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Journal of Low Temperature Physics
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.471  Citation Impact (citeScore): 1 Number of Followers: 9  Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)ISSN (Print) 1573-7357 - ISSN (Online) 0022-2291 Published by Springer-Verlag  [2468 journals]
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- Effect of Residual Thermal Stress on the Effective Magnetostriction of
Ferromagnetic Particles–Superconducting Matrix-
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Abstract: Abstract Based on the Mori–Tanaka method and Eshelby's equivalent inclusions theory, a general analytical expression for the effective magnetostriction of ferromagnetic particles–superconducting matrix composites is deduced under the consideration of residual thermal stress. By calculation, the variation rules of effective magnetostriction and effective thermal expansion coefficient affected by residual thermal stresses are investigated for different inclusions radius ratios, volume fraction ratios, and elastic modulus ratios of the material. The results show that the residual thermal stress has a significant effect on the effective magnetostriction of ferromagnetic particle-superconducting matrix composites.
PubDate: 2023-12-06
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- Quantum Anisotropic Antiferromagnetic Heisenberg Model for Description of
Magnetic Properties at Low Temperatures from KTb(WO4)2-
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Abstract: Abstract Low-dimensional magnetic materials have attracted the attention of several researchers in recent decades, mainly because of the exotic magnetic properties and superconductivity of some of these materials. One of these materials is KTb(WO \(_4\) ) \(_2\) , generally considered a prototype of the 2D Ising model. However, KTb(WO \(_4\) ) \(_2\) has some peculiarities in its magnetization behaviour under a magnetic field low-temperature regime. This peculiarity especially concerns the nonlinear dependence of magnetization to an applied magnetic field which is a behaviour that cannot be described using a pure two-dimensional Ising model. KTb(WO \(_4\) ) \(_2\) undergoes a metamagnetic phase transition at low temperatures, and we believe that such behaviour may be related to quantum effects and high magnetic anisotropy. Therefore, KTb(WO \(_4\) ) \(_2\) cannot be a perfect prototype for the 2D Ising model. In this work, we present a proposal to use the anisotropic quantum Heisenberg model to describe the magnetic properties of the KTb(WO \(_4\) ) \(_2\) quasi-doublet. Our main objective is to describe nonlinear magnetic properties at the low-temperature regime (T < 0.5 K). To achieve our objective, we simulate the magnetic properties of the material considering the anisotropy parameter \(\Delta\) values via quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) and compare the results to published experimental data. For comparison, we plot diagrams of magnetization versus field and susceptibility as a T function of temperature. Our results show close agreement with the experimental data, especially at low temperatures and for intermediate values of the magnetic anisotropy parameter.
PubDate: 2023-12-02
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- Comparison of Superconducting Properties of Bulk MgB2 Samples with Pyrene
Additive Produced by B Powder and C encapsulated B Powder-
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Abstract: Abstract In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of using B powder and C encapsulated B powder as a precursor during the production process of MgB2 with the addition of pyrene (C16H10) were investigated. Two MgB2 bulk samples with the addition of 10 wt % C16H10 of 1 g MgB2 were produced by the in-situ method using B powder and C encapsulated B powder. The C encapsulated B powder as a precursor was prepared by adding 10% C16H10 as a C source. From XRD and SEM analysis, a greater increase in MgO phase and a greater decrease in a-lattice parameter were observed for the sample produced with B, compared to the sample produced with C encapsulated B. The curves of critical current density (Jc) at 5 K showed a similar character for both samples. The Jc values at 5 K in self field were respectively obtained as 1.52 × 105 A/cm2 and 1.90 × 105 A/cm2 for the samples produced by B and C encapsulated B. The decrement ratio of in-field Jc at 20 K was less affected by increasing magnetic field for the sample produced using C encapsulated B due to the relatively higher increase in the irreversibility field (Hirr) and the upper critical magnetic field (Hc2) values. The Jc values at 20 K and 3 T were respectively determined as 1.49 × 104 A/cm2 and 1.93 × 104 A/cm2 for the samples produced with B and C encapsulated B.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
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- Film Thickness Dependence of the Critical Temperature of Superconductivity
of LSCO Films: A Bipolaron Model Approach-
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Abstract: Abstract The superconductivity of (001) oriented La \(_{1.85}\) Sr \(_{0.15}\) CuO \(_{4}\) cuprate films with different film thicknesses ( \(d_{\text{f}}\) ) is considered within the bipolaronic mechanism of high- \(T_{\text{c}}\) superconductivity. It is supposed that high- \(T_{\text{c}}\) superconductivity of the cuprates is due to Bose–Einstein condensation of an ideal gas of the intersite bipolarons, and therefore, the critical temperature of superconductivity ( \(T_{\text{c}}\) ) is associated with the Bose–Einstein condensation temperature ( \(T_{\text{BEC}}\) ) of the intersite bipolarons. Taking the extended Holstein–Hubbard model as a basis for the cuprate films, a relation between \(T_{\text{BEC}}\) of the ideal gas of the intersite bipolarons of the La \(_{1.85}\) Sr \(_{0.15}\) CuO \(_{4}\) film and the film thickness is established. It is shown that the calculated values of \(T_{\text{BEC}}\) of the ideal gas of the intersite bipolarons of La \(_{1.85}\) Sr \(_{0.15}\) CuO \(_{4}\) films grown on LaSrAlO \(_4\) and SrTiO \(_3\) substrates correlate (and at certain values of thickness satisfactorily agree) with the experimental values of \(T_{\text{c}}\) of the above systems. This article is the first theoretical work, according to our knowledge, that shows the fundamental possibility of studying the thickness dependence of the high- \(T_{\text{c}}\) superconductivity of the cuprate films within the framework of the bipolaronic Bose–Einstein condensation scenario.
PubDate: 2023-12-01
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- Design of Flat All-Dielectric Metasurface Lens for Antenna-Coupled
Transition-Edge Sensor Bolometers-
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Abstract: Abstract The focal plane of a telescope for cosmic microwave background (CMB) observation typically contains a large-scale array of transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers. Polarized planar antennas are easy to fabricate and integrate, compared to commonly used horn antennas in receiving modules. In order to enhance the directivity and coupling efficiency, a planar antenna is generally equipped with a hyper-hemispherical silicon lens. However, a Si lens has a large volume, and the fabrication and assembly processes are complex. A flat all-dielectric metasurface lens is proposed to replace Si-lens to converge beam and increase gain of a slot antenna. The all-dielectric structure of silicon holes with sub-wavelength thickness can change the volumetric fill factor to adjust the local effective refractive index, and thus manipulate the shape of wavefront while ensuring high transmission efficiency. The meta-lens was found to exhibit high gain, low cross polarization and good beam symmetry, as verified by simulated electric field amplitude distribution and far-field patterns at 225 GHz using CST microwave studio suite. The detector array and the meta-lens array can both be fabricated using standard planar photolithography technology, and the combination has the potential to achieve larger scale arrays.
PubDate: 2023-11-24
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- High-Performance Ti Transition-Edge Sensor-based Photon-Number Resolving
Detectors-
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Abstract: Abstract Superconducting transition-edge sensor (TES)-based single-photon detectors with high detection efficiency, low dark count rate and photon-number resolving capability are suitable for many scientific applications. We have developed a high-performance Ti TES-based single-photon detector at a working wavelength of about 1550 nm. The TES with a critical temperature of around 200 mK has an active area of 10 μm × 10 μm, which is manually aligned to an ultra-high numerical aperture fiber with a mode field diameter of 4 μm, leading to a nearly perfect coupling efficiency. The Ti TES integrated into an optical cavity consisting of a dielectric mirror and an anti-reflection coating exhibits an absorption efficiency of 97% at 1550 nm. The fabricated TES shows an energy resolution of 0.21 eV using a 1540 nm pulsed source, and it can resolve up to 20 photons. The measured system detection efficiency is 95% ± 0.4%.
PubDate: 2023-11-23
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- Thermoelectric Single-Photon Detection Through Superconducting Tunnel
Junctions-
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Abstract: Abstract Bipolar thermoelectricity in tunnel junctions between superconductors of different energy gap has been recently predicted and experimentally demonstrated. This effect showed thermovoltages up to \(\pm 150\;\mu\) V at milliKelvin temperatures. Thus, superconducting tunnel junctions can be exploited to realize a passive single-photon thermoelectric detector \(\mathrm{{TED}}\) operating in the broadband range 15 GHz - 50 PHz. In particular, this detector is expected to show a signal-to-noise ratio of about 15 down to \(\nu =50\) GHz and an operating window of more than 4 decades. Therefore, the \(\mathrm{{TED}}\) might find applications in quantum computing, telecommunications, optoelectronics, spectroscopy and astro-particle physics.
PubDate: 2023-11-19
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- Influence of Temperature and Spin–Orbit Interaction on the Effective
Mass of Polaron in an Anisotropic Quantum Dot-
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Abstract: Abstract Using the linear combination operator method and variational technique improved by Tokuda, we obtain the expression of the effective mass of a strong coupled polaron in an anisotropic quantum dot. Due to the spin–orbit interaction, the effective mass of the polaron splits into two branches. The dependence of effective mass on temperature, electron–phonon coupling strength, transverse and longitudinal confinement lengths, and velocity is discussed by numerical calculation. The theoretical results indicate that the effective mass of the polaron is an increasing function of temperature and electron–phonon coupling strength, but a decreasing function of transverse confinement length, longitudinal confinement length, and velocity. The absolute value of spin splitting effective mass increases with the increase of temperature and spin–orbit coupling parameter, but decreases with the increase of transverse confinement length, longitudinal confinement length, and velocity. Due to the heavy hole characteristic, the spin splitting effective mass is negative.
PubDate: 2023-11-17
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- Verification of Wiedemann–Franz Law in Silver with Moderate Residual
Resistivity Ratio-
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Abstract: Abstract Electrical and thermal transport were studied in a vacuum-annealed polycrystalline silver wire with residual resistivity ratio 200 – 400, in the temperature range 0.1 \(-\) 1.2 K and in magnetic fields up to 5 T. Both at zero field and at 5 T the wire exhibits the Wiedemann–Franz law with the fundamental Lorenz number, contrary to an earlier report (Gloos et al., in Cryogenics 30:14–18, 1990). Our result demonstrates that silver is an excellent material for thermal links in ultra-low-temperature experiments operating at high magnetic fields.
PubDate: 2023-11-08
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- Interfacial Microstructures of Nb3Sn–NbTi Joints Fabricated via
Resistive Welding-
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Abstract: Abstract Nb3Sn and NbTi superconducting joints were fabricated successfully via resistive welding technology. After long periods of heat treatment, Nb3Sn joints with a Nb3Sn block that surrounded Nb3Sn wires were prepared. The Nb3Sn block was welded together with the NbTi wires to form a joint without intermediate layers between them. The shortest path to conduct the superconducting current contributed to improving joint performance and reducing joint resistance. We investigated microstructural changes in Nb3Sn–NbTi superconducting joints. This type of joint has two interfaces: the interface between the Nb3Sn wires and the Nb3Sn block and the interface between the Nb3Sn block and the NbTi wires. Both interfaces are essential for conducting the superconducting current. We can improve our understanding of the underlying mechanism in the current path by investigating the microstructures of these joints. Results showed that Nb3Sn was welded together with NbTi, and the joint exhibited excellent performance. The resistance of the joint was lower than 2 × 10−13 Ω under a background field of 1.25 T, which can meet most applications of Nb3Sn magnets.
PubDate: 2023-11-03
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- Aliasing Effect on Flux Ramp Demodulation: Nonlinearity in the Microwave
Squid Multiplexer-
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Abstract: Abstract A novel system formed by a Microwave Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) Multiplexer ( \(\mu\) MUX) and a room temperature electronics employs frequency division multiplexing (FDM) technique to read out multiple cryogenic detectors. Since the detector signal is embedded in the phase of the SQUID signal, a Digital Quadrature Demodulator (DQD) is widely implemented to recover it. However, the DQD also generates a signal that aliases into the first Nyquist zone affecting the demodulated detector signal. In this work, we demonstrate how this spurious signal is generated and a mathematical model of it is derived and validated. In addition, we discuss different proposals to improve the attenuation of this undesired signal. Lastly, we implement one of the proposals in our readout system. Our measurements show an enhancement in the spurious signal attenuation of more than 35 dB. As a result, this work contributes to attenuate the spurious below the system noise.
PubDate: 2023-11-01
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- Investigation of Physical Properties of (Nano-SmIG)/(Bi, Pb)-2212 Phase
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Abstract: Abstract In this study, the impact of adding samarium iron garnet (Sm3Fe5O12; SmIG) nanoparticles to the (Bi1.6Pb0.4)Sr1.9Ca0.9Y0.2Cu2.1O8+δ ((Bi, Pb)-2212) superconductor was investigated. The conventional solid-state reaction method was utilized to synthesize (SmIG)x(Bi, Pb)-2212 phase with different concentrations (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, and 2 wt%). The structure, the morphology, and the elemental composition were tested using X-ray powder diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), respectively. Filling of pores and voids validated the impact of the added nano-SmIG on intergrain connections. The enhancement in oxygen content was verified by iodometric titration analysis. The superconducting transition temperature (Tc) and the critical current density (Jc) showed best enhancement with the addition of nano-SmIG up to x = 0.75 wt%, having values of 91.02 K and 373.95 A/cm2, respectively. The fluctuations in the superconducting properties were explained via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) by studying the elemental composition and oxidation states for all elements. Vickers microhardness (Hv) investigations were carried out at different applied loads and indentation time of 20 s, where Hv reached its highest value at x = 0.25 wt%. Based on Hv values, the modified proportional sample resistance (MPSR) model offered the most suitable theoretical model to elucidate the experimental data.
PubDate: 2023-11-01
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- Thermodynamic Properties of Conical Quantum Dot Modulated by External
Fields and Rashba Spin–Orbit Interaction-
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Abstract: Abstract In this paper, we present a thorough examination of several critical thermodynamic properties of a cylindrical cone-shaped GaAs quantum dot exposed to electric and magnetic fields, as well as the Rashba spin–orbit interaction. Mean energy, heat capacity, free energy, entropy, and magnetocaloric effect are among the thermodynamic characteristics investigated. To derive the eigenenergies of the system, we solve the one-particle time-independent Schrödinger equation. Following that, we assess the thermodynamic properties of the quantum dot and identify a relationship between these properties and various parameters such as temperature, magnetic field, and Rashba spin–orbit interaction parameter. We observe the mean energy first rises with temperature before stabilizing. Free energy diminishes while the heat capacity fluctuates before falling. The system's entropy stabilizes with high temperature with the maximum possible disorder. Different effects are produced by varying magnetic field strengths. Reduced intensity increases free energy and entropy while improving mean energy, heat capacity, and the magnetocaloric effect. Free energy, entropy, and entropy change are all enhanced by the Rashba spin–orbit interaction parameter, whereas heat capacity and mean energy are reduced. Our research aims to explain the behavior of these thermodynamic quantities in the system and provide a better understanding of the underlying physics of quantum systems.
PubDate: 2023-10-13
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- BICEP Array: 150 GHz Detector Module Development
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Abstract: Abstract The Background Imaging of Cosmic Extragalactic Polarization (BICEP)/Keck (BK) collaboration is currently leading the quest for the highest-sensitivity measurements of the polarized cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies on a degree scale with a series of cryogenic telescopes, of which BICEP Array (BA) is the latest Stage-3 upgrade with a total of \(\sim\,\) 32,000 detectors. The instrument comprises 4 receivers spanning 30–270 GHz, with the low-frequency 30/40 GHz deployed to the South Pole Station in late 2019. The full complement of receivers is forecast to set the most stringent constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio r. Building on these advances, the overarching small-aperture telescope concept is already being used as the reference for further Stage-4 experiment design. This paper describes the development of the BICEP Array 150 GHz detector module and its fabrication requirements, with highlights on the high-density time division multiplexing (TDM) design of the cryogenic circuit boards. The low-impedance wiring required between the detectors and the first stage of superconducting quantum interference device amplifiers is crucial to maintaining a stable bias current on the detectors. A novel multi-layer FR4 Printed Circuit Board with superconducting traces, capable of reading out up to 648 detectors, is detailed along with its validation tests. An ultra-high-density TDM detector module concept we developed for a CMB-S4-like experiment that allows up to 1920 detectors to be read out is also presented. TDM has been chosen as the detector readout technology for the Cosmic Microwave Background Stage-4 (CMB-S4) experiment based on its proven low-noise performance, predictable costs, and overall maturity of the architecture. The heritage for TDM is rooted in mm- and sub-mm-wave experiments dating back 20 years and has since evolved to support a multiplexing factor of 64x in Stage-3 experiments.
PubDate: 2023-10-12
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- Analysis of Transport Loss Characteristics Based on Simplified Model of
Stacked Superconducting Tapes-
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Abstract: Abstract Transport loss of stacked high-temperature superconducting tapes is an important factor affecting their working performance, so it has always been an important research content of superconducting technology. However, the current simulation model for stacked superconducting tapes is slow and time-consuming when there are more stacked layers, which seriously affects the research process. In this paper, the homogenization model and simplified model of stacked superconducting tapes are built and compared with the original model, and the results show that the two models can both greatly improve the simulation speed and obtain the correct AC loss value, which proves their accuracy and reliability. Subsequently, the transport loss characteristics of superconducting tapes under different stacked conditions are simulated and analyzed using the simplified model. The results show that the transport loss of stacked superconducting tapes is positively correlated with the number of layers and negatively correlated with the stacked spacing.
PubDate: 2023-10-10
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- Magnetopolaron Energy Level in Parabolic Semi-exponential RbCl Quantum
Wells in Magnetic Impurity Field-
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Abstract: Abstract The polaron, a quasiparticle system formed by the interaction of electrons and phonons in quantum well (QW) materials, is very important for the photoelectric properties of low-dimensional materials. Therefore, the ground state binding energy (GSBE) and vibration frequency (VF) of magnetic-impurity polaron in a QW system subjected to parabolic potential in x and y directions and semi-exponential potential in z direction are studied by unitary transformation and variational method. We found that the VF and GSBE with magnetic field cyclotron frequency (MFCF), the parameter of the asymmetrical semi-exponential confinement potential (ASECP), effective confinement lengths (ECL) of the Coulombic impurity potential (CIP). The above results not only show the quantum size effect of materials but also provide a theoretical idea for regulating the polaron effect.
PubDate: 2023-10-09
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- Vortex Lattice Formation in Spin–Orbit-Coupled Spin-2 Bose–Einstein
Condensate Under Rotation-
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Abstract: Abstract We investigate the vortex lattice configuration in a rotating spin orbit-coupled spin-2 Bose–Einstein condensate confined in a quasi-two-dimensional harmonic trap. By considering the interplay between rotation frequency, spin–orbit couplings, and interatomic interactions, we explore a variety of vortex lattice structures emerging as a ground state solution. Our study focuses on the combined effects of spin–orbit coupling and rotation, analyzed by using the variational method for the single-particle Hamiltonian. We observe that the interplay between rotation and Rashba spin–orbit coupling gives rise to different effective potentials for the bosons. Specifically, at higher rotation frequencies, isotropic spin–orbit coupling leads to an effective toroidal potential, while fully anisotropic spin–orbit coupling results in a symmetric double-well potential. To obtain these findings, we solve the five coupled Gross–Pitaevskii equations for the spin-2 BEC with spin–orbit coupling under rotation. Notably, we find that the antiferromagnetic, cyclic, and ferromagnetic phases exhibit similar behavior at higher rotation.
PubDate: 2023-10-06
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- Enhanced Delivery and Detection of Terahertz Frequency Radiation from a
Quantum Cascade Laser Within Dilution Refrigerator-
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Abstract: Abstract We report on significant enhancements to the integration of terahertz (THz) quantum cascade lasers (QCL) and THz detection with a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) within a dilution refrigerator obtained by the inclusion of a multi-mesh 6 THz low-pass filter to block IR radiation, a Winston cone to focus light output, and gating the 2DEG for optimised sensitivity. We show that these improvements allow us to obtain a > 2.5 times reduced sample electron temperature (160 mK compared with 430 mK previously), during cyclotron resonance (CR) measurements of a 2DEG under QCL illumination. This opens up a route to performing sub-100 mK experiments using excitation by THz QCLs.
PubDate: 2023-10-05
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- Emergence of a Thermal Hysteresis of Electrical Resistance by Thinning in
1T-TiSe2-
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Abstract: Abstract We measured the temperature dependence of the resistance in thinned samples of a layered transition metal dichalcogenide 1T-TiSe2. As a result, a thermal hysteresis of resistance was discovered in most samples with a thickness of 10 μm or less, but not in samples thicker than 100 μm. The onset temperature of this hysteresis was almost the same as the onset temperature of the charge density wave (CDW) transition, suggesting that this hysteresis is related to the CDW. All the samples with hysteresis exhibited one or a few jumps of resistance in the 110–190 K range in cooling. Moreover, the hysteresis was related not only to the history of temperature below the CDW transition temperature, but also to that above the transition temperature. To interpret these anomalous results, we discuss the effect of impurities on the domain structure of the CDW.
PubDate: 2023-09-28
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- Effect of Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya and
Kaplan–Shekhtman–Entin–Wohlman–Aharony Interactions on Thermal
Entanglement of Heisenberg XYZ Chains Under External Magnetic Field-
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Abstract: Abstract This paper investigates quantum entanglement in a two-qubit Heisenberg XYZ system with x-components of the Kaplan–Shekhtman–Entin–Wohlman–Aharony and Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya couplings subjected to a uniform magnetic field along the x-axis. By the notion of concurrence, the influence of these two kinds of interactions on thermal entanglement is studied in detail for both antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic cases. By setting the coupling strength of the spin, we quickly recover the isotropic XY, anisotropic XY, and XXX Heisenberg models. Additionally, we demonstrate that the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya and Kaplan–Shekhtman–Entin–Wohlman–Aharony couplings are more beneficial control variables, raising the value of these parameters results in more substantial entanglement and an increased critical temperature \(T_c\) . Moreover, a significant magnetic field makes the system less entangled.
PubDate: 2023-09-17
DOI: 10.1007/s10909-023-02998-8
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