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Abstract: Presented study explores the knowledge domain of psychological research published in 2020 and 2021. Metadata from 156,942 psychology papers available in Scopus were analyzed using citation analysis and bibliographic mapping techniques. Having in mind the ubiquity of the COVID-19 pandemic and the numerous ways it has affected people’s lives, the fact that COVID-19-related papers represent only 2% to 7% of the total academic production in psychology may seem rather low. However, these papers have attracted much more attention from the public than non-COVID papers. They were also cited two to eight times more frequently, depending on the measure used, and account for 16% to 19% of total citations to psychology papers. Results show that early-stage researchers and those who had fewer articles in Scopus have benefited more from publishing COVID papers. They have managed to boost their average citation rates to the level of their colleagues who were much longer active and previously had higher citedness. Results indicate that the authors citing behavior largely follows the cumulative advantage pattern. Psychological research in general is mainly focused on mental health, anxiety, depression, and stress. This trend is even more fostered due to the pandemic since some of these topics are often analyzed as typical emotional reactions to COVID-19. Other relevant issues are also very well covered, except for the question how scientific results are communicated to the public. The role of “hot” papers was elaborated from the perspective of research evaluation practice. PubDate: 2022-05-19
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Abstract: The purpose of this study was to understand the complex relationships between belief in a just world (BJW), perceived control, perceived risk to self and others, and hopelessness among a globally diverse sample during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. The just-world hypothesis suggests that people need to believe in a just world in which they get what they deserve and deserve what they get. Studies have shown that believing in a just world has an adaptive function for individuals. Samples from six countries completed an online questionnaire. A total of 1,250 people participated (934 female) and ages ranged from 16 to 84 years old (M = 36.3, SD = 15.5). The results showed that, when controlling for gender, age, country of residence, and being in a risk group for COVID-19 (e.g., smoker, old age, chronic disease etc.), a stronger personal and general BJW and higher perceived control over the COVID-19 pandemic predicted lower levels of hopelessness. How at-risk participants perceived themselves to be for COVID-19 positively predicted hopelessness, but how risky participants perceived the disease to be for others negatively predicted hopelessness. This study highlights how the distinction between self and others influences hopelessness and how BJW, especially personal BJW, can serve as a psychological resource during times of historic uncertainty. PubDate: 2022-05-19
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Abstract: Going to university may entail moving away from home. Leaving the family household is a complex and important stage in the process whereby young people gradually gain independence from their family. The purpose of the present study was to identify different home-leaving profiles at the start of university, and analyze how they are related to the family environment (i.e., parents-child and family relationships) and attachment, adopting a person-oriented approach. Our sample consisted of 1,142 emerging adults who had just started university (70.67% females; Mage = 18.43 years, SDage = 0.57). Latent class and cluster analyses highlighted diversity in home-leaving, family environment, and attachment profiles. Participants with the independent home-leaving profile frequently returned to the family household. There were no family environment profiles with mixed scores. Participants with insecure attachment profiles had higher levels of anxiety compared with those reported in previous studies. A configural frequency analysis revealed three typical patterns and one antitypical one. Semi-independent home-leaving was linked to a supportive and positive family environment and to secure attachment, whereas both co-resident and independent home-leaving patterns were related to unsupportive, controlling, and conflictual family environment and to anxious attachment. Overall, these findings emphasize the specificity of the context of going to university and provide meaningful knowledge about the independence of emerging adult students. PubDate: 2022-05-19
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Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic that has impinged upon the world affects individuals not only physically but also psychologically. Considering the effects of the pandemic that can be called a challenging life event, the concept of psychological resilience comes to mind. In this study, the effect of multidimensional avoidance on the relationship between psychological resilience and psychological need satisfaction-frustration of adults is discussed through structural equation modeling. The study data were collected online from 506 adults who participated voluntarily from 7 different geographical regions of Turkey. The study findings were obtained by using correlation analysis, structural equation modeling, and path analysis. As a result of the study, it is seen that all the variables of multidimensional avoidance except distraction/suppression and frustration directly affect psychological resilience in satisfaction and frustration of basic psychological needs. In addition, it shows that psychological resilience has a significant effect on satisfaction and frustration of basic psychological needs, both directly and indirectly through multidimensional avoidance. PubDate: 2022-05-19
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Abstract: Recent research suggests presumptions about atheists’ uncommitted mating strategy causes atheists to seem less trustworthy, and that people who are more religious or espouse less agreeable attitudes toward uncommitted mating (i.e., more restricted sociosexual attitudes) tend to harbor greater anti-atheist attitudes. We provided additional tests of these ideas and addressed whether they could extend to discrimination against atheists in a “high-trust domain:” likelihood of granting approval to marry one’s adult child. An MTurk sample of U.S. parents (N = 301) self-reported their religiosity and sociosexual attitudes, then were randomly assigned to a condition wherein they read about their adult child’s fiancé who was either depicted as an atheist or devoted Christian. Participants reported their likelihood of approving of their child marrying the fiancé and estimated the fiancé’s committed mating strategy, trustworthiness, and dark personality characteristics. Participants with high religiosity presumed an atheist (vs. devoted Christian) fiancé endorsed a less committed mating strategy, which, apart from presumptions about the fiancé’s standing on dark personality characteristics, was associated with (a) perceiving the atheist as less trustworthy and (b) indicating less approval for their child marrying an atheist. Broadly, the research extends theorizing on how atheism relates to perceived threats to moral values and discrimination. PubDate: 2022-05-19
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Abstract: The study of Time has a long history, dating back to the earliest days of psychological science in the late 1800s. However, the conceptualization of time perspective has led to a better understanding of individuals' healthy and pathological attitudes toward time dimensions. Similarly, articulated psychological inflexibility components (i.e., Experiential Avoidance (EA) and Cognitive Fusion (CF)) have been found to have solid links with psychopathology, specifically psychological distress. The purpose of this study was to examine the serial mediating functions of EA and CF in the association between Deviation from Balanced Time Perspective (DBTP) and Depression and Anxiety symptoms. Also, a reversed model of serial mediation was tested. A total of 203 participants (155 female) aged between 17–73 (M = 28.45, SD = 11.43) completed measures of time perspective, CF, EA, anxiety, and depression. CF and EA functioned as mediators between DBTP and depression/anxiety in the first mediation model. However, in the reversed model, only the mediation effect for depression was observed. These results emphasize the need for tailoring treatments to the requirements of patients struggling with anxiety and depression symptoms, who may be more susceptible to imbalanced time perspectives and time-entrapped cognitive processes. PubDate: 2022-05-19
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Abstract: Threat-based awe such as those elicited by natural disasters could also elicit a sense of a small self as positive awe did, further promoting prosociality. Inspired by this finding and research on sense of global community, we intended to examine the potential mediating roles of sense of a small self and sense of global community in the relation between natural disaster-elicited awe and willingness to help people in afflicted areas. Six hundred and eighty undergraduate students in their first year (Mage = 18.52) were conveniently chosen as participants. After viewing a 4-min video successively displaying four types of natural disasters (i.e., earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunami, typhoon) with their massive destruction, participants reported on items regarding their feelings of awe over the disasters, sense of a small self, sense of global community, and their willingness to help people in the disaster-stricken areas. Results indicated that all the direct paths and indirect paths in the hypothesized meditational model were significant, suggesting that temporary disaster-induced awe might produce a self-diminishing effect and enhance people’s sense of global community, which finally enhance their willingness to help people in the disaster-stricken areas. PubDate: 2022-05-18
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Abstract: This study evaluates parental grit’s covariation with offspring grit and the moderating role of different parenting behaviors using an 11-country study of young adults between the ages of 18 and 35 (n = 20,008) and their parents (n = 5945). Results show that parental grit is associated with offspring’s grit with moderation of parenting present across the models presented. The study also highlights the direct association of various parenting dimensions with grit, especially the positive relation of parental control. These results have important implications for understanding young people’s grit development and learning mechanisms. Findings can serve as foundations for effective intervention programs and practices in this field designed to improve enthusiasm, interest, capacity for hard work, engagement, and motivation in the long run. PubDate: 2022-05-18
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Abstract: The physiological function of the Mu rhythm (8–13 Hz in the central region) is still unclear, particularly its role in visuomotor performance in sports (shooting vs. golf putting), as both the complexity of the motor skills (i.e., simple vs. complex visuomotor skills) and the skill level (e.g., novices vs. experts or low-skilled vs. highly skilled) may modulate Mu rhythm. To gain a broader understanding of the association between Mu rhythm and visuomotor skill performance, a study design that considers both a control moderator (the difference in skill level) and the ability to manipulate Mu rhythm (i.e., either increase or decrease Mu rhythm) is required. To achieve this, we recruited 30 novice golfers who were randomly assigned to either the increased Mu rhythm group (IMG), decreased Mu rhythm group (DMG), or sham group (SG) and used electroencephalographic-neurofeedback training (EEG-NFT) to manipulate Mu rhythm during a golf putting task (complex visuomotor skill). The aim was to determine whether the complexity of the motor skill was a potential moderator of Mu rhythm. We mainly found that Mu power was significantly decreased in the DMG following EEG-NFT, which lead to increased motor control and improved performance. We suggest that (1) the complexity of the motor skill, rather than the difference in skill level, may be a potential moderator of Mu rhythm and visuomotor performance, as our results were not consistent with a previous study that reported that increased Mu rhythm improved shooting performance (a simple visuomotor task) in novices. PubDate: 2022-05-18
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Abstract: In the recent years, research on the conditions, under which members of the host countries such as Germany perceive refugees as threatening and respond with negative attitudes, has increased. However, little attention has been given to the implications that subjective perceptions of threat among the host community may have for their own psychological health. Using integrated threat theory, the current study examined the relationships between perceived threats, person-centered antecedents in intercultural settings, and psychological distress among Germans, who reflected on incoming refugees. Using a survey company, a sample (N = 1000) was recruited, which matched the German census regarding central demographics. Participants completed a cross-sectional online survey with validated self-report measures. Assessments covered four perceived threat types (intergroup anxiety, symbolic and realistic threat, negative stereotypes), person-related antecedents (social identity as German, quantity and quality of prior intercultural contact), and psychological distress. Applying structural equation modeling, we found that high social identification as German was related to greater perceptions of symbolic/realistic threat, stronger negative stereotypes and to more intergroup anxiety. Vice versa, high quality of prior intercultural contact experiences was associated with a decrease of all threat types. The quantity of prior intercultural contact showed almost no relations to perceived threats. In terms of indirect effects, greater quality of contact predicted less distress, and greater identity as German predicted more distress, both via symbolic/realistic threat and intergroup anxiety. Taken together, perceiving refugees as a threatening outgroup may signify a self-harming risk, while high quality of intercultural relations may indirectly enhance health. PubDate: 2022-05-18
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Abstract: Loneliness of the older adults is defined as their inability to establish, and maintain satisfying relationships with others and is a widespread phenomenon, and associated with poor health status. The study aimed to investigate loneliness in Iranian older Kazaks, and its relationship with their health status. This is a descriptive-analytical investigation conducted among 234 Iranian older Kazaks selected through convenience sampling in 2020. Data collection tools included demographic, and health information questionnaires, and 21-items Loneliness Scale. The mean score of loneliness was 51.77 (SD = 6.113), and its cut-off point was 44.5. Health index had a significant and inverse relationship with loneliness (OR = 2.347, P = 0.001). Living alone, hypertension, and gender (OR = 5.034, 4.107, and 4.099, respectively) were the predictors of loneliness. In addition, general health and living alone showed significant relationship with loneliness. Providing conditions to Kazaks ethnic minority was suggested to keep them active in the community. PubDate: 2022-05-17
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Abstract: The present study examined the hypothesis that effort intensity moderates the relationship between affect and time perception by employing more academic-related tasks and conditions. Two experiments were conducted to address the question. In Experiment 1, 139 adults (68 women; Mage = 23.7, SD = 3.2) were randomly assigned to one of six conditions (2 [time estimation paradigm] × 3 [task nature]) and worked on a computerized task for 6 minutes. In Experiment 2, 73 participants (35 women; Mage = 26.1, SD = 4.3) were randomly assigned to one of four conditions (2 ([time estimation paradigm] × 2 [task nature]) and completed both tasks for 6 minutes. Multiple moderator models were used to analyze multiple factors simultaneously in the data analysis for each experiment. Across two experiments, multiple moderator models revealed that a) enjoyment of the task was essential to perceive time passing faster regardless of different tasks and the effort level and b) the relationship between task enjoyment and the perceived speed of time was moderated by perceived effort. The findings of the study indicate that task nature and the effort level should be considered simultaneously to understand the relationship between task enjoyment and time perception in the ecologically valid situation. PubDate: 2022-05-17
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Abstract: This study aimed to shed light on how school principals’ motivating style (need-supportive and need-thwarting) influences teachers’ job crafting (approach and avoidance crafting). Drawing on the dual-process model within self-determination theory as an explanatory framework, we examined the mediating role of psychological needs (need satisfaction and frustration) and work motivation (autonomous and controlled motivation) as motivational mechanisms in these relationships. Data were collected from 453 Chinese primary and secondary school teachers. Structural equation modeling analyses showed that need satisfaction and autonomous motivation partially mediated the relationship between school principals’ need-supporting styles and teachers’ approach job crafting (“bright” motivating pathway). Need frustration and controlled motivation fully mediated the relationship between school principals’ need-supporting styles and teachers’ avoidance job crafting (a cross-path). Moreover, school principals’ need-thwarting styles are positively and indirectly related to teachers’ avoidance job crafting through need frustration and controlled motivation (“dark” motivating pathway) and indirectly related to teachers’ approach job crafting through need satisfaction and autonomous motivation (a cross-path). This study extended the dual-process of self-determination theory to explain the leader motivating styles–job crafting relationship and motivational mechanisms underlying these relations. PubDate: 2022-05-17
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Abstract: Despite existing studies showing that relative deprivation is a risk factor for migrant populations’ social withdrawal, the underlying mechanisms are largely unclear. The current study used a moderated mediation model to investigate perceived social support as a possible mediator and in-group identity as a possible moderator in the relationship between relative deprivation and social withdrawal. A large sample of 1772 Chinese migrant adolescents completed questionnaires that measured relative deprivation, social withdrawal, perceived social support, and in-group identity. Relative deprivation was significantly and positively correlated with migrant adolescents’ social withdrawal, and perceived social support partially mediated this relationship. Moreover, in-group identity moderated the indirect effect of relative deprivation on social withdrawal via perceived social support, with a high level of in-group identity weakening the association between relative deprivation and perceived social support. It is recommended that parents and educators pay closer attention to adolescents’ perceived social support and in-group identity to provide appropriate interventions. PubDate: 2022-05-17
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Abstract: Restrictive COVID-19 measures can have significant mental health impacts, particularly on young people. How such measures may influence day-to-day momentary affect, nonetheless, remains to be explored. Experience sampling data were collected from 165 young people (aged 15–24) as part of a larger epidemiological youth mental health study in Hong Kong. We examined the impact of one of the most stringent COVID-19 measures – dine-in restrictions – on momentary positive and negative affect and current contexts and activities of these young people. The effects of a milder form of COVID-19 measure – school suspension – were separately examined. Multilevel analysis revealed that those in the dine-in ban group, compared to dining-as-usual, showed significantly reduced momentary positive affect (β = −0.17, SE = 0.06, p = 0.003). Its effect remained significant even when accounting for baseline depressive and anxiety symptoms and socioeconomic status (β = −0.15, SE = 0.05, p = 0.008). The effect of dine-in ban on reduced momentary positive affect was found specifically when participants were in indoor locations (e.g., home, office), alone, and engaged in passive leisure activities. This pattern was not observed when participants were at school or at other outdoor locations, with friends, or engaged in active leisure activities. No significant effect of school suspension on momentary affect was observed. More severe COVID-19 measures, such as dine-in ban, can have significant impacts on the momentary positive affect of young people. Certain contexts and activities may offer protection against the consequences of COVID-19 measures. The current findings may help to inform future designs of mental health interventions and public health policies. PubDate: 2022-05-17
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Abstract: Non-compliance with social and legal norms and regulations represents a high burden for society. Social cognition deficits are frequently called into question to explain criminal violence and rule violations in individuals diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder (APD), borderline personality disorder (BPD), and psychopathy. In this article, we proposed to consider the potential benefits of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) to rehabilitate forensic population. We focused on the effects of NIBS of the prefrontal cortex, which is central in social cognition, in modulating aggression and impulsivity in clinical disorders, as well as in forensic population. We also addressed the effect of NIBS on empathy, and theory of mind in non-clinical and/or prison population. The reviewed data provide promising evidence on the beneficial effect of NIBS on aggression/impulsivity dyscontrol and social cognitive functions, suggesting its relevance in promoting reintegration of criminals into society. PubDate: 2022-05-16
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Abstract: Gender roles operate as a social schema through which people learn how they must behave and make decisions; that is, socially, what women and men are expected to do is pre-established. This gender socialization is such a deep-rooted process that people may not aware of how they have been socialized, which is thus often is difficult to analyze in people's discussions of their own decision-making. On this basis, this research examines whether endorsing gender roles could be related to women’s decisions (regret), as well as the possible consequences for their well-being. Moreover, we analyzed the content of the most important decisions that people make throughout their lives. Therefore, this research aimed to understand the meaning of gender and how its internalization seems to be related to sex differences in decision-making and well-being. In a sample of the Spanish general population (N = 203; Mage = 41.70, SD = 10.93; range from 20 to 65 years old), results showed that women (vs. men) had a greater internalization of gender roles (i.e., femininity), which was associated with higher fear of negative evaluation. This, in turn, was associated with experienced regret in decision-making, which finally seemed to lead to lower well-being. Analysis of the content of decisions showed that women’s decisions were based mainly on work and family domains, whereas men’s decisions were based on work to a greater extent. PubDate: 2022-05-16
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Abstract: The current study aimed to examine the effectiveness of internet-delivered Combined Cognitive Bias Modification (iCBM-C) for interpretation (CBM-I) and attention (CBM-A) for obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms comparatively.Eighty-two participants (mean age = 26.5, SD = 5.93; 79.3% female) with high OCD symptoms were randomly assigned to eight sessions of iCBM-C (n = 22), iCBM-I, (n = 20), iCBM-A (n = 20), or wait-list control (WLC) (n = 20). Assessments of OCD symptoms and beliefs, depression, anxiety, stress, and mood were administered at baseline, post-intervention at week 4 and 1-month follow-up, whereas assessments of interpretation and attentional biases were administered at baseline and post-intervention at week 4. Both iCBM-C and iCBM-I reduced OCD beliefs compared to the iCBM-A, and negative OC-relevant interpretations compared to both iCBM-A and WLC at post-intervention at week 4, with no clear superiority of one intervention over the other. Although both the interventions also reduced OCD symptoms, only iCBM-I was superior to WLC at post-intervention at week 4. There were no differences between groups regarding attentional bias, depression, anxiety, stress, and mood at post-intervention at week 4. There were also no differences between groups in terms of any outcome at 1-month follow-up. Although our findings provide further evidence for the utility of CBM-I for OCD, iCBM-C also revealed promising outcomes. Should these findings be replicated in specific subgroups, iCBM-C has the potential to be accessible and effective treatment for OCD. PubDate: 2022-05-16
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Abstract: Suicidal ideation and behavior are common in those suffering from Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The present study investigated factors buffering the association between PTSD symptoms and suicidal ideation/behavior. A total of 571 Iranian students and 421 German students took part in the investigation. Social support and positive mental health (PMH) were considered as resilience factors moderating the association between PTSD symptoms and suicide ideation/behavior within both samples. PMH moderated the impact of PTSD symptoms on suicidal ideation/behavior in Iranian and German students. Social support moderated the impact of PTSD symptoms on suicidal ideation/behavior in Iranian students only. Positive mental health and perceived social support seem to confer resilience and should be taken into account, when assessing individuals for suicide risk. PubDate: 2022-05-15
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Abstract: The literature suggests that alexithymia and emptiness could be risk factors for various addictive behaviors. The present study developed and tested a model that proposes a pathway leading from emptiness and difficulties in identifying emotions to Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) symptoms via an intense gamer-avatar relationship and bodily dissociative experiences. A sample of 285 (64.2% M; mean age = 30.38 ± 7.53) online gamers using avatar-based videogames was recruited from gaming communities, and they were asked to complete a survey that included the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, the Subjective Emptiness scale, the Scale of Body Connection, the Self-Presence Questionnaire, and the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form. The structural model evaluated produced a good fit to the data [χ2 = 175.14, df = 55, p < .001; RMSEA = 0.08 (90% C.I. =0.07–0.09), CFI = 0.96, SRMR = 0.08] explaining 28% of the total variance. Alexithymia was indirectly associated with IGD through the serial mediation of the gamer-avatar relationship and body dissociation. Emptiness was associated with IGD symptoms at the bivariate level, but did not predict IGD directly or indirectly. The current study identifies a potential pathway toward IGD by integrating different lines of research, showing the importance of considering aspects such as the difficulty in recognising and expressing one’s emotions, the gamer- avatar relationship, and the mind-body connection in the context of IGD. PubDate: 2022-05-14
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