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Abstract: Objective: Sexual aggression research has recently expanded to include empirical investigations of coercion during condom negotiation and use. This scoping review presents and discusses peer-reviewed, quantitative, English language studies conducted on coercive condom use resistance (CUR) behavior and intentions. Method: Our systematic literature search yielded 20 articles that assessed coercive CUR perpetration behaviors or intentions and met other inclusion criteria. Data on rates and correlates of coercive CUR behavior and intentions were extracted. Results: Identified studies used varied methods including cross-sectional surveys, 3-month longitudinal studies, and alcohol administration experiments, primarily with young adult samples. Overall, results indicated that a substantial minority (up to 42.6%) of sampled individuals endorsed lifetime perpetration of coercive CUR, with men reporting higher prevalence of coercive CUR perpetration than women. The majority of studies (70%) assessed coercive CUR through the Condom Use Resistance Tactics Scale (Davis, Stappenbeck et al., 2014). Although correlates largely differed by gender, alcohol-related variables emerged as risk factors for both men and women. Conclusions: Burgeoning evidence indicates that coercive CUR is relatively common, and, particularly for men, risk factors are similar to those associated with sexual aggression more generally. Review findings demonstrate that continued research in this area is warranted and should expand to include more diverse populations, to consider other risk factors and sequelae, and to utilize novel methodological approaches. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Thu, 20 Jul 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1037/vio0000481
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Abstract: Objective: Interview assessments of intimate partner violence (IPV) may provide more accurate behavior frequency estimates than self-report questionnaires. However, concerns have been raised about whether participants underreport IPV during interviews due to an emotional response to the interviewer. Method: Participants were 42 mixed-gender community couples (83 individuals) in which at least one partner endorsed physical IPV perpetration or victimization in their relationship. We examined whether participants were emotionally responsive to the interviewer during an interview about physical IPV. Responsivity was defined as the extent to which participants’ emotional arousal, indexed by vocal fundamental frequency (f₀), was predicted by interviewers’ emotional arousal at the previous talk turn on a moment-by-moment basis. We then examined whether participants’ responsivity predicted interview-based reporting of IPV relative to their own self-report on an IPV measure and to the highest other available report (including partner report). Results: Repeated measures actor–partner interdependence models conducted in a multilevel modeling framework indicated that, on average, participants were responsive to interviewers’ emotional arousal, even when controlling for responsivity to their own arousal, and that responsivity varied across participants. However, participants’ responsivity to interviewer arousal did not significantly predict reporting of IPV perpetration or victimization during the interview relative to their own self-report or to the highest other available report. Conclusions: Participants are emotionally responsive to interviewer arousal, but this responsivity does not appear to reduce interview-based reporting of IPV relative to self-report, supporting the utility of IPV interviews in clinical and research settings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Thu, 20 Jul 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1037/vio0000482
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Abstract: Objective: This study investigated the relationship between gender-based violence (GBV) experienced before and during migration and increased risk for intimate partner violence (IPV) among North Korean (NK) refugee women after resettlement in South Korea. We also assessed the mitigating role of two types of social networks (i.e., bonding and bridging) in the relationship between GBV and IPV. Bonding networks (i.e., relationships with people sharing similar backgrounds and experiences) have been found to protect IPV victims by providing them with emotional support, and bridging networks (i.e., extended connections with people from different backgrounds) to help victims with their response strategies to IPV. Method: A cross-sectional survey was administered to NK refugee women living in South Korea (N = 212). Results: Multivariate analyses revealed that past GBV exposure was significantly associated with current IPV exposure. Both types of social networks significantly attenuated the relationship between GBV and IPV. Conclusions: The findings of this study showed that a history of GBV victimization could increase risk of IPV from current partners, as male partners of NK refugee women with experiences of GBV might perceive past sexual victimization as a disgrace and perpetrate violence during conflicts. However, IPV victimization might be prevented by enhancing social networks. Bonding networks might provide emotional support for NK refugee women, and bridging networks might help them find necessary resources and information to respond to the violence. Thus, violence prevention and intervention approaches should consider the extent to which bonding and bridging social networks affect IPV victims and revictimization. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Mon, 10 Jul 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1037/vio0000480
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Abstract: Objective: Numerous studies have found that socioemotional and moral variables such as empathy and moral disengagement (MD) strategies are related to cyberbullying perpetration. However, it is necessary to explore whether an inverse association exists, as well as to identify possible variables that may mediate this relationship. The purpose of this study was to test whether cyberbullying perpetration was associated with MD strategies 1 year later and whether affective and cognitive empathy mediate this relationship. Method: A total of 1,199 students (51.2% girls; Mage = 13.46; SD = 0.751) were surveyed via self-report measures in a longitudinal study, in three time waves separated by 6-month intervals. Results: The data indicated that cyberbullying perpetration was related to all four MD strategies 1 year later, although only affective empathy mediated the relationship between cyberbullying perpetration and cognitive restructuring and minimization of responsibility, whereas cognitive empathy had not a mediating effect. Conclusions: This study underscores that aggressive online behaviors are associated with individuals’ MD strategies and reinforces the importance of its prevention to ensure social well-being in adolescents. Future intervention programs to prevent cyberbullying should promote affective empathy and strategies to avoid the lack of moral responsibility or justification for transgressive behavior, which can be associated with continued cyberbullying perpetration. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Mon, 08 May 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1037/vio0000472
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Abstract: Objective: To better understand the implications of applying different labels to perpetrators of mass violence. Method: Two experiments (Study 1: N = 307 college students, Study 2: N = 696 community sample recruited through Prolific Academic) were conducted to examine U.S. public perceptions of “terrorist,” “lone wolf,” and “mass shooter” (only in Study 2) labels. In both studies, participants were randomly assigned to consider one of the terms and respond to prompts about the assumed demographic characteristics and traits of the perpetrator. In Study 2, participants also responded to prompts about the appropriate consequences for the perpetrator and the best policies to address violence committed by that type of perpetrator. Results: Participants displayed much overlap in their characterizations and responses to the labels, but important distinctions emerged, particularly with the terrorist label. Across studies, the terrorist was perceived as more religious, while lone wolf and mass shooter were perceived as more likely to be White and U.S. citizens. The terrorist was characterized by group and ideological characteristics and more highly associated with several demonizing traits, while the lone wolf and mass shooter were characterized as more depressed, sad, and lonely. The terrorist label evoked less support for mental health treatment and more support for tracking associates of the perpetrator and increasing military involvement. Conclusions: Awareness of the different associations evoked by perpetrator labels may help to avoid biases in their application and can shape how mass violence and its consequences are conceptualized by the public. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Thu, 04 May 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1037/vio0000476
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Abstract: Objective: Sexual assault (SA) perpetration remains prevalent among young men, and emotion regulation (ER) is a prominent contributor to sexual assault perpetration among young men experiencing anger or sexual arousal. However, little is known about the specific ER strategies which men use when perpetrating. Thus, the present study used latent profile analysis to group men into profiles based on their in-the-moment use of several ER strategies during two hypothetical sexual situations: one which induced anger and another which induced sexual arousal. Method: In total, 187 single, young, and heterosexually active men from the United States provided responses to an online study, in which they projected themselves into two hypothetical sexual scenarios and answered questions regarding their use of ER strategies and intentions to perpetrate sexual assault after their hypothetical partner indicated she did not consent. Results: Participants were grouped into four profiles based on their use of different ER strategies. Men in the “high acting with awareness, low resignation” profile reported lower perpetration intentions than men in the “low acting with awareness” or “moderate all strategies” profiles following both scenarios. Conclusions: Men in the “high acting with awareness, low resignation” profile may have reported lower perpetration intentions because of the reduced cognitive load associated with acting with awareness relative to other ER strategies, and the increased self-efficacy to avoid sexual aggression associated with low resignation. Thus, future research should replicate the results with this profile in other contexts to determine its feasibility and effectiveness for reducing sexual assault in future interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Mon, 17 Apr 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1037/vio0000469
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Abstract: Objective: Mass shootings in the United States have received significant attention from the media and scholars alike. Recent work indicates that mass shootings are becoming more deadly in the United States, making the identification of critical warning signs among would-be mass shooters of paramount importance. Method: To this end, we applied a regimen of psychometric network analyses to a dataset of crises observed among mass shooters (N = 177; Mage = 34.26, SDage = 12.31; 98.31% male) from the United States prior to their attacks. We also conducted a regression and subsequent dominance analysis using these crisis indicators as covariates of shooting severity to identify which shared the most variability with shooting severity. Results: First, our exploratory graph analysis identified two specific groupings of crises: Distressed Isolation and Disturbed Affect. Next, our network analysis revealed that agitation was a highly important node due to the strong links it shared with mood instability and abusive behaviors. However, isolation yielded the greatest community cross-loading and the most edges in the network. We also found that depression and mood instability were the strongest correlates of shooting severity, as they shared the greatest amount of variability with shooting severity. Conclusion: We argue that social isolation is an ideal candidate for the acquaintances and communities of would-be shooters to intervene. Our findings are discussed within the framework of the path to intended violence model. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Thu, 09 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1037/vio0000464
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Abstract: Objective: Intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy is associated with negative physical and mental health consequences for both mothers and infants. Economic hardship is often exacerbated during pregnancy and is associated with increased rates of IPV in nonpregnant samples. However, temporal associations between economic hardship and IPV victimization have not been well-characterized during pregnancy. The present study used data collected at the weekly level to examine whether interindividual and intraindividual variation in economic hardship predicts IPV victimization during pregnancy and whether longitudinal changes in IPV across pregnancy vary based on level of economic hardship. Method: Two hundred ninety-four women reported on weekly experiences of IPV and economic hardship (i.e., food insecurity and other money problems) during Weeks 17–40 of pregnancy. Participants were oversampled for low income and IPV exposure. Binary logistic multilevel models were used to test study hypotheses. Results: Greater economic hardship on average during pregnancy predicted increased odds of IPV victimization. Within-person increases in economic hardship also predicted increased odds of IPV victimization in the same week. Although IPV victimization tended to decrease on average over the course of pregnancy, there was a significant time by economic hardship interaction such that IPV decreased more gradually for women reporting high levels of economic hardship. Conclusions: The present study examined weekly patterns of IPV victimization across pregnancy in a low-income community sample. Results suggest that policies aimed at increasing families’ economic security during the perinatal period may reduce the individual and societal burden of IPV. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Thu, 08 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1037/vio0000454
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