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Abstract: Psychology of Women Quarterly, Volume 46, Issue 2, Page NP1-NP6, June 2022.
Citation: Psychology of Women Quarterly PubDate: 2022-05-13T10:03:13Z DOI: 10.1177/03616843221100630 Issue No:Vol. 46, No. 2 (2022)
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Authors:Arianna Jackson, Brionna Colson-Fearon, H. Shellae Versey Abstract: Psychology of Women Quarterly, Ahead of Print. In the current study, we examined the transition to college for first-generation women of color. Previous studies of first-year college experiences among groups with minoritized statuses have primarily focused on first-generation students or students of color separately, with little consideration of women within these groups generally, and first-generation women of color specifically. Drawing from work in Black feminist scholarship, we explored the transition to college from the perspective of first-generation women of color college students, examining the resources, strengths, and challenges experienced during this transition. Fourteen self-identified first-generation women of color students participated in semi-structured interviews. Respondents were asked a series of open-ended questions about their first-year college experiences, including family dynamics, social support, and mental health. Using thematic analysis, we identified five major themes—Identity, Imposter Phenomenon, Mixed Formal Support, Complicated Family Support, and Friendship, Social, and Emotional Support. Our findings suggest that first-generation women of color college students encounter unique challenges that warrant further investigation. Furthermore, we recommend structural programming (e.g., diversity initiatives), university policies (e.g., need-blind admissions), and increased faculty and staff diversity as strategies that will benefit all students and provide support for first-generation women of color college students. Citation: Psychology of Women Quarterly PubDate: 2022-06-17T07:11:24Z DOI: 10.1177/03616843221106087
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Authors:Hayley A. Liebenow, Kathryn L. Boucher, Brittany S. Cassidy Abstract: Psychology of Women Quarterly, Ahead of Print. Women of color (vs. White women) are underrepresented in the United States government. Identifying factors that affect evaluations of these women is important to understand their underrepresentation. Deviating from communal expectations contributes to backlash against women. Being perceived as prioritizing communality thus appears key for women to receive support. Little work, however, has examined this relation in actual politicians and how perceiver political ideology may affect it. We examined how gendered trait inferences and political ideology affected evaluations of Kamala Harris, the first woman of color elected to the executive branch, before the 2020 election. People perceived Harris as more agentic than communal (Studies 1–2). Communal trait inferences and having a more liberal political ideology each positively related to evaluations of Harris. More liberal relative to more conservative perceivers had weaker positive communality effects when evaluating her expected success (Studies 1–2) and when a description conveyed Harris’s communality (vs. agency; Study 2). These findings highlight communality effects on evaluations of Harris and suggest a context under which she was likely more supported by co-partisans. Moreover, these studies identify potential sources of bias toward female candidates of color, illustrating a need for gendered trait inferences to be thoroughly considered in campaign strategies. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ’s website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/03616843221104383. Citation: Psychology of Women Quarterly PubDate: 2022-06-13T04:07:01Z DOI: 10.1177/03616843221104383
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Authors:Emma F. Jackson, Veronica Sheanoda, Kay Bussey Abstract: Psychology of Women Quarterly, Ahead of Print. Gender self-categorisation is used to communicate a gender group membership in daily life and is recognised across research as an important facet of an individual’s identity. However, understandings of the psychological processes associated with gender self-categorisation have, historically, been restricted by binary, cisgender assumptions. This study qualitatively examined the processes associated with gender self-categorisation in a sample of transgender (binary and nonbinary, n = 15) individuals alongside a negative case analysis of one cisgender woman. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to construct a map of components which interacted to inform participants’ gender self-categorisation. Participants reported that their self-categorisation was reciprocally informed by their internal sense of gendered self, their gendered attributes and by other people’s perceptions. Further, participants’ knowledge and understanding of gender in the world more broadly provided context for this reciprocal process. The process of gender self-categorisation mapped in this study has important implications for researchers regarding theory and methods, for educators and parents regarding how children might be taught about gender and for clinicians regarding how to talk with clients about gender outside of a diagnostic framework. Citation: Psychology of Women Quarterly PubDate: 2022-06-08T09:46:10Z DOI: 10.1177/03616843221102787
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Authors:Ashley MacPherson, Alison Patev, Sarah Ghose, Morgan Reid, Sahar Sabet, Claire Williams, Natalie Dautovich Abstract: Psychology of Women Quarterly, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Psychology of Women Quarterly PubDate: 2022-06-07T04:49:52Z DOI: 10.1177/03616843221106081
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Authors:Tuyen K. Dinh, Laurel Mikalouski, Margaret S. Stockdale Abstract: Psychology of Women Quarterly, Ahead of Print. History has shown that people who embody responsibility-focused power have been credibly accused of sexual harassment. Drawing from power-approach and moral licensing theories, we present two complementary studies examining how responsibility-focused power triggers moral licensing, which, in turn, decreases perceptions of sexual harassment (Study 1) and increases intentions to engage in sexual harassment (Study 2). In Study 1, 365 participants read a scenario of a man embodying responsibility-focused power, self-focused power, or low power (control) and then read a case about the man’s alleged sexual harassment against a subordinate. Findings illustrated that moral crediting mediated the effect of power construal on false accusation judgments. In Study 2, 250 participants were primed to experience responsibility-focused power or low power. Responsibility-focused power increased sexual harassment intentions through effects on communal feelings and moral crediting. Based on these findings, we develop a new theoretical perspective on why sexual harassment occurs and why people deny perceiving it. We provide practical recommendations to organizational leaders for developing interventions, such as training, that may disrupt effects of power and moral licensing on sexual harassment intentions. We also encourage public discourse on the harms of harassment that supposed “good people” commit. Citation: Psychology of Women Quarterly PubDate: 2022-06-02T01:17:02Z DOI: 10.1177/03616843221099199
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Authors:Danielle D. Dickens, Naomi M. Hall, Natalie N. Watson-Singleton, Cheyane Mitchell, Zharia Thomas Abstract: Psychology of Women Quarterly, Ahead of Print. In this study, we aimed to develop and validate the Identity Shifting for Black Women Scale (ISBWS), which assesses the process of altering one’s speech, perceptions, behaviors, and appearance to navigate experiences of discrimination and to enhance intraracial relationships. In Study 1, data from 356 Black women in the United States were used for exploratory factor analysis. Exploratory factor analysis results supported a 15-item, two-factor solution that captured the following domains: (a) Navigating Gendered Racial Oppressive Contexts and (b) Enhancing Intraracial Relationships. In Study 2, confirmatory factor analyses were performed with data from 289 United States Black women. Confirmatory factor analyses tested a unidimensional correlated traits model, a two-factor correlated traits model, and a bifactor model. The bifactor model provided optimal fit, and internal consistency estimates for scores on the ISBWS subscales were good. The ISBWS’ construct validity was supported given its association with related measures of shifting and gendered racial microaggressions. The ISBWS also accounted for additional variance in Black women’s anxiety symptoms over and above an existing shifting measure. Our findings support the added value of the ISBWS in understanding Black women’s multifaceted experiences and can be used to inform interventions aimed to maximize the benefits and reduce the costs of shifting among Black women. Citation: Psychology of Women Quarterly PubDate: 2022-05-06T02:16:35Z DOI: 10.1177/03616843221089330
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Authors:Madison Natarajan, Kerrie G. Wilkins-Yel, Anushka Sista, Aashika Anantharaman, Natalie Seils Abstract: Psychology of Women Quarterly, Ahead of Print. Purity culture is a phenomenon promulgated by evangelical Christianity that teaches strict adherence to sexual abstinence prior to heterosexual marriage. Extant research illuminated the ways these teachings have harmed women by normalizing the oppression of their bodies, restricting sexual agency, teaching a shame response to pleasure, and perpetuating rape culture. Notably, these studies have centered white women’s experiences, and to date, there is a dearth of literature examining how these teachings uniquely impact Women of Color. There remains a paucity of research about the ways in which purity culture has perpetuated colonial and Eurocentric values that have systematically oppressed Women of Color. Framed by critical race feminism and intersectionality, we examined the lived experiences of nine Women of Color impacted by evangelical purity culture, revealing the nuanced ways in which gendered racism and white idealization influenced participants’ alliance to and embodiment of their intersecting racialized and gendered identities. With the insights gleaned from this study, we encourage readers to (a) raise their consciousness about the insidious mechanisms through which purity culture and the religious right operate and (b) actively dismantle forms of internalized oppression through radical acts of healing, and systematically through disrupting the perpetuation of purity culture rhetoric. Citation: Psychology of Women Quarterly PubDate: 2022-05-05T05:34:25Z DOI: 10.1177/03616843221091116
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Authors:Katalin Szőke Abstract: Psychology of Women Quarterly, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Psychology of Women Quarterly PubDate: 2022-05-03T02:42:24Z DOI: 10.1177/03616843221098338
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Authors:Thekla Morgenroth, Michelle K. Ryan, Cordelia Fine Abstract: Psychology of Women Quarterly, Ahead of Print. Women are seen as more risk-avoidant in the workplace, and some have argued that this contributes to occupational gender gaps. Across two correlational and three experimental studies (total N = 2280), we examined the role of consequences of workplace risk-taking in determining the likelihood of taking future risks at work. We found no evidence for overall gender differences in initial risk-taking, and women and men anticipated similar consequences for risks with which they have no experience. However, this stands in contrast to the consequences of risk-taking they have experienced. Here, men reported on average more positive consequences, even for those risks that are more normative for women, translating into a higher likelihood of taking the same risks again. When faced with the same consequences, women and men were equally likely to take the same risks again. Our findings challenge the simple assumption that women are averse to workplace risks and suggest that if and when women do avoid risks, it is because their risk-taking leads to less rewarding consequences. Workplace gender equality initiatives should therefore tackle any inequities of consequences rather than encouraging women to “lean in” and take more risks. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ’s website at https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/03616843221084048. Citation: Psychology of Women Quarterly PubDate: 2022-04-19T02:08:47Z DOI: 10.1177/03616843221084048
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Authors:Anna E. Jaffe, Jessica A. Blayney, Macey R. Schallert, Madison E. Edwards, Emily R. Dworkin Abstract: Psychology of Women Quarterly, Ahead of Print. Social support after sexual assault is important for recovery, but violence and recovery may also challenge relationships. We examined functional and structural social support changes following sexual assault and their association with mental health. College women (N = 544) with and without a sexual assault history completed a cross-sectional survey assessing current and past egocentric social networks. Functional support (perceived global support, assault disclosure, and perceived helpfulness of responses) and structural support (network density, size, and retention) were examined. Multilevel models revealed that, relative to non-survivors, survivors reported smaller, less dense past networks, but similarly sized current networks. Survivors retained less of their networks than non-survivors, and network members who provided unhelpful responses to disclosure were less likely to be retained. Structural equation modeling revealed that, among survivors, perceived unhelpful responses to disclosure and a greater loss of network members were associated with worse mental health. Findings suggest that survivors may experience a restructuring of social networks following sexual assault, especially when network members respond in unhelpful ways to disclosure. Although survivors appeared to build new relationships, this restructuring was associated with more mental health problems. It is possible that interventions to improve post-assault social network retention may facilitate recovery. Citation: Psychology of Women Quarterly PubDate: 2022-04-13T07:11:41Z DOI: 10.1177/03616843221085213
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Authors:Grace M. Wetzel, Diana T. Sanchez First page: 131 Abstract: Psychology of Women Quarterly, Ahead of Print. The “orgasm gap” refers to the finding that cisgender men, on average, have more orgasms than cisgender women during heterosexual partnered sex. In the current research, we replicated evidence for several orgasm discrepancies across sexual contexts and assessed men’s and women’s perceptions of the orgasm gap. Our sample consisted of 276 heterosexual, cisgender, sexually active undergraduate students (56.52% women; Mage = 18.84). We assessed participants’ self-reported orgasm frequencies with a familiar partner, with a new partner, and during masturbation, as well as participants’ perceptions of their partners’ orgasm frequencies. We found evidence for orgasm discrepancies between young men and women within contexts and for women across contexts. Additionally, men perceived the size of the orgasm gap to be smaller than women perceived it to be. We used qualitative analyses to assess participants’ perceptions of driving forces behind the orgasm gap and their responses could be grouped into five overarching themes: Sociocultural Influence, Women’s Orgasm Difficulty, Biology, Men’s Fault, and Interpersonal Communication. This qualitative data can inform education and advocacy efforts focused on improving orgasm outcomes for young women, particularly by disproving prominent biological justifications for orgasm difference and addressing relevant sociocultural concerns. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ’s website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/03616843221076410. Citation: Psychology of Women Quarterly PubDate: 2022-04-19T01:17:39Z DOI: 10.1177/03616843221076410
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Authors:Jessica A. Blayney, Tiffany Jenzer, Anna E. Jaffe, Quinn Carroll, Jennifer P. Read First page: 162 Abstract: Psychology of Women Quarterly, Ahead of Print. Risk for unwanted sexual experiences can emerge in social contexts—the same contexts that early college women navigate with their friends. Though friends naturally engage in prevention strategies, less is known about how capable guardianship influences risk. Using multilevel structural equation modeling, the present study examined guardianship at the person- and situation-level. First year college women (N = 132) completed eight weekends of daily surveys. We examined whether guardianship (e.g., more friends present, greater proportion of female friends, no intoxicated friends) would reduce unwanted sexual experience risk and if this relation was mediated by friends-based strategy use. An alternative model was also tested with the same predictors, but unwanted sexual experiences as the mediator and friends-based strategy use as the outcome. Over half (58%) of extended weekend nights with friends involved drinking or using drugs. Friends-based strategies were used on 29% of nights. Across models, being with one or more intoxicated friends was associated with friends-based strategy use and an unwanted sexual experience, but only at the situation-level. Parents, educators, and policy makers can encourage college women to draw on their social networks to enhance safety. Interventions could incorporate more universal strategies for responding to risk in social contexts. Citation: Psychology of Women Quarterly PubDate: 2022-04-19T01:15:40Z DOI: 10.1177/03616843221085219
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Authors:shola shodiya-zeumault, Michelle Aiello, Cassandra L. Hinger, Cirleen DeBlaere First page: 176 Abstract: Psychology of Women Quarterly, Ahead of Print. Though findings are mixed, collective action engagement has been shown to be positively associated with greater academic success, social support, political efficacy, and well-being with racially marginalized individuals. Despite these findings, however, investigations of collective action engagement with Black American adult women within psychological science are scarce. Consistent with Black feminist thought, the construct of resistance may provide a necessary expansion to include all the ways that Black women actively work to transform their communities toward justice, beyond collective action. To ascertain the breadth and scope of psychological research related to Black women’s resistance (i.e., collective action engagement) to interpersonal discrimination and structural oppression, in this systematic review and content analysis we sought to identify participants’ and scholars’ definitions of resistance, as well as thematic dimensions and specific strategies of resistance. Additionally, we sought to determine the outcomes of resistance that have been assessed and the degree to which psychological health and well-being have been examined as an outcome of resistance within the literature. Findings from the analysis suggest the need for future examinations of the specific influence of Black American women’s collective action engagement and resistance to oppression on their well-being. Additionally, the findings of this review may have important implications for Black women’s well-being and as such, we discuss resistance work as a therapeutic intervention that can be encouraged by therapists, healers, community leaders, and educators. Citation: Psychology of Women Quarterly PubDate: 2022-01-12T05:45:36Z DOI: 10.1177/03616843211064181
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Authors:Stephanie Castelin, Grace White First page: 196 Abstract: Psychology of Women Quarterly, Ahead of Print. The Strong Black Woman Schema (SBWS) is a cultural expectation for Black women to unfailingly display signs of strength and caretaker qualities, while suppressing their emotions. Although this schema is a purported source of strength for Black women, quantitative explorations of its psychological impact have been limited. In the present study, we examined associations between endorsement of the SBWS and several indicators of mental health and resilience in Black women. We analyzed responses from 212 college-aged, Black women assessing psychological distress, suicidal behaviors, resilience, and SBWS endorsement. Findings indicated that endorsement of the SBWS was positively related to both psychological distress and self-reported suicidal behaviors. In addition, the SBWS’ link to suicidal behaviors was mediated by psychological distress. Lastly, results from moderated mediation analysis supported a buffering effect of resilience. That is, when resilience was high, the association between psychological distress and suicidal behaviors, as well as the conditional indirect effects of the SBWS, was lessened. Implications of these findings suggest that prevalent endorsement of SBWS within Black communities may be harmful to Black women’s mental health. We call for additional research and provide recommendations on how the media, mental health professionals, and community leaders can mitigate its negative effects. Citation: Psychology of Women Quarterly PubDate: 2022-02-17T06:59:28Z DOI: 10.1177/03616843211067501
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Authors:Jennifer King, Derek Iwamoto First page: 209 Abstract: Psychology of Women Quarterly, Ahead of Print. Past research has shown that Asian American women are subject to distinct forms of sexism and racism that can influence culture-specific appearance evaluations. However, no studies have examined within-group differences in self-objectification processes. To address this gap, we used latent class analysis. Our study had three aims: (a) identify subgroups (e.g., latent classes) of Asian American women (N = 554) based upon their general and group-specific self-objectification processes, (b) examine the racial objectification predictors (e.g., general racism, gendered racial microaggressions, and racial identity) of latent class membership, and (c) examine the relation between the classes and disordered eating and depression. Results of the latent class analysis yielded four classes: (a) High Self-Objectification class (37.2%), (b) Moderate Self-Objectification class (40.1%), (c) Body Conscious class (7.3%), and (d) Appearance Acceptance class (15.5%). The High Self-Objectification class reported significantly higher rates of disordered eating and depression. Women were more likely to be in the High Self-Objectification class if they experienced higher levels of gendered racial microaggressions and racial dissonance. Results can advance the literature by demonstrating significant within-group variability in self-objectification processes among Asian American Women and offer valuable clinical implications for targeting high-risk groups. Citation: Psychology of Women Quarterly PubDate: 2022-04-01T09:38:30Z DOI: 10.1177/03616843221081525
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Authors:Bonnie Moradi, Elliot Tebbe First page: 226 Abstract: Psychology of Women Quarterly, Ahead of Print. With this study, we aimed to advance objectification theory research with sexual minority women by examining the understudied roles of appearance anxiety and interoceptive awareness concomitantly with other key variables, including sexual objectification experiences, internalization of cultural appearance standards, body surveillance, and body shame. We also examined depressive symptoms as a criterion variable in addition to eating disorder symptoms. Survey data from 201 sexual minority women were analyzed. Manifest variable path analysis of the hypothesized model explained 35% and 27% of the variance in eating disorder and depressive symptoms, respectively. Results revealed a distinct pattern of cross-sectional direct and indirect relations for eating disorder and depressive symptoms. Specifically, body shame was a key unique correlate of eating disorder symptoms and linked internalization of cultural appearance standards and body surveillance with eating disorder symptoms. Appearance anxiety was a key unique correlate of depressive symptoms and linked internalization of cultural appearance standards and body surveillance with depressive symptoms. Sexual objectification experiences and interoceptive awareness generally did not yield significant unique direct or indirect relations in the model. These findings suggest distinct and complementary points of intervention to mitigate eating disorder and depressive symptoms for sexual minority women. Citation: Psychology of Women Quarterly PubDate: 2022-02-22T10:10:30Z DOI: 10.1177/03616843211052525
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Authors:Susan L. McCammon First page: 241 Abstract: Psychology of Women Quarterly, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Psychology of Women Quarterly PubDate: 2022-03-31T09:58:31Z DOI: 10.1177/03616843221082919
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Authors:Marilyn R. Sanders First page: 242 Abstract: Psychology of Women Quarterly, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Psychology of Women Quarterly PubDate: 2022-03-28T07:22:51Z DOI: 10.1177/03616843221079730
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Authors:Nathan Bitecofer, Ronald F. Levant First page: 243 Abstract: Psychology of Women Quarterly, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Psychology of Women Quarterly PubDate: 2022-04-01T12:08:36Z DOI: 10.1177/03616843221078198
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Authors:Fred H. Previc First page: 244 Abstract: Psychology of Women Quarterly, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Psychology of Women Quarterly PubDate: 2022-03-27T05:25:36Z DOI: 10.1177/03616843211070337
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Authors:■■■ ■■■ First page: 245 Abstract: Psychology of Women Quarterly, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Psychology of Women Quarterly PubDate: 2022-03-28T01:04:44Z DOI: 10.1177/03616843211069111
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