 Subjects -> PSYCHOLOGY (Total: 983 journals)
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- "Understanding others in moments of crisis” A special issue of
Social Psychology.-
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Abstract: Social psychology in general may understand reactions to crises as a form of threat reaction that leads to different behavioral patterns. This special issue of Social Psychology pushes the field forward with cutting edge research and theory on emotion recognition (1), loneliness in older age (2), concern for others (3), downwards social comparision (4), family disruption and childrens pro-social behavior (5), defence strategies (6), populist attitudes for compliance (7), children’s distress and parental support (8), beliefs about people’s happiness (9). As such, the issue elucidates the impact of crises concerning social perception, social cognition at the micro, meso- and macro-level and social behavior. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
PubDate: Thu, 09 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000515
- What mediates the effect of family disruption in the COVID-19 pandemic on
children’s prosocial behavior: A multisite study.-
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Abstract: At the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, unprecedented social distancing rules (including mass school closures) dramatically constrained children’s social lives, jeopardizing human connections that foster prosocial development. This study of 2,516 families of 3–8-year-olds from six countries (China, Sweden, Australia, Italy, the USA, and the United Kingdom) examined whether children’s understanding or feelings about COVID-19 regulations mediated the expected association between COVID-19-related family disruption and children’s prosocial behavior, as indexed by parental ratings. For all six sites, family disruption indirectly predicted reduced prosocial behavior. Negative feelings about COVID-19 regulations mediated this association in all sites except China. Contrariwise, understanding of COVID-19 regulations was not implicated in the link between family disruption and reduced prosocial behavior. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
PubDate: Thu, 09 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000485
- Dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic: How defense strategies relate to
empathic reactions during lockdowns.-
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Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic with its substantial changes to social life affects social cognitions, which are important for solidarity during a global crisis. We investigated how distal defense strategies for dealing with threat, perceived threat, and contact experiences relate to people’s empathic reactions during lockdowns in two countries. In three studies (N = 1,332), we found that more experienced threat is associated with higher personal distress. In Germany, but not in the United Kingdom, people who applied social defenses reported more empathic concern. Additionally, general positive contact experiences related positively to empathic concern and perspective taking. These other-directed empathic reactions correlated highly with solidarity with others across all studies. The findings indicate that people’s empathy changes with their social experiences during this global crisis. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
PubDate: Thu, 09 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000501
- Populist attitudes predict compliance-related attitudes and behaviors
during the COVID-19 pandemic via trust in institutions.-
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Abstract: While previous research discussed populism as a phenomenon of declining trust, we investigated the predictive value of populist attitudes for citizens’ trust, attitudes, and behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, we tested the role of trust in several institutions simultaneously. As preregistered, the cross-sectional (N = 1,090) and longitudinal (n = 216) data collected (April to June, 2020) in Germany (n = 617) and Poland (n = 473) showed that stronger populist attitudes predicted higher trust in (a) alternative news media but less trust in (b) mainstream news media, (c) political institutions, and (d) scientific institutions. Moreover, we found negative effects of populist attitudes on acceptance and compliance, mediated via trust in political and scientific institutions (but not news media). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
PubDate: Thu, 09 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000500
- How parental support affects Latina girls during the COVID-19 pandemic:
Empathic accuracy and posttraumatic growth effects on empathy and
altruistic sharing.-
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Abstract: The current study focuses on a sample of low- to middle-income school-age Latina girls and their parents and examines how children’s distress proneness interacts with parental empathic accuracy and posttraumatic growth in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic to predict children’s empathy and prosocial behavior toward unknown others. Approximately 2–3 months into state-mandated stay-at-home orders, 55 parent–daughter dyads were recruited to participate in this four-session longitudinal study. To assess distress proneness, daughters (ages 8–13 years, 100% Latina) identified their degree of distress in response to pandemic-related stressors. Concurrently, their parents reported how they thought their children would respond to these same pandemic-related stressors, which assessed parental empathic accuracy. Parents also completed an adapted version of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, which assessed perceived positive outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic. Upon study completion, a behavioral measure of children’s empathic and prosocial behaviors was collected. Parental empathic accuracy interacted with children’s distress proneness to positively predict children’s affective empathy, such that children’s distress proneness predicted affective empathy at high and mean, but not low, levels of parental empathic accuracy. In a separate analysis, parental posttraumatic growth interacted with children’s distress proneness to positively predict children’s altruistic sharing behavior, such that children’s distress proneness predicted altruistic sharing behavior only at high, but not mean or low, levels of parental posttraumatic growth. The results of this study highlight how positive parental socialization and understanding of children’s tendencies toward distress are associated with children’s empathic and prosocial behaviors, particularly during major global crises. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
PubDate: Thu, 09 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000476
- Biased social comparison in the moment of crisis: The better-than-average
effect and COVID-19.-
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Abstract: The better-than-average effect (BTAE) is a mechanism where people perceive oneself as better than others. The BTAE could be one of the phenomena explaining why people follow—in the moment of a global health crisis—guidelines (“I am superior to others, and I [will]) take extra precautions, e.g., a vaccine shot”). In this paper, we investigate the BTAE with 3,066 respondents. In Study 1, in all countries, across two measurements in time, the BTAE was present: Participants rated their involvement in self-protection as greater in comparison to others. Study 2 replicated this effect, proving its robustness. Participants estimated their willingness to vaccinate as higher than others. The BTAE was a significant predictor of willingness to vaccinate. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
PubDate: Thu, 22 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000495
- Causal attributions of happiness and critical events: How beliefs about
people's happiness are affected by moments of crisis and joy.-
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Abstract: This study extends the literature on people’s understanding of happiness by asking whether positive and negative events could affect the causal attributions of what makes others happy. Using a factorial survey applied to a representative and probabilistic sample of Chileans, we examined three central causal attributions deeply rooted in Latin American folk culture. The results show that the positive family causal attribution of others’ happiness is reinforced by both negative and positive events that happened to the observer. Moreover, the attributions of health and income are unchanged. Finally, we discussed how this study contributes to understanding people’s causal attributions by examining how they are modified by critical events that affect the observer. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
PubDate: Thu, 11 Aug 2022 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000484
- Exploring the relationship between loneliness and social cognition in
older age.-
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Abstract: Understanding others is a key component of successful social interactions, and declines in social abilities during later life can lead to social isolation and loneliness. We investigated the relationship between different subcomponents of social cognition and loneliness in a large sample of older adults. We tested perspective-taking and mentalizing skills, alongside self-reported loneliness and social functioning. The results revealed that both loneliness and age correlated significantly with older adults' ability to resist egocentric interference when taking others' perspectives. However, mediation models showed that the effect of loneliness on egocentric tendencies was eliminated when age was accounted for. Therefore, loneliness relates to egocentrism only because egocentric tendencies increase with age, and people experience increasing levels of loneliness and feelings of social isolation with increasing age. Mentalizing and interference from others' perspectives were not influenced by loneliness or age. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
PubDate: Thu, 07 Jul 2022 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000482
- Keeping the kids home: Increasing concern for others in times of crisis.
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Abstract: During the COVID-19 pandemic, social consequences in day-to-day decisions might not have been salient to the decider and thus egoistic. How can prosocial intentions be increased' In an experimental vignette study with N = 206, we compared the likelihood that parents send sick children to kindergarten after four interventions (general information about COVID-19, empathy, reflection of consequences via mental simulation, and control group). Independent of the intervention, empathic concern with individuals who were affected by COVID-19 and the salience of social consequences were high. The reported likelihood of sending a sick child to kindergarten was somewhat reduced in the control group and even more reduced in the reflection and empathy group, but not in the information group. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
PubDate: Mon, 11 Apr 2022 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000463
- Face masks impair basic emotion recognition: Group effects and individual
variability.-
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Abstract: With the widespread adoption of masks, there is a need for understanding how facial obstruction affects emotion recognition. We asked 120 participants to identify emotions from faces with and without masks. We also examined if recognition performance was related to autistic traits and personality. Masks impacted recognition of expressions with diagnostic lower face features the most and those with diagnostic upper face features the least. Persons with higher autistic traits were worse at identifying unmasked expressions, while persons with lower extraversion and higher agreeableness were better at recognizing masked expressions. These results show that different features play different roles in emotion recognition and suggest that obscuring features affects social communication differently as a function of autistic traits and personality. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
PubDate: Mon, 28 Feb 2022 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000470
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