reinstatement. Areas for future research and preliminary implications for clinical practice are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Thu, 03 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1037/bdb0000108
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Abstract: During the treatment of destructive behavior, clinicians may encounter situations in which reinforcement-based procedures alone (e.g., functional communication training; FCT) may be insufficient at reducing destructive behavior to clinically significant levels and/or the severity of destructive behavior necessitates immediate intervention. In these situations, consideration of punishment may be warranted. In the current evaluation, we sought to evaluate: (a) whether caregivers can implement stimulus avoidance assessment procedures with fidelity, (b) the degree of correspondence between results of caregiver-implemented and therapist-implemented stimulus avoidance assessments, and (c) change in caregiver social acceptability ratings from pre to postimplementation. We then incorporated empirically-derived response reduction procedures into the FCT treatment package with caregivers. Results indicated that caregivers implemented the stimulus avoidance assessment with high fidelity, experienced a shift in rating of social acceptability postimplementation, and caregiver-implementation of FCT with response reduction procedures resulted in clinically significant reductions in destructive behavior. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Thu, 30 Dec 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1037/bdb0000107
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