Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: Felt understanding is linked to intergroup relations. However, almost all of the studies linking felt understanding to intergroup relations have been conducted in a relation where ingroups and outgroups cohabit within a community having a shared superordinate political structure/system (cohabitating target). It is unclear whether this association generaliddzes to another relation that ingroups and outgroups live in separate communities with different superordinate systems (separate target). The present work investigates whether the predictive role of felt understanding in intergroup relations differs across the two targets—Chinese people in Japan (CIJ) and Chinese people outside of Japan (COJ). Data were collected in Japan by two online surveys among 536 Japanese (189 females) in 2021. Multigroup analysis found that felt understanding was linked to positive intergroup outcomes (positive action tendencies, outgroup trust, intergroup orientation) for both cohabiting and separate target conditions. Also, post hoc mediation analysis suggested that the cohabiting/separate target condition was positively related to felt understanding, and higher felt understanding, in turn, results in the outcomes. These results indicate that felt understanding can be beneficial even in intergroup relations not involving a shared superordinate system and that the level (not the effect) of felt understanding may be influenced by cohabiting/separate targets. Implications for consolidating peace in Japan–China relations are discussed, which may be relevant to other international relations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Thu, 07 Apr 2022 00:00:00 GMT
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: The choice of a strategy in a context of uncertainty such as the iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma game can be influenced by many factors. There is limited evidence about how these factors affect the cooperative choices when the player receives different types of feedback in terms of pay-off. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of peace attitudes and personality factors in cooperation choices. Forty-nine adults filled out the Peace Attitude Scale and the Big Five Questionnaire and were submitted to five versions of the iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma game (tit for tat, cooperate, unforgiving, random, and defect). The results showed that participants with high levels of peace attitude and friendliness cooperated more than participants with low levels of peace attitude and friendliness in tit for tat and cooperate settings, but changed strategy in the unforgiving, random, and defect settings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Thu, 07 Apr 2022 00:00:00 GMT
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: Sometimes nations at war have the support of their citizens, at other times, civilians with little tolerance for human casualties and violence demand peaceful solutions. This study examines why moral attitudes can erode during violent conflicts and what factors may explain how it happens. Using a random sample of civilians in a vulnerable lower- and middle-income country, Ukraine, we explore the consequences of exposure to a prolonged war. Specifically, we assess the relationship between vicarious war exposure and moral beliefs about violence subsequently including daily stressors and depressive symptoms as potential pathways between them. We find that civilians who report more vicarious exposure to an ongoing war are less likely to disapprove of violence. Daily stressors and depression further serve as important pathways linking war exposure to moral beliefs about violence. Our study illustrates the need for appropriate mental health services, stress management, and other critical interventions to help populations experiencing war and other traumatic occurrences. It also suggests that future studies should pay particular attention to how vital life events affect individual beliefs and attitudes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Thu, 24 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMT
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: The advent of autonomous weapons brings intriguing opportunities and significant ethical dilemmas. This article examines how increasing weapon autonomy affects approval of military strikes resulting in collateral damage, perception of their ethicality, and blame attribution for civilian fatalities. In our experimental survey of U.S. citizens, we presented participants with scenarios describing a military strike with the employment of weapon systems with different degrees of autonomy. The results show that as weapon autonomy increases, the approval and perception of the ethicality of a military strike decreases. However, the level of blame toward commanders and operators involved in the strike remains constant regardless of the degree of autonomy. Our findings suggest that public attitudes to military strikes are, to an extent, dependent on the level of weapon autonomy. Yet, in the eyes of ordinary citizens, this does not take away the moral responsibility for collateral damage from human entities as the ultimate “moral agents.” (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Mon, 21 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMT
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: This article presents a qualitative analysis of far-right Serbian political groups’ positions on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) rights. The present research identified perceived symbolic and moral group boundaries associated with symbolic, realistic, and group esteem threats underlying far-right Serbian groups’ opposition to LGBTQ rights. Simultaneously categorizing LGBTQ people as national outgroup aggressors and ingroup deviants, these boundaries blur ingroup–outgroup distinctions and thereby complicate theoretical understanding of the interplay between group categorization, threat perception, and support for human rights. The findings can inform models incorporating multiple types of boundaries and threats to further explain the relationship between threat and human rights attitudes and behaviors. The identified mechanisms also contribute to understanding the social antecedents of right-wing authoritarianism and the relationship between past conflicts and present human rights behaviors. The findings highlight the importance of a relativist approach to human rights, suggesting that context-specific boundaries and perceived threats play a role in the affordance of rights and duties. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Thu, 17 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMT
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: Important but broad values such as “social responsibility” are understood differently by different groups, understandings that often reflect the values and traits of the ingroup. This research examines whether the tendency to project the characteristics of the ingroup onto understandings of “social responsibility” correlates with negative intergroup attitudes as would be expected on the basis of the ingroup projection literature. Building on recent research, we also examined whether reassuring people of their group’s identification as socially responsible might remove the correlation between projection and negative outgroups attitudes without reducing the rate of projection. Two experimental studies using the ingroup projection model provide support for these expectations. The research was conducted at a secular university (N = 188) and a religious university (N = 69) that profess different understandings of social responsibility. At both universities, projection and negative attitudes were correlated when the ingroup’s membership in the broader category of socially responsible students was threatened and in the control condition, but not when their membership in the broader category was reassured. Importantly, the rates of projection did not differ across the three conditions (control, threat, and reassurance), suggesting that reassurance does not reduce projection, but rather changes its defensive nature. These findings suggest the value of reassuring groups of their membership within broad, abstract categories, as it may allow for the kinds of conceptual disagreements that make up healthy societal debate while simultaneously discouraging the tendency for those disagreements to spill over into more general negative intergroup attitudes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Thu, 13 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: Dehumanization has played a prominent role in myriad human atrocities, which inspired us to investigate its social–cognitive basis. Since dehumanization consists of perceiving another to lack a defining human essence, scholars have suggested the process is grounded in psychological essentialism, the belief that members of a group all share an underlying essence. Indeed, Americans’ essentialist thinking predicted their blatant dehumanization of various national outgroups (Study 1). After demonstrating this relationship, we attempted to mitigate dehumanization by reducing the tendency to think in an essentialist manner. Subjects led to hold an incremental theory about human traits (Study 2) or led to question the biological basis of racial differences (Study 3) subsequently expressed less psychological essentialism (limited to the specific aspect of biological essentialism in Study 3), and these reductions in essentialism predicted lower dehumanization. Despite these indirect effects, we generally failed to observe mean differences in dehumanization between experimental conditions, so we encourage future research to investigate third variables that may suppress the effect of essentialism-reducing interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Thu, 11 Nov 2021 00:00:00 GMT
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: First, based on self-categorization theory, we conceptualize multilevel forms of collective identity, namely embedded and dis-embedded identity. These describe different forms of the identification with one’s religious community and one’s society as well as the perception of the (dis-)embeddedness of one’s community within or from one’s society. For the purpose of validation, we analyze data from five cross-sectional samples of religious communities within different societies. The data provide support for our conceptualizations. Second, we examine the predictive value of embedded and dis-embedded identity for (in)tolerance of religious groups toward disapproved outgroups such as atheists, feminists, homosexuals, or Muslims. Based on self-categorization theory and the disapproval–respect model of tolerance, we deduce the conceptual match between (dis-)embedded identity and (in)tolerance. Also, tolerance is proposed as the reasonable response to intergroup conflicts. We hypothesize embedded identity to positively predict but dis-embedded identity to negatively predict tolerance. Data from three longitudinal samples of religious communities within different societies are analyzed. The results provide partial support for the positive relation between embedded identity and tolerance but consistent support for the negative relation between dis-embedded identity and tolerance. The implications for tolerance of and for religious communities in modern societies are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Thu, 28 Oct 2021 00:00:00 GMT
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: The present study investigates the role of two risk factors (exposure to continuous traumatic stress and unemployment) and two psychological stress-related factors (resilience and coping) on individuals’ emotional state during the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. The data were collected using online questionnaire from 778 individuals in April 2020 during Israel’s first lockdown. Israeli citizens who had been exposed for many years to recurrent missile attacks (n = 379) reported higher rates of anxiety and stress following the COVID-19 lockdown and lower rates of resilience, compared with those residing in regions not exposed to missile attacks. During the lockdown, unemployed participants (n = 416), in comparison with working respondents, reported more depression and stress, lower resilience, and greater use of behavioral and mental disengagement coping strategies. The results showed that resilience (β = −.38, p < .001) is associated with lower depression, anxiety, and stress, whereas the more frequent use of disengagement coping (β = .31, p < .001) is associated with higher depression, anxiety, and stress. Furthermore, resilience was shown to moderate the association between disengagement coping and emotional state. Findings suggest that exposure to continuous traumatic stress and unemployment may comprise potential risk factors for psychological difficulties during COVID-19 lockdown, whereas resilience and applying less disengagement coping can be considered protective factors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Thu, 07 Oct 2021 00:00:00 GMT
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: Reviews the books, Gandhi and the Psychology of Nonviolence: Volume 1, Scientific Roots and Development by V. K. Kool and Rita Agrawal (2020) and Gandhi and the Psychology of Nonviolence: Volume 2, Applications Across Psychological Science by V. K. Kool and Rita Agrawal (2020). Volume I presents an overview of Gandhi’s approach to nonviolence, argues that many of his insights into the human psyche have been confirmed by later psychological research, and summarizes attempts by psychologists to measure and model nonviolence. Volume II applies Gandhian thought and practice to a number of areas of psychology, including psychology of education, technology, organizational psychology, and psychology of religion and morality.Significantly, the first chapter of this volume addresses environmental sociology, stressing that Gandhi’s notion of nonviolence extends to all living beings, including the planet itself. The reviewer believes that these volumes constitute an important advance in the psychology of nonviolence and peace. He would advise those interested in learning Gandhian insights into particular topics in psychology such as environmental psychology, educational psychology, the psychology of technology, and community and organizational psychology to consult the relevant chapters in volume II. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Thu, 07 Oct 2021 00:00:00 GMT
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: This article examines how victims of political violence pursue and enhance their agency in the reconciliation process. By investigating biographical narratives of the survivors of democides in South Korea, this study offers empirical evidence of victims’ approach to reconciliation. Specifically, the findings present that victims understood agency as something that enables them to contribute to justice and social transformation, consider morality as important as agency promotion, and do not see victims as their primary in-group for social reconciliation. This article will provide contextual explanations of how such responses can be interpreted in terms of victims’ agency in structural inequality. Moreover, it will discuss the theoretical significance of these findings in relation to three conceptual assumptions of emotional needs: agency restoration outside the victim–perpetrator dyad; the duality/complexity of emotional needs; and the roles of victims’ self-identity in reconciliation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Mon, 27 Sep 2021 00:00:00 GMT
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: This research examines the impact of COVID-19 fear on attitudes toward Chinese depending on the context of propagation of COVID-19. We predicted that COVID-19 fear was linked to negative attitudes toward Chinese people, especially when the spread of the virus was external (in China; vs. when the spread was internal with transmission within the French ingroup). We collected data online (N = 403) when COVID-19 was being transmitted externally, outside of France (Phase 1) and after transmission between French people had begun (Phase 2). We measured COVID-19 fear and attitudes toward Chinese people. Our hypothesis was supported. COVID-19 fear was linked to more negative attitudes toward Chinese people only in Phase 1. This study highlights individuals’ adoption of defence strategies is dependent on the societal context surrounding the threat. We also discuss the potential to promote peace and reduce conflict by focusing on internal crises versus external threats. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Mon, 13 Sep 2021 00:00:00 GMT
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: Reviews the book, Empowered Boundaries: Speaking Truth, Setting Boundaries, and Inspiring Social Change by Christien Storm (2018). In this book Storm, a mental health therapist, untangles the personal, professional, familial, and ancestral threads associated with boundaries. She does this by inviting the reader to discover a dynamic threshold between self and other. The publisher’s book description of Empowered Boundaries rightly purports the book’s rich offering of practical skill sets for utilizing boundaries from the personal sphere to the political sphere. Storm, however, goes much further and deeper when suggesting how to exercise these skills. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Thu, 02 Sep 2021 00:00:00 GMT
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: Reviews the books, World Peace (And How We Can Achieve It) by Alex Bellamy (2019); Transformative Pacifism: Critical Theory and Practice by Andrew Fiala (2018), Emancipatory and Participatory Methodologies in Peace, Critical, and Community Psychology edited by Mohamed Seedat et al. (2016); People Power: Fighting for Peace from the First World War to the Present by Lyn Smith (2017); and Routledge Handbook of Environmental Conflict and Peacebuilding by Ashok Swain and Joakim Öjendal (2018). The range of books reviewed here highlights the scope of our collegial community’s work in peace. They further underscore the breadth of theoretical and practical approaches that can be, and are being, taken, from making a personal commitment to peace to encouraging local, regional, and global communities to further their peace efforts. Each of these texts aims to provide inspiration and foster creative approaches for those in the field of peace, including but not limited to peace psychologists. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) PubDate: Mon, 23 Aug 2021 00:00:00 GMT
Subscription journal
