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Abstract: Objective: There is a positive link between violent media exposure and aggressive behaviors, including bullying behaviors. However, we do not know if violent video game exposure is longitudinally associated with bullying behaviors. The aim of the present study is to address this research gap. Method: We examined the longitudinal link between violent video game exposure and bullying perpetration at both the within- and between-person levels among 774 Chinese early adolescents (61.8% boys, aged 12–15 years) over 1 year. We also tested whether trait aggressiveness and moral identity moderated this longitudinal relationship. Results: Findings showed that violent video game exposure was positively associated with bullying perpetration over time (i.e., within-person effect) and trait aggressiveness moderated this relationship at both the between-person and cross-levels. There was a stronger positive linkage between exposure to violent games and bullying perpetration among adolescents with higher (vs. lower) levels of trait aggressiveness. Moreover, moral identity moderated the relationship between violent game exposure and bullying perpetration, but only at the between-person level and not at the within-person level. This finding suggests that adolescents with high moral identity have weaker associations between violent video game exposure and bullying perpetration (i.e., buffer role), compared to low moral identity adolescents. Conclusion: The findings implicate the importance of developing and implementing integrated strategies that target at reducing violent video game exposure and trait aggressiveness and promoting positive moral development among early adolescents in bullying prevention and intervention efforts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Mon, 28 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMT
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Abstract: Objective: This study investigated the impact of lifetime sexual violence exposure and probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on trait and state emotional responding among a sample of 169 community women. Method: Participants completed self-report measures of experiences of lifetime sexual violence and trait emotion modulation and emotional reactivity. Participants also reported on their negative affect in response to fear- and sadness-eliciting film clips, as well as their perceived ability to modulate negative emotions following a distressing laboratory task. Results: Women with lifetime sexual violence and probable PTSD reported greater trait difficulties adaptively responding to negative emotions, greater negative affect reactivity in response to the fear-eliciting film clip, and greater perceived difficulties modulating negative emotions following a distressing task than two comparison groups: women with lifetime sexual violence but no probable PTSD and non-trauma-exposed controls. No group differences emerged for reactivity to the sadness-eliciting film clip. Conclusions: Findings suggest that both emotion modulation difficulties and heightened negative emotional reactivity are related to PTSD status rather than sexual violence exposure. Responses to PTSD interventions may improve if, prior to intervention, patients are provided training on tolerating negative emotions and enhancing adaptive emotion modulation abilities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Thu, 24 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMT
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Abstract: Objective: Aggression occurs in early adolescent peer and dating relationships, yet there is little research using a person-centered approach to examine heterogeneity in patterns of aggression and victimization occurring in both contexts. Patterns of dating and peer aggression and victimization were identified in a predominantly African American sample of urban middle school students in dating relationships, and associations were examined between emerging patterns and promotive and risk factors impacting peer and school networks. Method: Participants were 1,738 early adolescents (51% female; Mage = 13.2, SD = 1.1). Most identified African American as at least one of their racial identities (91%). The sample included 571 (33%) sixth grade students, 584 (34%) seventh grade students, and 583 (34%) eighth grade students. A latent class analysis (LCA) identified subgroups of adolescents based on experiences with dating and peer aggression and victimization. Associations between the subgroups and individual, peer, and school environment factors were also examined. Results: Support was found for three subgroups of youth characterized by: (a) cross-context aggression and dating victimization (11%), (b) peer aggression and victimization (34%), and (c) limited involvement (55%). The subgroups differed on individual beliefs about aggression, achievement motivation, friends’ behavior and support for nonviolent and aggressive responses, and perceptions of positive peer interactions and teacher support at school. Conclusions: Study findings have implications for prevention and selective intervention approaches based on emerging patterns of dating and peer aggression and victimization, and for future research to examine the stability of and outcomes predicted by subgroup membership over time. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Thu, 24 Feb 2022 00:00:00 GMT
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Abstract: Objective: Bangladesh is historically a patriarchal society, but has made recent strides in increasing educational and economic opportunities for women. Yet men continue to perpetrate economic coercion and other forms of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women in Bangladesh. This study examines how men in rural Bangladesh shape the economic activities of their wives within the context of changing norms around women’s involvement in economic domains. Men’s perspectives are not often explored in the literature and can provide valuable insight into how and why economic coercion persists. Method: Twenty-five in-depth interviews were conducted with men in rural Bangladesh and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Men engaged in economically coercive practices, both implicitly and explicitly. Three themes captured how men perpetrated economic coercion: they held gendered expectations about how and if women should participate in economic activities, they monitored women’s activities to ensure they conformed to the men’s gendered expectations, and they placed explicit restrictions on women’s economic activities to align with and maintain gender inequitable norms. Conclusion: These findings call attention to how men continue to see themselves as dominant over women in rural Bangladesh, despite the progress made in expanding educational and economic opportunities for women. The analysis points to the need for interventions that go beyond increased access to educational and economic programs for women to address the persistence of gender inequitable norms within patriarchal societies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Thu, 24 Feb 2022 00:00:00 GMT
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Abstract: Objective: Intimate partner violence (IPV) constitutes a major U.S. national health concern and disproportionately affects military families. Prior research, which has been conducted primarily in civilian populations, suggests that relative neurocognitive weaknesses may increase risk for IPV. This prospective study examined the associations between postdeployment neurocognitive performance and subsequent IPV (5–13 years later) among warzone veterans in the context of psychological health and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Method: Participants were 217 warzone veterans from a nationally dispersed sample of service members and veterans who had previously deployed to the Iraq war zone and their intimate partners. Warzone veterans had previously completed performance-based neurocognitive assessments at a postdeployment assessment. An average of 8 years later, participants completed structured psychiatric interviews and psychometric surveys assessing TBI history, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, alcohol use, and IPV perpetration. Results: Regression analyses revealed that relatively greater psychopathology and history of TBI were significantly associated with more frequent warzone veteran IPV psychological perpetration. Furthermore, relatively poorer postdeployment neurocognitive performance predicted higher subsequent psychological and physical IPV perpetration, adjusting for demographics, psychological health, and TBI. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the importance of identifying both psychological/behavioral and neurocognitive correlates of IPV among warzone veterans. An integrative understanding of IPV risk can help inform both IPV prevention and treatment efforts for warzone veterans. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Mon, 14 Feb 2022 00:00:00 GMT
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Abstract: Objective: Although prior research has demonstrated that peers influence both physical aggression and exposure to violence during adolescence, few studies have investigated the extent to which peers play a role in relations between physical aggression and violence exposure. This longitudinal study examined peer pressure for fighting, friends’ delinquent behavior, and friends’ support for fighting as mediators of relations between exposure to violence through witnessing and victimization, and adolescents’ frequency of physical aggression. Method: Participants were 2,707 adolescents attending three urban middle schools (Mage = 12.4; 52% female; 79% African American, 17% Hispanic/Latino). Participants completed measures of their frequency of physical aggression, witnessing community violence, victimization by violence, and negative life events, and peer variables at four waves within the same school year. Results: Cross-lagged analyses indicated that the role of peer variables as mediators varied as a function of the type of exposure and the direction of effects. Whereas peer pressure for fighting mediated relations between witnessing violence and changes in physical aggression, friends’ delinquent behavior mediated relations between physical aggression and changes in witnessing violence and victimization. In contrast, violent victimization was not associated with changes in any of the peer factors when included in the same model as witnessing violence. Conclusions: These findings highlight the role of peers as both a cause and a consequence of adolescents’ aggressive behavior and exposure to violence. They suggest focusing on peer variables as targets for interventions to disrupt connections between exposure to violence and physical aggression during early adolescence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Thu, 23 Dec 2021 00:00:00 GMT
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