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Authors:Black; Julie. A., Paparo, Josephine, Wootton, Bethany M. Pages: 267 - 277 Abstract: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a common mental health condition that is characterised by a persistent fear of social or performance situations. Despite effective treatments being available, many individuals with SAD do not seek treatment or delay treatment seeking for many years. The aim of the present study was to examine treatment barriers, treatment histories, and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) delivery preferences in a sample of women with clinically relevant SAD symptoms. Ninety-nine women (Mage = 34.90, SD = 11.28) completed the online questionnaires and were included in the study. Participants were recruited from advertisements on community noticeboards and posts on social media. The results demonstrated that less than 5% of those who received psychological treatment in the past were likely to have received best-practice CBT. The most commonly cited barriers to accessing treatment for women with SAD related to direct costs (63%) and indirect costs (e.g., transport/childcare) (28%). The most preferred treatment delivery method overall was individual face-to-face treatment (70%). The study demonstrates a need to provide a variety of treatment options in order to enhance access to empirically supported treatment for women with SAD. PubDate: 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.1017/bec.2022.26
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Authors:Ding; Dongyan, Pan, Mengdie, Wang, Wenjuan, Wang, Xiucheng, Ma, Simin, Yang, Yuqing, Huang, Yonghui, Guo, Menghui, Wu, Yizhen Pages: 278 - 296 Abstract: During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an increase in online gaming behaviour among college students. This study aimed to examine the impact of online self-help interventions consisting of different components within the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) framework on college students’ gaming disorder and gaming frequency. Additionally, it evaluated the effectiveness of both interventions in addressing psychological distress among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. One intervention was a full ACT program, which consists of six core components, while the other intervention focused on the engaged components of ACT (specifically targeting value-based actions). The study employed a 2 conditions (Full ACT vs. Engaged ACT) × 3 times (pre-, mid- and post-program) design to examine the effectiveness of these interventions. Each intervention consisted of 10 sessions, delivered at a frequency of five sessions per week over a 2-week period for both groups. The participants in this study were enrolled in two online classes. Participants with gaming disorder scores in the top 20% were selected and assigned to either the Full group (N = 49) or the Engaged group (N = 41) for the interventions. The study assessed outcome variables, including gaming disorder, psychological flexibility, daily gaming hours, weekly gaming days and psychological distress, at pre-intervention, mid-intervention, post-intervention and one-month follow-up for both groups. No significant differences were observed between the two groups on these outcomes at the pre-intervention stage. The findings of this study indicate that both interventions effectively reduced gaming disorder and weekly gaming frequency, while enhancing psychological flexibility. Nonetheless, the Engaged group exhibited a significant reduction in daily gaming hours. There was no substantial change in psychological distress in either group during and after the intervention. The implications and limitations of this study were also reported. PubDate: 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.1017/bec.2023.6
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Authors:Saraff; Pooja, Shikatani, Bethany, Rogic, Anna Maria, Dodig, Erin Faith, Talluri, Snigdha, Murray-Latin, Heather Pages: 314 - 327 Abstract: Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is a cognitive bias that leads to perception and intolerance of uncertainty and has associated negative cognitive, emotional, and behavioural responses. It plays a strong role in social anxiety disorder (SAD; Counsell et al., 2017). Our experimental study examined the impact of uncertainty related to a social stressor on SAD using a speech task. We examined features of SAD including anticipatory anxiety, anxiety during the task, willingness to perform the task, and avoidance of the task. Undergraduate students (N = 110, 88% female) with significant social anxiety completed a series of questionnaires, then were randomised to one of two conditions related to level of uncertainty about an impromptu speech task. The experimental condition (state IU) did not predict any of the outcome variables, while trait IU significantly predicted anxiety levels. Results indicate that increased uncertainty of a social situation does not impact acute anxiety levels in SAD and reinforce the strong role of trait IU as a transdiagnostic cognitive variable. Neither trait nor state IU predicted the willingness and avoidance variables. Results also highlighted the central role of the experience of anxiety on avoidance behaviours, above cognitive factors such as IU. PubDate: 2023-02-20 DOI: 10.1017/bec.2022.25
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Authors:Yu; Meng, Zhu, Yawen, Gao, Dingguo, Xu, Qian, Wang, Ye, Wang, Jianping Pages: 328 - 340 Abstract: Post-event rumination (PER) has been seen as a key element in the persistence of social anxiety (disorder). Studies on PER-targeted intervention, e.g., cognitive restructuring (CR), has, however, received little attention in adults, not yet in youth. In addition, previous research showed that, compared to interaction, participants reported higher levels of PER after speech task. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of CR targeting PER among socially anxious (Chinese) adolescents and also to compare the intervention effect between speech and interaction situations. The present study recruited a sample of 73 high socially anxious adolescents aged 12–16 years and then randomly assigned them into speech (n = 37) or interaction (n = 36) group, without control group. PER and social anxiety (SA) were measured before and after CR. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) results showed that adolescents’ PER and SA symptoms were significantly improved with intervention with moderate to high effect size. Furthermore, the decrease in PER could significantly predict the improvement of SA. However, the intervention effect showed no difference between groups. Although no control group was included, one-session CR still showed its potential to improve participants’ PER and SA. Limitations and future directions were discussed. PubDate: 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.1017/bec.2023.5
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Authors:Frost; Gemma, Strodl, Esben, Swannell, Sarah, Macdonald, Kate, Madson, Kathy Pages: 341 - 356 Abstract: Few studies have investigated the feasibility of researching brief forms of dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) for borderline personality disorder (BPD) in public mental health settings. This study aimed to provide preliminary evidence for the feasibility of implementing DBT over a 6-month period for BPD symptoms within Australian public mental health services. Of the 79 participants with BPD recruited, 62 commenced and 24 participants completed the therapy. The participants attended one of three outpatient DBT programmes and completed measures of BPD symptoms, DBT skills-use, and difficulties with emotion regulation at baseline and after 6 months of treatment. A major challenge with feasibility identified was the high attrition rate (61%). However, for completers there were significant improvements in BPD symptoms, DBT skills-use, and difficulties with emotion regulation. These effect sizes were used to estimate the sample sizes needed by future larger trials of brief DBT for BPD in public health settings. The implementation of brief DBT for BPD patients within a public mental health outpatient setting, appears to result in significant reductions in BPD symptoms. However, further exploration of strategies to reduce drop-out rates are required. PubDate: 2023-03-09 DOI: 10.1017/bec.2023.1
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Authors:Caldwell; Georgina, Tairi, Tatiana Pages: 357 - 372 Abstract: In Australia and New Zealand, young construction workers have high suicide rates that are associated with increased psychological distress. Research so far has focused on risk factors, such as workplace bullying during young workers’ apprenticeship training. However, there is a gap in research on factors associated with fostering psychological well-being and the development of strength-based interventions for the industry. One factor which is related to psychological well-being is self-compassion, the ability to be empathic towards oneself during times of suffering or failure. The present study (N = 252) examined relationships between self-compassion, psychological well-being, psychological distress and exposure to workplace bullying in New Zealand construction apprentices. Results showed that self-compassion was positively and significantly related to psychological well-being and negatively related to psychological distress. Self-compassion also uniquely predicted all of the six dimensions of psychological well-being. Experiences of workplace bullying and psychological distress were substantial, and workplace bullying was positively related to psychological distress. Contrary to our hypothesis, self-compassion did not moderate the association between bullying and psychological distress. Overall, these findings indicate that self-compassion interventions may have promise as a mechanism to improve the well-being of construction apprentices. PubDate: 2023-03-24 DOI: 10.1017/bec.2023.2
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Authors:Krahe; Michelle, O'Leary, Kate, Reilly, Sheena, Wallis, Kate, Walsh, Karyn Pages: 254 - 266 Abstract: Young mothers are more likely to access healthcare for their children in emergent care settings and less likely to use preventive care. This study examines the healthcare-seeking behaviours of young mothers to inform the design of tailored interventions. Semi-structured interviews with nine young mothers (aged ≤ 25 years) who were attending a supported playgroup in Brisbane, Australia were conducted and explored using the Capability, Opportunity and Motivation and Behaviour (COM-B) model and the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Five behavioural themes were identified (navigating the system, complex referral pathways, delays and long wait times, understanding child development, and connecting to services) and the role of the supported playgroup in shaping young mothers’ understanding of child development and connecting them to services was highlighted. Recommended strategies to address these factors include opportunities for young mothers to learn about child developmental milestones, improving young mothers’ health literacy, increasing young mothers’ skills and/or the availability of support to help them navigate health services, and providing more accessible entry points for child assessments, referrals, or early intervention programs. PubDate: 2022-10-26 DOI: 10.1017/bec.2022.23
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Authors:MacIsaac; Angela, Mushquash, Aislin R., Wekerle, Christine Pages: 297 - 313 Abstract: Self-reflection is often viewed positively; paradoxically, however, it is also associated with distress, potentially because of its relationship with rumination. Focusing self-reflection on positive themes may be one way to promote adaptive self-reflection. This study examined whether the disposition to engage in self-reflection motivates use of a journal containing positively focused writing prompts and moderates the benefit gained from it, specifically when rumination is controlled for. For 28 days, participants (N = 152) accessed an app-based mental health intervention containing various features, including the aforementioned journal. Outcomes of self-regulation and psychological wellbeing were assessed, controlling for time spent using other app features. As expected, journaling was associated with improvements in psychological wellbeing but only when baseline self-reflection was average or higher. Journaling was also initially associated with improvements in self-regulation, but this was diminished after controlling for time spent using other app features. Findings suggest self-reflection could be a strength for fostering wellbeing when it is directed in a positive way. PubDate: 2022-11-29 DOI: 10.1017/bec.2022.24
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