 Subjects -> PSYCHOLOGY (Total: 983 journals)
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- School-entry skills and early skill trajectories predict reading after 1
year.-
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Abstract: Oral language and early literacy skills are theorized to provide the foundation for reading acquisition. To understand these relations, methods are needed that depict dynamic skill development in the context of reading acquisition. We modeled contributions of school-entry skills and early skill trajectories to later reading with 105 5-year-old children beginning primary school and formal literacy instruction in New Zealand. Children were assessed at school-entry (Preschool Early Literacy Indicators), followed every fourth school week over their first 6 months of school (five probes of First Sound Fluency, Letter Sound Fluency, and New Zealand Word Identification Fluency: Year 1), and after 1 year of school (researcher-administered and school-used indices of literacy-related skills and reading progress). Modified latent change score (mLCS) modeling was used to describe skill development from repeated progress-monitoring data. Ordinal regression and structural equation modeling (path analyses) indicated skills at school-entry and early learning trajectories, indexed by mLCS, predicted children’s early literacy progress. Results have implications for research and screening in beginning reading, supporting school-entry screening and progress monitoring of early literacy skills in beginning reading acquisition. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
PubDate: Thu, 13 Apr 2023 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1037/spq0000544
- Universal screening for social–emotional and behavioral risk:
Differential item functioning on the SAEBRS.-
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Abstract: Universal screening for social–emotional and behavioral (SEB) risk is one strategy for schools to proactively identify students in need of additional supports and services. As schools serve an increasing number of children from racially and culturally diverse backgrounds, further research is needed to examine the differential functioning of brief behavior rating scales. The present study examined differential item functioning (DIF) on the Social, Academic, and Emotional Behavior Risk Screener (SAEBRS)–Teacher Rating Scale. Participants included 11,496 kindergartens through 12th-grade students. DIF analyses were conducted by race/ethnicity, grade level, and biological sex. Results indicated small-to-large effects of DIF for teacher ratings of Black students compared to their non-Black peers on each item resulting in a moderate effect at the test level (Total Behavior [TB] expected test score standardized difference [ETSSD] = −0.67). There was a small-to-moderate effect of DIF for teacher ratings of White students compared to their non-White peers at the test level (TB ETSSD = 0.43). There was a small-to-moderate effect of DIF by biological sex, with teachers rating males differentially with high risk (TB ETSSD = −0.47). There were no significant effects at the test level for differences in ratings by grade level. Future research is needed to identify the factors influencing the interaction between the rater, the student, and the rating scale that could lead to resulting differential functioning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
PubDate: Thu, 13 Apr 2023 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1037/spq0000542
- Using a person-centered analysis to examine second-grade outcomes of a
universal SEL program.-
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Abstract: Effective universal social skills programs are intended to facilitate the development of students’ social competencies and enhance classroom learning. As such, the present study sought to provide additional insights and a more nuanced understanding of the impacts of one such universal program, the Social Skills Improvement System Classwide Intervention Program (SSIS-CIP; Elliott & Gresham, 2007). Using a person-centered data analytic approach, we evaluated SSIS-CIP’s association with heterogeneity in patterns of change on social skills and problem behavior measures over time for second-grade students. Specifically, latent profile analysis yielded three consistent behavior profiles over time: high social competence and low problem behavior, moderate social competence and low problem behavior, and low social competence and high problem behavior. Latent transition analysis suggested that students who were exposed to the SSIS-CIP program were more likely to stay in the same profile or transfer to a more positive behavioral profile than students in the comparison condition. The SSIS-CIP also appeared to benefit those with lower levels of skills and likely in need of intervention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
PubDate: Thu, 09 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1037/spq0000539
- Item response theory analysis of self-reported social–emotional learning
competencies in an Australian population cohort aged 11 years.-
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Abstract: Childhood social and emotional competencies are recognized as teachable skills affecting well-being and developmental outcomes across the life span. This study sought to develop and validate a brief self-report measure of social–emotional competencies in middle childhood. The study used items from the 2015 Middle Childhood Survey, administered to a representative subsample of the New South Wales Child Development Study cohort, comprising sixth grade students (n = 26,837; aged 11–12 years) attending primary school in New South Wales, Australia. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses assessed the latent structure of social–emotional competencies, and item response theory and construct validity analyses evaluated the reliability, validity, and psychometric properties of the derived measure. A correlated five-factor model outperformed other latent structures (one-factor, higher order, and bifactor models) and was consistent with the framework developed by the Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning that informs the Australian school-based social–emotional learning curriculum, incorporating the following: Self-Awareness; Self-Management; Social Awareness; Relationship Skills; and Responsible Decision-Making. This brief (20-item), psychometrically sound, self-report measure of social–emotional competencies in middle childhood provides capacity for exploration of these skills as mediators and moderators of developmental outcomes across the life span. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
PubDate: Mon, 06 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1037/spq0000533
- Potential scoring and predictive bias in interim and summative writing
assessments.-
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Abstract: Interim and summative assessments often are used to make decisions about student writing skills and needs for instruction, but the extent to which different raters and score types might introduce bias for some groups of students is largely unknown. To evaluate this possibility, we analyzed interim writing assessments and state summative test data for 2,621 students in Grades 3–11. Both teachers familiar with students and researchers unaware of students’ identifying characteristics evaluated the interim assessments with analytic rubrics. Teachers assigned higher scores on the interim assessments than researchers. Female students had higher scores than males, and English learners (ELs), students eligible for free or reduced-price school lunch (FRL), and students eligible for special education (SPED) had lower scores than other students. These differences were smaller with researcher compared to teacher ratings. Across grade levels, interim assessment scores were similarly predictive of state rubric scores, scale scores, and proficiency designations across student groups. However, students identified as Hispanic, FRL, EL, or SPED had lower scale scores and a lower likelihood of reaching proficiency on the state exam. For this reason, these students’ risk of unsuccessful performance on the state exam would be greater than predicted when based on interim assessment scores. These findings highlight the potential importance of masking student identities when evaluating writing to reduce scoring bias and suggest that the written composition portions of high-stakes writing examinations may be less biased against historically marginalized groups than the multiple choice portions of these exams. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
PubDate: Thu, 22 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1037/spq0000527
- Validation of a parent report on externalizing symptoms scale: A downward
extension of the behavioral health screen.-
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Abstract: Externalizing problems are common in children ages 6–14, can have lifelong consequences, and may pose a particular risk when combined with other risk factors and symptoms (like depression and anxiety). Schools are uniquely positioned to assess and address these types of behavioral health concerns, but many school-based assessments do not focus on mental health distress (partially because they often lack the infrastructure for identification, screening, and referral). To address this gap, the Behavioral Health Works program student mental health software system has integrated teacher training, psychometrically strong assessments, feedback, and referral tools. However, this self-report tool for adolescents needed to be adapted for younger children. Thus, a parent-report version was added as well as new scales for better assessing this age group. The present study examines the psychometric properties of the new parent-report attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant/conduct scales within a sample of 440 children referred for school-based assessments. Overall, the new scales demonstrated good structural validity, measurement invariance across most demographic groups, discrimination in item response theory analyses, and evidence of convergent validity and good classification accuracy in relation to a validation battery. These externalizing scales are distinct and precise and show promise for improving the effectiveness of school-based programs for identifying at-risk children. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
PubDate: Thu, 22 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1037/spq0000520
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