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Abstract: Studies on self-focused emotion-regulation strategies such as self-rumination and self-reflection report both positive and negative effects. It however remains unclear how self-reflection and self-rumination are interdependent, and when they affect well-being. In this study, the mediation effect of self-rumination on the relationships between self-efficacy, self-reflection, and life satisfaction was investigated together with social support as a moderator in this regard. A representative sample of Dutch employees (N = 489) completed a questionnaire package. We used hierarchical multiple regression analysis to test for moderated mediation. Our findings indicate that self-rumination acts as a mediator between self-reflection and life satisfaction. When social support was taken into account as a moderator, the indirect effects of self-efficacy and self-reflection were stronger and significant in the high social support condition. More knowledge about the factors that induce, influence, and perpetuate self-rumination could lead to timely intervention and effective assistance to enhance psychological well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Thu, 11 May 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1037/cns0000298
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Abstract: Resilient individuals are found to be able to cope with the challenges of life. They experience self-control and find the strength to adapt. Mindfulness is found to be associated with resilience. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the association between mindfulness and resilience was moderated by orientations of self-focus and well-being. The sample consisted of 381 Dutch and Flemish employees working in health care, education, and governmental organizations. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to test the hypotheses. More mindfulness was associated with more resilience. Furthermore, our findings indicated that rumination and well-being moderated the association between mindfulness and resilience (β = 0.13, p < .01 and β = −.125, p < .05). Contrary, reflection did not moderate the association between mindfulness and resilience (β = 0.06, p = .21). The results indicated that the association between mindfulness and resilience was strongest among highly ruminating and low well-being individuals. These findings suggest that especially high ruminators and individuals with low well-being might benefit from mindfulness. Therefore, they need to be encouraged to engage in mindfulness-based activities, as they are expected to build resiliency from these activities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Thu, 11 May 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1037/cns0000338
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Abstract: The study of mindfulness proceeds from a number of perspectives. Two of the best-known academic conceptualizations of mindfulness are those identified with Kabat-Zinn and Langer. These conceptions, meditative and sociocognitive, have been built from different foundations and have been argued to be quite distinct. However, it has been suggested that they may be related through a shared component of self-regulation of attention. To put this hypothesis to a test, a convenience sample of participants (n = 208) were asked to complete the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), Langer Mindfulness Scale (LMS), and the Self-Regulation Scale (SRS), a measure of the self-regulation of attention. These three dispositional measures were shown to be correlated, suggesting that reliance on the capacity to regulate attention in pursuit of a goal is shared by these two approaches to mindfulness. On further analysis, the correlation between FFMQ and the LMS was found to be higher for those participants with the highest SRS scores. The implications of this somewhat counter-intuitive finding are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Thu, 12 May 2022 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1037/cns0000310
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Abstract: Experimental research indicates that self-distancing helps vulnerable individuals to cope with negative experiences. However, whether these findings generalize outside the laboratory is unknown. Here, we report the results of a proof-of-principle study (N = 111) that assessed whether teaching people how to self-distance during a brief (i.e., ∼1 hr) computer-delivered, in-laboratory training session would facilitate adaptive coping in the short term and over time compared to a no treatment control and active control (relaxation) condition. Ten days following the intervention, vulnerable participants in the self-distancing group (but not the active control or no treatment control groups) displayed levels of rumination and negative affect that were on par with their less vulnerable counterparts. At 3 and 6 months after the training, vulnerable participants in both the self-distancing group and the active control group reported lower levels of depressive symptoms (but not rumination) compared to vulnerable participants in the no treatment control group. These findings provide preliminary evidence indicating that training vulnerable individuals to self-distance is beneficial. Future research is needed to replicate these findings with larger samples and to examine whether they generalize to clinical samples. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Mon, 28 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1037/cns0000323
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Abstract: Four experiments examined mock jurors’ perceptions of a child witness with and without a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a developmental disorder that can heighten vulnerability to the provision of sparser, more erroneous memory reports, and greater levels of suggestibility under coercive interviewing conditions (Krackow, 2018). This series of experiments varied combinations of the following other variables and examined whether these variables interacted with ASD: (a) mention of parental coaching as the origin of the child’s maltreatment allegation; (b) the strength of the evidence that the child witness’s accusations were coached (allegations of parental coaching vs. allegations of parental coaching + expert witness testimony that the child showed evidence of being coachable); (c) the accuracy of the child’s responses to basic autobiographical questions (consistently correct vs. made some errors); and (d) inclusion of expert witness testimony regarding how the diagnostic status of the child witness (a diagnosis of ASD versus typically developing) generally impacts eyewitness memory performance. Diagnostic status did not impact perceptions of child witness coachability. In some, but not all experiments, there was a significant effect of diagnostic status. Across experiments, the strongest effects were for the accuracy of the child’s responses to autobiographical questions. In Experiment 2, accusations of parental coaching were not taken seriously by jurors until expert witness testimony was included. In Experiment 4, expert witness testimony regarding children’s memory and suggestibility did not influence jurors’ perceptions. In addition, this article examined mechanisms by which factual autobiographical response accuracy influences juror decision making. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Mon, 13 Sep 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1037/cns0000301
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Abstract: Lucid dreams—dreams in which the dreamer is aware that they are dreaming—are generally positive and empowering experiences, for which a variety of benefits have been demonstrated, for example, alleviating nightmares and insomnia, improving motor skills, contributing to creativity and personal growth. Recently, however, certain concerns were raised about the possible risks of lucid dreaming on sleep and health. This study aimed to explore three potential domains of adverse effects—sleep quality, dissociation, and mental well-being—as well as to capture any self-observed negative consequences of lucid dreams within an online sample (N = 489) in which the majority of respondents (94%) were lucid dreamers. According to the results, lucid dream frequency was not associated with poorer sleep quality or with greater dissociation but was linked to greater mental well-being. Moreover, most of the lucid dreams were reported to be emotionally positive experiences and the majority of lucid dreamers did not ascribe any negative consequences to lucid dreaming. Thus, at least from the present findings, the experience of lucid dreaming does not seem to exert evident detrimental effects, although a small proportion of lucid dreams (about 10%) were negatively toned. However, to establish causal relationships future longitudinal studies are needed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Mon, 30 Aug 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1037/cns0000288
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