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- Letter from the President
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Abstract: David Gutmann
PubDate: Sun, 15 Feb 2014 8:00:00 GMT
- Carta del Presidente
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Abstract: David Gutmann
PubDate: Sun, 15 Feb 2014 8:00:00 GMT
- Editorial Introduction
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Abstract: Lars Tauvon, Ray Haddock, Teresa von Sommaruga Howard
PubDate: Sun, 15 Feb 2014 8:00:00 GMT
- Editorial Introductorio
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Abstract: Lars Tauvon, Ray Haddock, Teresa von Sommaruga Howard
PubDate: Sun, 15 Feb 2014 8:00:00 GMT
- When the Outside World Changes: A Group’s Attempts to Emerge from
Apartheid-
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Abstract: M. Fakhry Davids
This was a plenary presentation at the 18th International Congress of IAGP ‘Between Worlds and Cultures: Social Transformation’ Cartagena de Indias, Colombia in 2012. The demise of the apartheid system in South Africa brought about a change in the external world so profound that all who lived through it sensed its unique, oncein- a-lifetime quality. Yet, alongside the palpable and widespread relief that a hated system had finally passed, there was also considerable anxiety as to possible threats that racism internalised into the mind during the apartheid years, working especially at an unconscious level, might pose for the future. This was not easy to address - it was often said that in the new South Africa one could not find anyone who had ever supported apartheid, which made it difficult to have a proper dialogue, at the personal level, about how that system had become so central to white thinking. It also led to concerns about what was being denied. This paper describes work in a small group setting that tried to investigate that anxiety. Early on, mention of an incident involving hidden racist dynamics led to a deadening paralysis. Paralysis of such intensity usually gives expression to psychotic anxiety but is also characteristic, I have found, of the deployment of internal racist defences. These comprise an organised us-them defensive system, constituted around a split between self and ‘racial’ other, which is a universal feature of the mind that can be mobilised to deal with anxiety - in the group’s case, underlying anxiety about change itself. It was not this anxiety that paralysed the group. Instead, it stemmed from an unconscious belief that the racialised defence was necessary for protection, which generates unbearable guilt and a fear of retribution. The intensity of these emotions and the paralysis they engendered stem from the racialised defence being located at a primitive level of functioning in the mind. Despite the intensity, the theoretical understanding that it occurs within a normal rather than psychotic mind made it possible to address the paralysis in a direct and ordinary way. This approach provided an opportunity to engage directly the defensive system in which the racist object relationship is located. Splitting became the group’s dominant defence, recreating an apartheid mindset in the here-and-now but the facilitator’s capacity to contain, by verbalising accurately what was being projected, enabled the group to work with the projections. I bring forward moving material that shows unconscious recognition of the fact that the group had traversed this apartheid terrain in its own short history, as well as its pain at losing such a containing space, seen as precious in a changing world that generates considerable anxiety and in which the regressive pull to a racialised defence is ever-present. Would its members, as individuals, be able to take forward into the world the learning from the group, or would they succumb to the unconscious pull of the radicalised defence'
PubDate: Sun, 15 Feb 2014 8:00:00 GMT
- Migrant Minors in Temporary Absence of Supportive Adults
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Abstract: Amina Bargach
This article begins by setting a frame for understanding the violent effect that the temporary absence of adult support in a host country can have on young a person’s mental health. This is based on the author’s understanding of the Moroccan social background. In the body of the article it includes a complex discussion based on suggesting that the following components are required: 1) Families need to acquire complex tools to exercise their economic, social and cultural rights and to finally ensure their inclusion in the community, 2) A new form of fatherhood that goes beyond the traditional boundaries between maternal - paternal competences and skills, 3) Children’s needs and rights 4) What happens in disadvantaged families. This discussion suggests that these four basic pillars are necessary to ensure support for migrant minors both for their initial trauma and for their forced exile trauma. Finally I am initially proposing a re-conceptualisation of human beings and their difficulties so that their social, historical and economic context are taken into account, and our therapeutic interventions are rebuilt by reconciling various theories to make them more effective
PubDate: Sun, 15 Feb 2014 8:00:00 GMT
- Fryshuset - A Force of Passion
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Abstract: Katja Wahlstrom
This article describes a remarkable and successful Stockholm-based social project, which emanated from one person´s dedication and strong belief in the power of human connection. He also believed in the importance of shared activities and the commitment of the adult generation to act as role models and fellow human beings for young people. The project started in 1984, supported by YMCA, under modest conditions in an old cold storage warehouse on the outskirts of Stockholm. It has now expanded to contain a multiplicity of activities all aimed to support and empower young people in difficult circumstances and opened branches in other cities and developed international connections. There has always been an emphasis on youth activities such as sport, rock bands and skate boarding but always in the context of human connection and fellowship. Many specific groups have formed for particular groups such as refugees or young women or they have been formed to prevent street violence or to support people who have left extreme movements such as neo-Nazism and criminal gangs. The project a journied through some difficult phases but it has, in a unique way, used the so-often overlooked positive power of groups to give young people opportunities for change
PubDate: Sun, 15 Feb 2014 8:00:00 GMT
- Catchers in the Rye: Field Observations on the History and Present Status
of Psychodrama in Russia-
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Abstract: Ekaterina Mikhailova
This article describes the formative decades of psychodrama in Russia connecting the processes ‘there and then’ with broader contexts of the nineties and later years. There is also a brief analysis of the present developments with an emphasis on difficulties and benefits of the specific background. Reflections upon the history of Russian psychodrama elucidate certain common traits of training and/or experiential groups belonging to cultures with a long history of unresolved trauma
PubDate: Sun, 15 Feb 2014 8:00:00 GMT
- Struggling with the Fourth Disaster in East Japan
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Abstract: Hidefumi Kotani
Co authors of the article: Tomoaki Adachi, Masahiro Nishikawa, Yuki Nakamura, Kayoko, Hige, Kazunori Hashimoto, Kazuki Nishiura, Maya Hashimoto, Toshinori Hanani, Yoshiya Ishikawa, Haruna Sasaki, Kai Ogimoto
The triple disasters of earthquake, tsunami and nuclear plant accidents that occurred in East Japan in March 2011 brought victims many complicated and unseen problems to resolve. Victims were very supportive of one another and appeared to calm down astonishingly quickly within a few months after these events. As a result of such an apparently smooth and rapid return to relative tranquillity, governmental concern did not turn to the problem of mental health impairment. No systematic action for prevention and treatment of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder has been undertaken. On the other hand, event-related deaths, illnesses, traffic accidents, and various destructive problems seem to be occurring with increasing frequency in communities located in the stricken area. Victims do not take advantage of what mental health support is available, preferring to maintain their silence regarding their disaster experiences even when mental health care teams visit them directly. Mental health services for victims of the triple disasters have now become quite hopeless and helpless since traditional psychiatric treatment approaches have not worked well. A practical study aimed at opening a gateway to clinical treatment for victims of the triple disaster is introduced in this paper. This sense of helplessness is conceptualized and analysed as a fourth disaster involving hidden social and cultural dynamics. New pre-therapy and support group therapy systems combined with community building approaches to encourage victims to seek necessary treatment are reported.
PubDate: Sun, 15 Feb 2014 8:00:00 GMT
- The Nuclear Accident of Fukushima (March 2011): A Revealed Work Area for
Group Psychotherapy and Group Processes-
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Abstract: David Gutmann, Jean François Millat
Japanese group psychotherapists have already contributed a lot to support people in the painful work of overcoming the tremendous triple trauma created by the earthquake, the tsunami and the nuclear accident of March 2011. They have provided opportunities for people to combine individual recovery and collective mobilisation. We pay homage to the work they have done and are still doing. We would like to consider other contributions that group therapists and group processors could bring to this work by focusing specifically on the origin and consequences of the nuclear accident at the power plant of Fukushima Daiishi. The first thing we notice is that ten months later, the chain of events that followed the earthquake and tsunami of March 11, 2011 can be described with relative accuracy. This description brings a more or less satisfactory answer to the question of ‘How'’ but it is different for the question of ‘Why'’ The answers are puzzling, knowing that this accident occurred in a country with a justified reputation for mastering the most sophisticated technologies and insuring the best products through quality guarantees in industrial processes. Some people claim that the pressure of investors for minimising costs and obtaining as fast and high profitability as possible had led the nuclear operator to take extreme and senseless risks. We do not follow this explanation. It is not in accordance with the usual behaviour of Japanese investors. It is also not coherent with the explicit Japanese policy that nuclear industry should become one of the new exporting industries, beside electronics and cars. These statements led us to deepen the study of the accident and its context beyond the technical and economical rationalities, without of course denying them.
PubDate: Sun, 15 Feb 2014 8:00:00 GMT
- Sociodrama within a Social Drama in Egypt
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Abstract: Ros Gregorio Armananzas
In this article I summarize my experience of conducting a workshop in Egypt in a very sensitive moment of political turmoil. This experience invited me to reflect about the degree to which collective ego, social identity and the external social momentum predominates over the more personal ego and the intragroup culture that usually develops in a workshop. It invited me also to reflect on the limited possibilities to understand the deep meaning of what is happening in a group with a different culture to that of ours as coordinators.
PubDate: Sun, 15 Feb 2014 8:00:00 GMT
- Group Work with Refugees Using Psychodrama: Rebuilding Hope, Facilitating
Recovery-
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Abstract: Danielle Forer
This article draws together my three big interests: my work with refugees and asylum seekers, my belief in groups and the efficacy of the Psychodramatic method. I describe a number of group sessions that illustrate how Psychodrama can be used with refugee communities and consider some of the cultural dimensions that are important to consider for a successful group experience. The approach to this work is also based on the Trauma and Recovery Framework that has been developed by the Victorian Foundation for Survivors of Torture in Australia, also known as Foundation House.
PubDate: Sun, 15 Feb 2014 8:00:00 GMT
- Trigant Burrow’s Research on Individual and Social Conflict
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Abstract: Pertegato Edi Gatti
This article is a synthesis of Edi’s presentation at the IAGP Rome Congress in 2009. It explores Burrow’s concept of the individual ‘both single and collective’, which Burrow used in contrast to a theory based on the study of conflict and divisiveness. From the early 1910s to the late 1920s his psychoanalytic and group analytic writings demonstrated a preoccupation with Freud’s formulation. Later his interest in seeking to understand and resolve conflict urged him to involve himself in a systematic exchange of views with several outstanding students from different scientific backgrounds. For Burrow the concepts of ‘social image’, ‘the social unconscious’ and ‘social neurosis’ were key to studying and overcoming the dissociation that he associated with psychopathology and conflict, which are still rampant realities at individual, interpersonal, group and institutional levels as well as in society at large, wars included. For Burrow, in contrast to Freud, the tendency to achieve cooperation is innate and occurs despite conflict and division. He saw both the restoration of the ‘individual as a totality’ and the ‘natural inter-functioning’ between human beings as the primary objectives of group analysis.
PubDate: Sun, 15 Feb 2014 8:00:00 GMT
- Sibling Transference and Family Transference in Groups and Organizations
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Abstract: Einar Gudmundsson
Transference has a long therapeutic tradition. It is especially helpful for understanding forces at play in the patient-therapist relationship. Although less common, ‘Sibling Transference’ has also been used to understand the same relationship while ‘Family Transference’ has been used mostly by Family Therapists to describe transference occurring between spouses during family therapy. This paper describes four main categories of Transference in groups and organizations: Transference in the classical sense, to describe a Parental/Authority type of transference, ‘Sibling Transference’ for transferences that occur between group members and/or colleagues in organizations, ‘Family Transference’ to describe a ‘Whole Family Transference’ occurring in groups and/or organizations, and ‘Peer Transference’ for non-sibling peer transference. The distinction between these different types of transference is explained and their clinical importance highlighted through vignettes.
PubDate: Sun, 15 Feb 2014 8:00:00 GMT
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