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- Body image at the trunk: An investigation into externally referenced width
perception and picture mapping-
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Authors: Simon Pratt, Benedict M. Wand, Dana A. Hince, Mervyn J. Travers, Lee Schneider, Sara Kelly, William Gibson
Abstract: Perception, Ahead of Print.
Body image is a conscious representation of the body, encompassing how our body feels to us. Body image can be measured in a variety of ways, including metric and depictive measures. This study sought to assess body image at the trunk by investigating, and comparing, a metric and depictive measure. Sixty-nine healthy participants estimated their thorax, waist, and hip width by externally referencing mechanical calipers. Participants were also asked to select the true image of their trunk from a random display of nine images containing the true image and incrementally shrunken or enlarged images. Participants demonstrated evidence of thorax and waist width overestimation in the width perception task, with no evidence for hip misestimation. For the picture mapping task, the majority of participants were inaccurate. In participants who were inaccurate, approximately equal proportions underestimated and overestimated their trunk width. The two tasks were found to be independent of each other. Distortions, or inaccuracies, were apparent in a metric measure, and inaccuracies also present in a depictive measure, of body image at the trunk for healthy participants. An overestimation bias was apparent in the metric, but not depictive, task. No relationship was found between tasks..
Citation: Perception
PubDate: 2024-08-02T06:20:24Z
DOI: 10.1177/03010066241263052
- Book Review: Virtual Reality by Steven M. Lavalle
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Authors: Mincheol Shin, Kelsey Onderdijk
Abstract: Perception, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Perception
PubDate: 2024-07-25T11:50:11Z
DOI: 10.1177/03010066241260594
- Visual softness perception can be manipulated through exploratory
procedures-
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Authors: Fatma Kılıç, Dicle Dövencioğlu
Abstract: Perception, Ahead of Print.
Both visual and haptic softness perception have recently been shown to have multiple dimensions, such as deformability, granularity, fluidity, surface softness, and roughness. During haptic exploration, people adjust their hand motions (exploratory procedures, EPs) based on the material qualities of the object and the particular information they intend to acquire. Some of these EPs are also shown to be associated with perceived softness dimensions, for example, stroking a silk blouse or applying pressure to a pillow. Here, we aimed to investigate whether we can manipulate observers’ judgments about softness attributes through exposure to videos of others performing various EPs on everyday soft materials. In two experiments, participants watched two videos of the same material: one with a corresponding EP and the other without correspondence; then, they judged these materials based on 12 softness-related adjectives (semantic differentiation method). The results of the second experiment suggested that when the EP is congruent with the dimension from which the material is chosen, the ratings for the adjectives from the same dimension are higher than the incongruent EP. This study provides evidence that participants can assess material properties from optic and mechanical cues without needing haptic signals. Additionally, our findings indicate that manipulating the hand motion can selectively facilitate material-related judgments.
Citation: Perception
PubDate: 2024-07-25T10:32:49Z
DOI: 10.1177/03010066241261772
- The importance of multisensory-motor learning on subsequent visual
recognition-
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Authors: Hellen Kyler, Karin James
Abstract: Perception, Ahead of Print.
Speed of visual object recognition is facilitated after active manual exploration of objects relative to passive visual processing alone. Manual exploration allows viewers to select important information about object structure that may facilitate recognition. Viewpoints where the objects’ axis of elongation is perpendicular or parallel to the line of sight are selected more during exploration, recognized faster than other viewpoints, and afford the most information about structure when object movement is controlled by the viewer. Prior work used virtual object exploration in active and passive viewing conditions, limiting multisensory structural object information. Adding multisensory information to encoding may change accuracy of overall recognition, viewpoint selection, and viewpoint recognition. We tested whether the known active advantage for object recognition would change when real objects were studied, affording visual and haptic information. Participants interacted with 3D novel objects during manual exploration or passive viewing of another's object interactions. Object recognition was tested using several viewpoints of rendered objects. We found that manually explored objects were recognized more accurately than objects studied through passive exploration and that recognition of viewpoints differed from previous work.
Citation: Perception
PubDate: 2024-06-20T01:57:52Z
DOI: 10.1177/03010066241258967
- No evidence for an other-race effect in dominance and trustworthy
judgements from faces-
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Authors: Ao Wang, Bartholomew P.A. Quinn, Hannah Gofton, Timothy J. Andrews
Abstract: Perception, Ahead of Print.
A variety of evidence shows that social categorization of people based on their race can lead to stereotypical judgements and prejudicial behaviour. Here, we explore the extent to which trait judgements of faces are influenced by race. To address this issue, we measured the reliability of first impressions for own-race and other-race faces in Asian and White participants. Participants viewed pairs of faces and were asked to indicate which of the two faces was more dominant or which of the two faces was more trustworthy. We measured the consistency (or reliability) of these judgements across participants for own-race and other-races faces. We found that judgements of dominance or trustworthiness showed similar levels of reliability for own-race and other-race faces. Moreover, an item analysis showed that the judgements on individual trials were very similar across participants from different races. Next, participants made overall ratings of dominance and trustworthiness from own-race and other-race faces. Again, we found that there was no evidence for an ORE. Together, these results provide a new approach to measuring trait judgements of faces and show that in these conditions there is no ORE for the perception of dominance and trustworthiness.
Citation: Perception
PubDate: 2024-06-17T08:26:18Z
DOI: 10.1177/03010066241258204
- Temporal resolution relates to sensory hyperreactivity independently of
stimulus detection sensitivity in individuals with autism spectrum
disorder-
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Authors: Ayako Kaneko, Takeshi Atsumi, Masakazu Ide
Abstract: Perception, Ahead of Print.
Researchers have been focusing on perceptual characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in terms of sensory hyperreactivity. Previously, we demonstrated that temporal resolution, which is the accuracy to differentiate the order of two successive vibrotactile stimuli, is associated with the severity of sensory hyperreactivity. We currently examined whether an increase in the perceptual intensity of a tactile stimulus, despite its short duration, is derived from high temporal resolution and high frequency of sensory temporal summation. Twenty ASD and 22 typically developing (TD) participants conducted two psychophysical experimental tasks to evaluate detectable duration of vibrotactile stimulus with same amplitude and to evaluate temporal resolution. The sensory hyperreactivity was estimated using self-reported questionnaire. There was no relationship between the temporal resolution and the duration of detectable stimuli in both groups. However, the ASD group showed severe sensory hyperreactivity in daily life than TD group, and the ASD participants with severe sensory hyperreactivity tended to have high temporal resolution, not high sensitivity of detectable duration. Contrary to the hypothesis, there might be different processing between temporal resolution and sensitivity for stimulus detection. We suggested that the atypical temporal processing would affect to sensory reactivity in ASD.
Citation: Perception
PubDate: 2024-06-12T07:47:35Z
DOI: 10.1177/03010066241259729
- Perceptual task drives later fixations and long latency saccades, while
early fixations and short latency saccades are more automatic-
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Authors: Anna Metzger, Robert John Ennis, Katja Doerschner, Matteo Toscani
Abstract: Perception, Ahead of Print.
We used a simple stimulus, dissociating perceptually relevant information in space, to differentiate between bottom-up and task-driven fixations. Six participants viewed a dynamic scene showing the reaction of an elastic object fixed to the ceiling being hit. In one condition they had to judge the object's stiffness and in the other condition its lightness. The results show that initial fixations tend to land in the centre of an object, independent of the task. After the initial fixation, participants tended to look at task diagnostic regions. This fixation behaviour correlates with high perceptual performance. Similarly, low-latency saccades lead to fixations that do not depend on the task, whereas higher latency does.
Citation: Perception
PubDate: 2024-06-12T07:47:19Z
DOI: 10.1177/03010066241253816
- Vibrotactile spatial acuity on the back
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Authors: Myrthe A. Plaisier, Cahelle S.J.M. Vleeshouwers, Nynke Boonstra, Yueying Shi, Sam J.I. van der Velden, Wouter K. Vos, Astrid M.L. Kappers
Abstract: Perception, Ahead of Print.
Vibrotactile feedback can be built into clothing such as vests. This means that often vibrotactile information is presented to the back. It is known that the back has a relatively low spatial acuity. Spatial acuity varies across different limbs and sometimes with different locations on a limb. These known anisotropies suggest that there might be systematic variations in vibrotactile spatial acuity for different areas of the back and also for different orientations (i.e. horizontal vs. vertical). Here we systematically measured spatial acuity in four areas of the back for both horizontal and vertical orientations. The results show no significant differences in spatial acuity for the back areas that were tested. Spatial acuity was, however, higher in the horizontal direction than in the vertical direction by roughly a factor of two. This means that when designing vibrotactile displays for the back the tactor density can be lower in the vertical direction than in the horizontal direction and density should be constant for different areas of the back.
Citation: Perception
PubDate: 2024-06-12T06:31:56Z
DOI: 10.1177/03010066241258969
- Inattentional aftereffects: The role of attention on the strength of the
motion aftereffect-
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Authors: Daphne Roumani, Konstantinos Moutoussis
Abstract: Perception, Ahead of Print.
The way that attention affects the processing of visual information is one of the most intriguing fields in the study of visual perception. One way to examine this interaction is by studying the way perceptual aftereffects are modulated by attention. In the present study, we have manipulated attention during adaptation to translational motion generated by coherently moving random dots, in order to investigate the effect of the distraction of attention on the strength of the peripheral dynamic motion aftereffect (MAE). A foveal rapid serial visual presentation task (RSVP) of varying difficulty was introduced during the adaptation period while the adaptation and test stimuli were presented peripherally. Furthermore, to examine the interaction between the physical characteristics of the stimulus and attention, we have manipulated the motion coherence level of the adaptation stimuli. Our results suggested that the removal of attention through an irrelevant task modulated the MAE's magnitude moderately and that such an effect depends on the stimulus strength. We also showed that the MAE still persists with subthreshold and unattended stimuli, suggesting that perhaps attention is not required for the complete development of the MAE.
Citation: Perception
PubDate: 2024-06-03T07:25:49Z
DOI: 10.1177/03010066241252390
- The psychometrics of rating facial attractiveness using different response
scales-
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Authors: Robin S.S. Kramer, Kay L. Ritchie, Tessa R. Flack, Michael O. Mireku, Alex L. Jones
Abstract: Perception, Ahead of Print.
Perceiving facial attractiveness is an important behaviour across psychological science due to these judgments having real-world consequences. However, there is little consensus on the measurement of this behaviour, and practices differ widely. Research typically asks participants to provide ratings of attractiveness across a multitude of different response scales, with little consideration of the psychometric properties of these scales. Here, we make psychometric comparisons across nine different response scales. Specifically, we analysed the psychometric properties of a binary response, a 0–100 scale, a visual analogue scale, and a set of Likert scales (1–3, 1–5, 1–7, 1–8, 1–9, 1–10) as tools to measure attractiveness, calculating a range of commonly used statistics for each. While certain properties suggested researchers might choose to favour the 1–5, 1–7 and 1–8 scales, we generally found little evidence of an advantage for one scale over any other. Taken together, our investigation provides consideration of currently used techniques for measuring facial attractiveness and makes recommendations for researchers in this field.
Citation: Perception
PubDate: 2024-05-23T07:17:53Z
DOI: 10.1177/03010066241256221
- Effects of fundamental frequency changes on spoken sound loudness
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Authors: Jonathan P. Evans, Kueihong Lin, Alexander N. Savostyanov
Abstract: Perception, Ahead of Print.
This study aimed to investigate the perception of loudness in response to changes in fundamental frequency (F0) in spoken sounds, as well as the influence of linguistic background on this perceptual process. The results revealed that participants perceived changes in F0 to have accompanying changes in loudness, with a trend of lower F0 sounds being perceived as louder than higher F0 sounds. This finding contrasts with previous studies on pure tones, where increases in frequency typically led to increases in loudness. Furthermore, the study examined differences between two distinct groups of participants: Chinese-speaking and English-speaking individuals. It was observed that English-speaking participants exhibited a greater sensitivity to minor intensity changes compared to Chinese-speaking participants. This discrepancy in sensitivity suggests that linguistic background may play a significant role in shaping the perception of loudness in spoken sound. The study's findings contribute to our understanding of how F0 variations are perceived in terms of loudness, and highlight the potential impact of language experience on this perceptual process.
Citation: Perception
PubDate: 2024-05-23T07:14:13Z
DOI: 10.1177/03010066241249451
- Book Review: Sensory Individuals: Unimodal and Multimodal Perspectives by
Aleksandra Mroczko-Wąsowicz and Rick Grush (Eds.)-
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Authors: Patrick Bruns
Abstract: Perception, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Perception
PubDate: 2024-05-16T07:38:32Z
DOI: 10.1177/03010066241254337
- Discrepancies in perceived humanness between spatially filtered and
unfiltered faces and their associations with uncanny feelings-
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Authors: Motohiro Ito, Atsunobu Suzuki
Abstract: Perception, Ahead of Print.
Human and artificial features that coexist in certain types of human-like robots create a discrepancy in perceived humanness and evoke uncanny feelings in human observers. However, whether this perceptual mismatch in humanness occurs for all faces, and whether it is related to the uncanny feelings toward them, is unknown. We investigated this by examining perceived humanness for a variety of natural images of robot and human faces with different spatial frequency (SF) information: that is, faces with only low SF, middle SF, and high SF information, and intact (spatially unfiltered) faces. Uncanny feelings elicited by these faces were also measured. The results showed perceptual mismatches that LSF, MSF, and HSF faces were perceived as more human than intact faces. This was particularly true for intact robot faces that looked slightly human, which tended to evoke strong uncanny feelings. Importantly, the mismatch in perceived humanness between the intact and spatially filtered faces was positively correlated with uncanny feelings toward intact faces. Given that the human visual system performs SF analysis when processing faces, the perceptual mismatches observed in this study likely occur in real life for all faces, and as such might be a ubiquitous source of uncanny feelings in real-life situations.
Citation: Perception
PubDate: 2024-05-16T07:38:13Z
DOI: 10.1177/03010066241252355
- Consistent social information perceived in animated backgrounds improves
ensemble perception of facial expressions-
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Authors: Mengfei Zhao, Jun Wang
Abstract: Perception, Ahead of Print.
Observers can rapidly extract the mean emotion from a set of faces with remarkable precision, known as ensemble coding. Previous studies have demonstrated that matched physical backgrounds improve the precision of ongoing ensemble tasks. However, it remains unknown whether this facilitation effect still occurs when matched social information is perceived from the backgrounds. In two experiments, participants decided whether the test face in the retrieving phase appeared more disgusted or neutral than the mean emotion of the face set in the encoding phase. Both phases were paired with task-irrelevant animated backgrounds, which included either the forward movement trajectory carrying the “cooperatively chasing” information, or the backward movement trajectory conveying no such chasing information. The backgrounds in the encoding and retrieving phases were either mismatched (i.e., forward and backward replays of the same trajectory), or matched (i.e., two identical forward movement trajectories in Experiment 1, or two different forward movement trajectories in Experiment 2). Participants in both experiments showed higher ensemble precisions and better discrimination sensitivities when backgrounds matched. The findings suggest that consistent social information perceived from memory-related context exerts a context-matching facilitation effect on ensemble coding, and more importantly, this effect is independent of consistent physical information.
Citation: Perception
PubDate: 2024-05-10T06:53:57Z
DOI: 10.1177/03010066241253073
- Flicker and reading speed: Effects on individuals with visual sensitivity
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Authors: Caitlin A Laycox, Rory Thompson, Jasmine A Haggerty, Arnold J Wilkins, Sarah M Haigh
Abstract: Perception, Ahead of Print.
Flicker and patterns of stripes in the modern environment can evoke visual illusions, discomfort migraine, and seizures. We measured reading speed while striped and less striped texts were illuminated with LED lights. In Experiment 1, the lights flickered at 60 Hz and 120 Hz compared to 60 kHz (perceived as steady light). In Experiment 2, the lights flickered at 60 Hz or 600 Hz (at which frequency the phantom array is most visible), and were compared to continuous light. Two types of text were used: one containing words with high horizontal autocorrelation (striped) and another containing words with low autocorrelation (less striped). We measured the number of illusions participants saw in the Pattern Glare (PG) Test. Overall, reading speed was slowest during the 60 Hz and 600 Hz flicker and was slower when reading the high autocorrelation text. Interestingly, the low PG group showed greater effects of flicker on reading speed than the high PG group, which tended to be slower overall. In addition, reading speed in the high PG group was reduced when the autocorrelation of the text was high. These findings suggest that uncomfortable visual environments reduce reading efficiency, the more so in individuals who are visually sensitive.
Citation: Perception
PubDate: 2024-05-07T06:21:48Z
DOI: 10.1177/03010066241252066
- The characteristics of the implicit body model of the trunk
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Authors: Simon Pratt, Benedict M. Wand, Dana A. Hince, Mervyn J. Travers, Lee Schneider, Sara Kelly, William Gibson
Abstract: Perception, Ahead of Print.
Knowing where the body is in space requires reference to a stored model of the size and shape of body parts, termed the body model. This study sought to investigate the characteristics of the implicit body model of the trunk by assessing the position sense of midline and lateral body landmarks. Sixty-nine healthy participants localised midline and lateral body landmarks on their thorax, waist and hips, with perceived positions of these landmarks compared to actual positions. This study demonstrates evidence of a significant distortion of the implicit body model of the trunk, presenting as a squatter trunk, wider at the waist and hips. A significant difference was found between perceived and actual location in the horizontal (x) and vertical (y) directions for the majority of trunk landmarks. Evidence of a rightward bias was noted in the perception of six of the nine body landmarks in the horizontal (x) direction, including all midline levels. In the vertical (y) direction, a substantial inferior bias was evident at the thorax and waist. The implicit body model of the trunk is shown to be distorted, with the lumbar spine (waist-to-hip region) held to be shorter and wider than reality.
Citation: Perception
PubDate: 2024-05-06T05:25:25Z
DOI: 10.1177/03010066241248120
- Book Review: Cognition in the Real World by Smith, A. D.
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Authors: Szonya Durant
Abstract: Perception, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Perception
PubDate: 2024-04-23T08:38:58Z
DOI: 10.1177/03010066241245038
- Influence of trajectory and contrast on dynamic visual acuity in elite
team sports players-
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Authors: Lluïsa Quevedo-Junyent, Marc Argilés
Abstract: Perception, Ahead of Print.
Dynamic visual acuity (DVA) is considered an essential component for studying the visual function, especially in challenging environments like team sports. Beyond frequent comparative studies, much information is still lacking about the mechanisms underlying DVA and possible differences in stimulus presentation. It is crucial to understand the performance of DVA under different conditions of contrast and trajectories to achieve more specific data and better ecological validity of measurements. Fifty-five top professional male Spanish athletes, including 23 soccer, 14 basketball, and 18 water polo players were selected. Static visual acuity (SVA) was evaluated at 5 m. DVA was determined at 2 m under combined conditions of velocity (52°/s), three trajectories (horizontal, diagonal 45° and 135°) and two contrasts (99.7% and 13%). Significant differences in most DVA conditions measurements show that the best scores correspond to horizontal, over diagonal trajectories, and high contrast. The correlation between SVA and DVA showed a different relationship depending on the contrast conditions. Professional soccer, basketball, and water polo players have similar characteristics with reference to all the DVA evaluated conditions.
Citation: Perception
PubDate: 2024-04-22T08:14:20Z
DOI: 10.1177/03010066241248077
- AVA Christmas Meeting Abstracts 2023
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Abstract: Perception, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Perception
PubDate: 2024-04-02T06:59:25Z
DOI: 10.1177/03010066241239296
- An interesting multistable tiling percept in a painting by Charles Sheeler
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Authors: Eric Altschuler
Abstract: Perception, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Perception
PubDate: 2024-03-28T07:51:43Z
DOI: 10.1177/03010066241237451
- Increase in speed eliminates duration expansion of a novel motion stimulus
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Authors: Shunsuke Sakai, Akira Sarodo, Katsumi Watanabe
Abstract: Perception, Ahead of Print.
A novel motion stimulus is perceived to last longer than the subsequent motion stimulus moving in the opposite direction. A previous study suggested that the discrepancy in the processing latency for different onset types, as measured by reaction time, may play a role in this duration expansion. The present study examined whether the speed of motion stimuli influences this duration expansion. Experiment 1 demonstrated that the duration expansion ceased to occur when the stimulus speed increased. Experiment 2 showed that the increase in the speed reduced the reaction time for various onset types. However, the size of the changes in the reaction time did not match the reduction in the magnitude of the duration expansion observed in Experiment 1. These results suggest that the increase in speed eliminates the duration expansion of the novel motion stimulus, but the difference in the processing latency alone may not be the sole mechanism.
Citation: Perception
PubDate: 2024-03-11T10:45:53Z
DOI: 10.1177/03010066241237429
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