Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles) ISSN (Print) 0734-6875 - ISSN (Online) 2053-7387 Published by Oxford University Press[425 journals]
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Pages: e1 - e12 Abstract: AbstractThe purpose of this qualitative study was to explore music therapists’ beliefs, education, and uses of Hip Hop in clinical work through interviews with board-certified music therapists who incorporate elements of Hip Hop into their work. Specifically, the researcher sought to ascertain how music therapists use elements of Hip Hop culture in clinical practice, the training and education these music therapists received about Hip Hop culture, and the suggestions they have for professional and preprofessional music therapists who wish to incorporate elements of Hip Hop into their clinical work. Participants were board-certified music therapists who incorporate elements of Hip Hop into their work. These participants have either written scholarly, given presentations or contributed to the music therapy body of knowledge in this area through trainings such as continuing music therapy education courses or in-services. Participants completed semi-structured interviews that were recorded, transcribed, and coded. Four themes with eleven subthemes emerged. The themes included (a) motivations for incorporating Hip Hop (subthemes: responding to service users’ musical preference, and cultural responsiveness), (b) therapeutic goals in music therapy (subthemes: emotional processing, self-expression, and group support), (c) how participants learned about Hip Hop (subthemes: self-study, wisdom from service users, personal, and/or cultural connections), (d) recommendations from participants (subthemes: seek supervision, commit to reflexivity, and seek deeper knowledge). Implications gleaned from this study include the need for better university education in this area that centers cultural responsiveness and authenticity and issues of access in music therapy for service users, clinicians, and academics in the field. PubDate: Sat, 29 Apr 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/mtp/miac011 Issue No:Vol. 41, No. 1 (2023)
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Pages: e44 - e50 Abstract: AbstractSleep has an essential role in the health, wellbeing, and ability to learn of undergraduate college and university students (UCUS). Due to high credit loads, the music curriculum, and music therapy competencies, music therapy students may experience difficulties obtaining adequate sleep. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to understand factors that enable or inhibit sleep in undergraduate music therapy students. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 14 junior and senior level music therapy UCUS at public institutions in the United States. We used an inductive approach to thematic analysis to analyze data and incorporated member checking and trustworthiness to clarify and verify the results. We identified three themes (supported by seven subthemes) as factors that impacted the sleep of undergraduate music therapy students: (a) academic schedule and expected time commitment; (b) intrinsic motivation to become better student music therapists; and (c) wellness-based education and personal factors. The results of this study provide insight into the various factors that might adversely affect sleep in undergraduate music therapy students and have consequences on their health, wellbeing, and learning. Implications for students and educators, limitations of the study, and suggestions for future research are provided. PubDate: Tue, 14 Feb 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/mtp/miac031 Issue No:Vol. 41, No. 1 (2023)
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Pages: e53 - e54 Abstract: WaldonE. G. (2021). The music therapy assessment manual: A guide to data-based decision making.Silver Springs, MD: American Music Therapy Association. ISBN: 978-1-884914-37-9. $55.00 AMTA Member, $70.00 Non-member. PubDate: Tue, 14 Feb 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/mtp/miac028 Issue No:Vol. 41, No. 1 (2023)
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Pages: e21 - e29 Abstract: AbstractThe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted education, peer interactions, and social access for a large percentage of learners and created increased stress and workloads for parents, particularly in families of autistic children, who lost access to specialized services. Providing parents with resources to support their children at home became a necessity. This exploratory study investigated the feasibility of a parent coaching model of music interventions through virtual sessions in a low-resource country. Eight families participated in six 1-hr weekly sessions where the music therapist shared music interventions for young autistic children through videoconferencing. Results show that parent coaching in a virtual setting is feasible, useful, and acceptable for parents. All parents improved in their ability to modify the environment to address child’s needs, adequately respond to their child’s communication attempts, and provide opportunities for engagement and natural reinforcement. Parents found the coaching important, useful, and supportive. Initial recommendations for practice include providing guidelines for safe sessions; adapting to family needs, strengths, and culture; relaying information quickly and concisely; and ensuring that parents can access local services to continue their parenting journey. PubDate: Mon, 02 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/mtp/miac030 Issue No:Vol. 41, No. 1 (2023)
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Pages: 1 - 2 Abstract: The state of music therapy is at a crossroads. On one side, the number of credentialed professionals continues to grow (Certification Board of Music Therapy, n.d.); workforce demand is strong and available jobs are on a positive trajectory; public visibility is robust in press, media, and through partnerships such as Sound Health Network (n.d.); and the breadth of our work offers tremendous options in practice diversity and specialization. Meanwhile, the professional association and informal networks of music therapists and students in the United States are in flux, seeking deep change that is difficult to articulate and achieve. Finding a way forward that addresses institutional racism and oppression while managing resource constraints and multiple perspectives has been challenging for the American Music Therapy Association’s (AMTA) Board of Directors and members, especially during these recent years. My years as a music therapist and my identity as a queer woman have given me conflicting responses as to who we are as a profession: I have an unshakeable belief in the function and longevity of music therapy as a vital, powerful force in healthcare professions, our communities, and schools, yet I also hold frustration and a simmering anger at how oppressive the hierarchy of the association has been in its policies, processes, and communications. The struggle is real as our association, alongside many other professional societies, seeks to identify and drop oppressive practices, review and update policies and processes, and establish more effective communications—all while operating under tight financial restrictions. In the past few months, I have witnessed how diligently the board of director members have worked to bring the association to a point where it can re-build with intention. I am optimistic for AMTA, and so I write this editorial in a spirit of sharing information I hope you will find valuable, offering insights and information as to Music Therapy Perspectives (MTP) initiatives. The editorial team of MTP has continued in our work to bring innovative and forward-thinking works to music therapists. Our commitment to evidence-based, informed practice and to supporting the clinical work of music therapists has not been shaken. PubDate: Fri, 31 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/mtp/miad010 Issue No:Vol. 41, No. 1 (2023)
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Pages: 93 - 101 Abstract: AbstractWhen the Covid-19 pandemic began, music therapists moved quickly to adapt services across many clinical settings. Many music therapists shifted their service delivery model to telepractice. Music therapists also worked to adapt in-person services to integrate the emerging risk mitigation strategies required or recommended by various public health bodies and healthcare organizations. When public health circumstances are changing rapidly, how do music therapists make decisions regarding service delivery and risk mitigation, while balancing the requirements of public health directives and organization policies' Considering evidence-based practice and ethical thinking, we propose a risk mitigation decision-making model for providing clinical music therapy services during the Covid-19 pandemic. We consider the intersection of public health guidelines and orders, service delivery options (i.e. telepractice), and risk mitigation strategies for in-person services. Case studies follow, as well as discussion of how to use this model in future public health crises. PubDate: Fri, 28 Apr 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/mtp/miac015 Issue No:Vol. 41, No. 1 (2023)
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Pages: e55 - e56 Abstract: CaicedoP. (2021). We are what we listen to: The impact of music on individual and social health. Barcelona, ES: Mundo Arts Publications, 157 pages. Print €25.88. ISBN 9781733903547 PubDate: Wed, 31 Aug 2022 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/mtp/miac018 Issue No:Vol. 41, No. 1 (2022)
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Pages: e13 - e20 Abstract: AbstractChronic daily headache (CDH) is a challenging condition that significantly affects functionality and quality of life. We wish to examine how patients suffering from persistent CDH respond to sound, in order to explore Guided Imagery and Music (GIM) as an alternative psychotherapeutic approach to pain. This is a mixed-methods study combining a quasi-experimental design with a matched comparison group and a case-series design. Initially, nine patients suffering from CDH and nine chronic pain patients received an individual, structured GIM session. Six CDH patients proceeded to receive eight GIM therapy sessions within 4–6 months. Levels of pain, depression, stress, and psychopathology traits were assessed pre- and postintervention. Patients suffering from CDH perceived music differently and had different types and qualities of imagery, compared with the comparison group. CDH patients post-intervention showed notable clinical improvement in anxiety and depression levels, overall distress and psychopathology symptoms, and number and duration of crises and frequency of visits to the Pain Clinic, 6 months postintervention. GIM therapy as an adjacent form of treatment can have a positive impact on psychological comorbidity, number and duration of pain episodes, and patient dependency on the Pain Clinic staff. It is suggested by the findings that (a) music and sound may instigate different paths of neural activation in patients suffering from CDH and that (b) GIM can be a powerful therapeutic tool for personal growth and self-actualization. With this pilot study, we hope to inform future research on CDH and introduce GIM as a way of achieving neuromodulation. PubDate: Tue, 23 Aug 2022 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/mtp/miac025 Issue No:Vol. 41, No. 1 (2022)
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Pages: e30 - e43 Abstract: AbstractRefugees experience trauma and are more vulnerable than the general population to experiencing mental health conditions. Music may be used to support and enhance the lives of refugees. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize and describe the uses of music to address trauma for individuals who are refugees. The research questions included (a) What are the characteristics of studies using music to address trauma for people who are refugees' and (b) What are the outcomes of these studies, and how are these outcomes measured' The researchers gathered available literature from PsycInfo, ERIC, Sociological Abstracts, PubMed, Music Index, and Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). Databases were searched using “music” AND “refugee.” Search filters aimed to select articles that were peer-reviewed and published quantitative, qualitative, or mixed-methods studies. Of the 1,318 studies first identified, 11 met the criteria for inclusion. Studies included qualitative and quantitative approaches; the most common research design was case study. The majority of participants were adult refugees from a variety of countries, with approximately a third of the studies conducted in Australia. The majority of interventionists identified as music therapists. Treatment length varied from several days to 18 months, typically occurring once or twice weekly. Music interventions included a combination of methods, with receptive and recreative most common. Outcomes included improvements in behavioral and psychological functioning, with a variety of measurement tools used. Implications and recommendations for music therapy clinical practice are discussed. PubDate: Wed, 15 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/mtp/miac013 Issue No:Vol. 41, No. 1 (2022)
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Pages: 3 - 9 Abstract: AbstractThere is a growing need for support and treatment of individuals experiencing a mental health crisis, especially among the pediatric population. Pediatric patients in need of psychiatric stabilization have little access to supportive services during interim hospitalizations prior to psychiatric admission. The purpose of the evidence-based practice project was to assess if music therapy was an effective intervention to support pediatric behavioral/mental health (BMH) patients awaiting medical stabilization and psychiatric placement. Music therapy services were offered, consisting of interventions to promote positive coping and normalization and to decrease anxiety and behavioral outbursts in pediatric BMH patients. Pre- and post-behavioral states and characteristics of engagement demonstrated a beneficial change after the music therapy session(s) as evidenced by 88.5% of recorded patients reaching a positive behavioral state and 86.9% demonstrating a higher level of engagement. Music therapy was an effective intervention to support pediatric BMH patients awaiting medical stabilization and placement. The availability of music therapy services for BMH patients can produce positive effects for patients, families, and medical staff. PubDate: Wed, 23 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/mtp/miac010 Issue No:Vol. 41, No. 1 (2022)
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Pages: 10 - 18 Abstract: AbstractThis paper presents a new approach for music therapists in schools wishing to support the work of teachers. This music therapy approach is underpinned by theoretical resources drawn from community music therapy and a critical inclusive approach to education. Illustrative examples of the first authors’ music therapy practice as part of a teacher professional learning program, Music for Classroom Wellbeing, are offered. Two practice principles, “focus on the teacher” and “enable sharing,” are presented to provide a framework for music therapists striving to support teachers. Following these principles may allow teachers to grow their musicality, teaching, and self-care practices. This paper concludes with implications of reframing the focus of music therapy practice with teachers for other music therapists working in the current performance-driven schooling system. PubDate: Mon, 27 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/mtp/miac020 Issue No:Vol. 41, No. 1 (2022)
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Pages: 19 - 27 Abstract: AbstractThe prevalence of reading disabilities ranges from 5% to 12%, making it important to support reading programs. More specifically, children with reading disabilities show difficulties in beat synchronization that requires fine audio-motor synchrony. This synchrony, which demonstrates temporal processing skills, is linked to reading development. The purpose of the present study was to establish the feasibility of 2 music training programs for reading through practicing beat synchronization and to explore the preliminary efficacy of these programs for third graders identified as having reading challenges. Two participants attended the rhythmic music exercise group where they performed musical tasks set to a metronome beat. Two other participants attended the video game playing group where they played Donkey Konga. Each group attended a 30-minute session twice a week for 4 weeks. The Gray Oral Reading Test Fifth Edition (GORT-5) was used to assess reading ability. Selected subtests from the Comprehensive Test of Phonological Awareness Second Edition (CTOPP-2) were used to assess phonological processing. Feasibility data indicated that both programs were successfully implemented and well received by the participants. While preliminary-efficacy analysis demonstrated positive trends in the reading and phonological awareness tests for the rhythmic music exercise group and mixed results for the video game playing group, a large, controlled pilot study is needed to determine the effects of these training programs. Music therapists may potentially apply the proposed rhythmic music exercises to address reading-related goals. PubDate: Mon, 27 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/mtp/miac016 Issue No:Vol. 41, No. 1 (2022)
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Pages: 28 - 36 Abstract: AbstractFamily members caring for loved ones with Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, or dementia have described elevated levels of stress, anxiety, or depression. Studies have reported the effectiveness of support groups for caregivers in addressing these symptoms. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the impact of a music therapy support group on the perceived stress, anxiety, and depression of caregivers of loved ones with Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, or dementia. Four female adults (n = 62.50 years, SD = 14.15) participated in multiple music therapy support group sessions. Participants completed 3 visual analog scales rating perceived stress, anxiety, and depression at the beginning and end of each session. Results showed trends of stress, anxiety, and depression ratings decreasing from pre- to post-session in all but one session, in which pretest scores for depression were 0 and remained unchanged. Following the completion of the final music therapy support group, 2 participants engaged in a focus group which yielded 2 themes pertinent to the study purpose: receiving support from group members, and personal support strategies employed outside of the music therapy support group sessions. Focus group and pre- and post-session results support the potential benefit of a music therapy support group on acute feelings of stress, anxiety, and depression in long-term caregivers. Due to the low number of participants, these findings suggest that additional investigations are necessary to adequately establish the effectiveness of a music therapy support group for caregivers of loved ones with Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, or dementia. PubDate: Wed, 06 Jul 2022 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/mtp/miac019 Issue No:Vol. 41, No. 1 (2022)
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Pages: 37 - 46 Abstract: AbstractReminiscence therapy (RT) is often used in music therapy; however, it remains unclear how music can be integrated within this therapy. This pilot study aimed to contrast the user experience and acceptability of RT with and without music. Eight older adults experiencing symptoms of anxiety and/or depression were randomly allocated to a single session of either verbal RT (VRT) or music-assisted RT (MRT). Pre- and post-measures of affect (Positive and Negative Affect Scale) and memory (Memory Experience Questionnaire, Short Form) were administered to compare VRT and MRT, followed by a brief semi-structured interview to understand the participants’ experiences and level of satisfaction. Interviews were qualitatively analyzed using an inductive coding approach. Two MRT protocols were also delivered to examine different ways of embedding music into RT and compared using qualitative interview data. Participants reported that VRT and MRT were equally acceptable and well tolerated. All participants completed the VRT or MRT session. Participants were able to identify a song to listen to in both MRT protocols and found both acceptable. A pre–post pattern of improvement was observed for affect following VRT, and particularly MRT, suggesting both as promising interventions. The high treatment fidelity achieved in this study indicates that the interventions can be successfully implemented with this population. MRT resulted in higher scores on memory experience characteristics, such as vividness, coherence, and accessibility, and, therefore, may provide changes above and beyond VRT for older people experiencing psychological distress, suggesting that large-scale clinical trials are warranted. PubDate: Mon, 27 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/mtp/miac021 Issue No:Vol. 41, No. 1 (2022)
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Pages: 47 - 53 Abstract: AbstractPreterm (PT) infants are routinely screened for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). After ROP screening exams, PT infants are at risk for adverse events (AEs), including apnea and bradycardia (ABD), respiratory decompensation, infection, and gastrointestinal complications. Music therapy (MT) has been shown to improve overall physiologic stability in PT infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). In this case series, a board-certified music therapist used a music therapy protocol during 47 ROP screening exams. The study’s purpose was to explore the potential effects of NICU MT on AEs linked to ROP screening. No infant had any respiratory decompensation, new infection, or other complications. The rate of ABD after screening exams was low. MT during ROP screening appears safe and feasible. We hypothesize that MT might prevent ABD associated with ROP screening, a theory that could be effectively studied in a randomized controlled trial. PubDate: Sat, 02 Jul 2022 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/mtp/miac022 Issue No:Vol. 41, No. 1 (2022)
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Pages: 54 - 62 Abstract: AbstractMusic therapy is an important psychosocial aspect of hospice and palliative care programs to address pain, grief, and anxiety. The COVID-19 pandemic introduced new challenges to psychosocial therapies in palliative care, including the inability of families to be at the bedside of seriously ill patients, and the need to provide services remotely through video technology. Due to this sudden shift in service delivery, music therapists adapted without research evidence or evaluation of service quality. This evidence-based quality improvement (QI) evaluation examined the program effectiveness of music therapy telehealth services at one Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC) for patients in palliative care, their family members, and VAMC staff during this time of societal grief, anxiety, and isolation. Evaluation metrics included patient (n = 39), staff (n = 27), and family member (n = 3) responses to QI surveys, and analysis of journal entries from key stakeholders (i.e., music therapist, nurse case manager, palliative care physician). We conducted a content analysis of QI surveys and completed the first and second cycle coding of journal entries. Results from the QI survey indicated that music therapy telehealth provided affective and interpersonal benefits, and increased compliance with other therapies. Reflections from key stakeholders included clinical recommendations for service implementation and descriptions of the influence of the telehealth modality on the therapeutic relationship. Findings suggested that music therapy telehealth services can provide psychosocial support for veterans, families, and staff in palliative care. QI research may be utilized to provide helpful ongoing feedback regarding clinical effectiveness. PubDate: Mon, 27 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/mtp/miac017 Issue No:Vol. 41, No. 1 (2022)
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Pages: 63 - 74 Abstract: AbstractTranslation of research to practice is essential for competent practitioners but requires skills and experience in reading and understanding research. Course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) may be a means of developing research skills for all students in a course. For successful CUREs, faculty evaluate students’ research skill development and decide on a project that appropriately promotes student learning. In this case, we chose an open-ended project. We then evaluated the experiences of music students (music therapy, music performance, and music digital media) as they participated in a virtual CURE during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results of a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design with two surveys and open-ended responses of the whole group (n = 22) and a focus group with a volunteer subsample of students (n = 7) indicated important gains in understanding research articles, writing a scholarly paper, understanding the relevance of research to their coursework, and developing communication and teamwork skills. Student suggestions for improvement included clarification of the expectations and timelines, particularly in a virtual setting, and better distribution of effort during the semester. Overall, a virtual CURE may support student research skill development and help them become more effective research consumers. PubDate: Thu, 30 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/mtp/miac012 Issue No:Vol. 41, No. 1 (2022)
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Pages: 75 - 83 Abstract: AbstractMusic therapy (MT) is a widely used non-pharmacological intervention in pediatric health care, an integral part of pediatric palliative care (PPC). Yet, there is a lack of evidence of efficacy, and best practices are not well established. The nature and extent of physiologic impacts of MT in PPC have not previously been reported. This study explores how MT contributes to psycho-physiological changes in children receiving palliative care. We used a convergent mixed-methods feasibility study with a pre–post design. MT sessions were delivered to children (0–18 years), who were registered with a statewide Pediatric Palliative Care Service. Pre–post measures of pain and heart rate were collected using validated and objective measures and analyzed using mixed-model analysis. Analysis of 36 MT sessions demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in pain scores and heart rate after MT sessions. Post measures of pain measured with Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability scale (FLACC scale) scores were −1.57 (95% confidence interval [CI] −2.31 to −0.83) and by Likert pain scale −2.03 (95% CI −2.79 to −1.27). Heart rate reduced by a mean of −7.6 beats per minute (95% CI −10.74 to −3.37). Five parents participated in semi-structured interviews. Following thematic analysis, two major themes emerged: (1) MT has a positive impact on physiological symptoms and (2) MT enhances the opportunity to experience joy. Results demonstrate the feasibility of study components and may inform future research design for a larger study. This research contributes to the limited evidence about non-pharmacological interventions enhancing the quality of life for children receiving PPC. PubDate: Fri, 22 Apr 2022 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/mtp/miac003 Issue No:Vol. 41, No. 1 (2022)
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Pages: 84 - 92 Abstract: AbstractThe number of music therapy private practices in the United States is growing. While it is thought that improving business skills can improve business success, it is not clear what business education was received by music therapy business owners (MTBOs). The purpose of this qualitative inquiry was to explore MTBOs business education in the United States and their views on business education for music therapists and music therapy students. Following an interpretivist theoretical framework, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 21 MTBOs representing all seven regions of the American Music Therapy Association. Using thematic analysis, we created five themes with supporting subthemes. Our findings indicate that the amount of business education participants received as students did not match the amount of business education they perceived necessary to be business owners, and that they sought out additional training from a variety of sources. Participants’ views on music therapy business education and skills important for business ownership in the field of music therapy are explored. PubDate: Wed, 27 Apr 2022 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/mtp/miac014 Issue No:Vol. 41, No. 1 (2022)
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