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International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.176  Citation Impact (citeScore): 1 Number of Followers: 9  Subscription journalISSN (Print) 1947-3176 - ISSN (Online) 1947-3184 Published by IGI Global  [146 journals]
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- Forecasting Telecommunication Network States on the Basis of Log Patterns
Analysis and Knowledge Graphs Modeling-
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Authors: Krinkin; Kirill, Vodyaho, Alexander Ivanovich, Kulikov, Igor, Zhukova, Nataly
Pages: 1 - 27
Abstract: The article proposes a state forecasting method for telecommunications networks (TN) that is based on the analysis of behavioral models observed on users' network devices. The method applies user behavior that makes it possible to forecast with more accuracy both the network parameters and the load at various back-ends. Suggested forecasts facilitate implementing reasonable reconfiguration of the TN. The new method proposed as a further development of TN states the forecasting method presented by the authors before. In this new version, forecasting algorithm users' behavioral models are involved. The models refer to a class of time diagrams of device transitions between different states. The novelty of the proposed method is that resulting TN models enable forecasting device state transitions represented in a device state diagram in the form of knowledge graph, in particular changes in loads of different back-ends. The provided case study for a subgroup of network devices demonstrated how their states can be forecasted using behavioral models obtained from log files.
Keywords: Networking and Telecommunications; Media & Communications; Telecommunications
Citation: International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems (IJERTCS), Volume: 13, Issue: 1 (2022) Pages: 1-27
PubDate: 2022-01-01T05:00:00Z
DOI: 10.4018/IJERTCS.311464
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 1 (2022)
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- One Approach to Improving Smart Environment Communication via the Security
Parameter-
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Authors: Behlilovic; Narves
Pages: 1 - 30
Abstract: Improving smart environment communication remains a final unachievable destination. Continuous optimization in smart environment communication is mandatory because of an emerging number of connected devices. Carefully observing its parameters and demands leads to acknowledging existing challenges and boundaries regarding areas covered with signal and possibilities of approaching network architecture, limited battery resources in certain nodes of network architecture, privacy, and security of existing data transfer. One approach to dealing with these communication challenges and boundaries is focusing on important technical parameters respectively, signal processing speed, communication nodes distance, and communication channel security. The aim of this article is to point out these most important communication parameters in smart environments and how changing those can affect communication. Its original contribution is represented in establishing principles for governing security parameters by using permanent magnets in order to produce Faraday's rotation and thus manipulate the whole process of communication in a smart environment.
Keywords: Networking and Telecommunications; Media & Communications; Telecommunications
Citation: International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems (IJERTCS), Volume: 13, Issue: 1 (2022) Pages: 1-30
PubDate: 2022-01-01T05:00:00Z
DOI: 10.4018/IJERTCS.313042
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 1 (2022)
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- A Digital Twin Model of the Smart City Communication Infrastructure
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Authors: Kislyakov; Sergey V.
Pages: 1 - 16
Abstract: Digital transformation in Industry 4.0 today is associated with the transition to cyber-physical systems through the use of digital twin technologies, the industrial Internet, Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, etc. In this work, an attempt of strict theory developing was made that would allow to determine, “what Digital Twin is” and to determine the place of the Digital Twin among other models. As a result, a cyber-physical Cross-Domain Model of Communication Service Provider and the model of the Digital Twin for the digital service provider was suggested. The models aim to meet new problems in communications management.
Keywords: Networking and Telecommunications; Media & Communications; Telecommunications
Citation: International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems (IJERTCS), Volume: 13, Issue: 1 (2022) Pages: 1-16
PubDate: 2022-01-01T05:00:00Z
DOI: 10.4018/IJERTCS.304803
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 1 (2022)
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- Improved Security Approach Based on AES Algorithm for LST Retrieval Using
Satellite Imagery in Radiation-Tolerant FPGAs-
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Authors: El Makhloufi; Assaad, Chekroun, Nisrine, El Adib, Samir, Raissouni, Naoufal
Pages: 1 - 17
Abstract: Transmission of sensitive data in space missions and particularly in satellite remote sensing to the ground station is exposed to multiple threats impacting the confidentiality of data, access unauthorized to the satellite system, in addition, the space environment causes several threats that can affect the hardware of satellites. This paper describes an improved approach to implement a secure Land Surface Temperature-Split Windows (LST-SW) algorithm based on the Advanced Encryption Standard using the Reconfigurable Dynamic Method for application on-board earth observation satellites implemented on radiation-tolerant Virtex-4QV FPGA. The experimental results showed that the proposed hardware secure implementation of the LST-SW algorithm using Xilinx Virtex-4QV FPGA achieves higher throughput of 907.644 Mbps sufficient for satellite remote sensing mission. Moreover, the suggested implementation consumes 4089 Slices and 4 BRAMs. Finally, the authors use security measurement analyses to verify the safety and performance of the proposed encryption LST-SW module.
Keywords: Networking and Telecommunications; Media & Communications; Telecommunications
Citation: International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems (IJERTCS), Volume: 13, Issue: 1 (2022) Pages: 1-17
PubDate: 2022-01-01T05:00:00Z
DOI: 10.4018/IJERTCS.302107
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 1 (2022)
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- Design and Implementation of a Reliable Reconfigurable Imaging System
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Authors: Khalifat; Jalal, Ebrahim, Ali
Pages: 1 - 17
Abstract: Because of SRAM sensitivity to radiation, SRAM-based FPGA systems deployed in harsh environments require error mitigation methods to reduce their overall downtime. This paper presents a fault-tolerant reconfigurable imaging system that relies on the DPR feature for correcting errors in the configuration memory and loading camera system IPs. The system reliability is evaluated by injecting faults in the FPGA configuration memory at runtime using the Xilinx SEM IP. The faults are injected internally using the Internal Configuration Access Port (ICAP), which is shared between the fault injection core and system parts. The results showed that 95% of the errors can by corrected automatically. This paper also proposes a fast-Built-in-Self-Test (BIST) mitigation technique to reduce the overall downtime in case of errors. This technique can reduce the recovery time by 80%. Moreover, Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) is used to increase the overall reliability without significantly increasing the resource overhead.
Keywords: Networking and Telecommunications; Media & Communications; Telecommunications
Citation: International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems (IJERTCS), Volume: 13, Issue: 1 (2022) Pages: 1-17
PubDate: 2022-01-01T05:00:00Z
DOI: 10.4018/IJERTCS.302108
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 1 (2022)
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- An Architecture of the Semantic Meta Mining Assistant for Adaptive
Domain-Oriented Data Processing-
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Authors: Jiafeng; Yang, Zhukova, Nataly, Lebedev, Sergey, Tianxing, Man
Pages: 1 - 38
Abstract: Data mining is applied in various domains for extracting knowledge from domain data. The efficiency of DM algorithms usage in practice depends on the context including data characteristics, task requirements, and available resources. Semantic meta mining is the technique of building DM workflows through algorithm/model selection using a description framework that clarifies the complex relationships between tasks, data, and algorithms at different stages in the DM process. In this article, an architecture of semantic meta mining assistant for domain-oriented data processing is proposed. A case study applied proposed architecture on time series classification tasks is discussed.
Keywords: Networking and Telecommunications; Media & Communications; Telecommunications
Citation: International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems (IJERTCS), Volume: 13, Issue: 1 (2022) Pages: 1-38
PubDate: 2022-01-01T05:00:00Z
DOI: 10.4018/IJERTCS.302111
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 1 (2022)
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- Real-Time Performance Analysis and Tuning of Embedded System
Virtualization Architecture Based on KVM-
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Authors: Mathew; Deepa, Jose, Bijoy Antony
Pages: 1 - 20
Abstract: Embedded systems are proceeding towards exploiting virtualization technology to have the benefits of Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) and General-Purpose Operating System (GPOS) in the same system. This combination provides both a timely and deterministic behavior and a general-purpose application codebase. There still exist concerns about the real-time responsiveness of RTOS running inside a Virtual Machine (VM). In this paper, the real-time performance of Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) virtualization architecture is analyzed on a multi-core system. Here, a preemptible Linux kernel with the PREEMPT_RT patch is used for RTOS, while a standard Linux kernel is used for GPOS. The interrupt latency inside the real-time guest VM is analyzed by applying various amounts of CPU, memory, and I/O stresses on the guest and host systems. A VM resource monitoring tool ‘VM_stat’ is developed to know the resource usage of the guest VMs, which is useful for effectively tuning the system. Different real-time tuning measures are applied on the host/guest systems and the performance is analyzed.
Keywords: Networking and Telecommunications; Media & Communications; Telecommunications
Citation: International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems (IJERTCS), Volume: 13, Issue: 1 (2022) Pages: 1-20
PubDate: 2022-01-01T05:00:00Z
DOI: 10.4018/IJERTCS.302113
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 1 (2022)
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- Time Synchronization Mechanisms for Spacefibre Networks and Their
Implementations-
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Authors: Suvorova; Elena
Pages: 1 - 21
Abstract: Most onboard embedded systems have real-time requirements. The SpaceFibre standard is developed for onboard local networks. However, the current version of the SpaceFibre standard does not specify any time synchronization mechanisms. The authors consider the mechanisms of time synchronization that are used in the data transmission standards, which are currently used for networks with real-time requirements. In the paper, the authors proposed possible time synchronization mechanisms for the SpaceFibre network, evaluate their characteristics. The authors proposed dynamically reconfigurable Local time controller for implementation of these mechanisms with ASIC.
Keywords: Networking and Telecommunications; Media & Communications; Telecommunications
Citation: International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems (IJERTCS), Volume: 13, Issue: 1 (2022) Pages: 1-21
PubDate: 2022-01-01T05:00:00Z
DOI: 10.4018/IJERTCS.302109
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 1 (2022)
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- An Improved Unified AES Implementation Using FPGA
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Authors: Prakash; Brahm, Gupta, Vrinda
Pages: 1 - 12
Abstract: Encryption is an essential process in electronic data transmission because it securely protects the data from unauthorized access. In this digital era, information and its security are of great concern with technology advancements. As we have entered into 5G technology that targets end-to-end security and speed to communicate with intelligent devices. These devices and systems need an AES module having both the operation as encryption and decryption in a single module to communicate in duplex mode to access the information in a real-time environment. This article has architecture of a unified module with modified round operation and has been implemented on Virtex-7 FPGA platform. Mix column adds vertical alteration in the algorithm and this design has managed the utilization of Mix column block to make an optimized AES algorithm. The unified AES has achieved a maximum frequency of 290.3MHz and resource utilization of 9416 slice LUTs design, including some modification in traditional AES, resulting in less resource utilization and high throughput.
Keywords: Networking and Telecommunications; Media & Communications; Telecommunications
Citation: International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems (IJERTCS), Volume: 13, Issue: 1 (2022) Pages: 1-12
PubDate: 2022-01-01T05:00:00Z
DOI: 10.4018/IJERTCS.302110
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 1 (2022)
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- Unsupervised Learning and Online Anomaly Detection
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Authors: Decker; Leticia, Leite, Daniel, Minarini, Francesco, Tisbeni, Simone Rossi, Bonacorsi, Daniele
Pages: 1 - 16
Abstract: The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) demands a huge amount of computing resources to deal with petabytes of data generated from High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments and user logs, which report user activity within the supporting Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG). An outburst of data and information is expected due to the scheduled LHC upgrade, viz., the workload of the WLCG should increase by 10 times in the near future. Autonomous system maintenance by means of log mining and machine learning algorithms is of utmost importance to keep the computing grid functional. The aim is to detect software faults, bugs, threats, and infrastructural problems. This paper describes a general-purpose solution to anomaly detection in computer grids using unstructured, textual, and unsupervised data. The solution consists in recognizing periods of anomalous activity based on content and information extracted from user log events. This study has particularly compared One-class SVM, Isolation Forest (IF), and Local Outlier Factor (LOF). IF provides the best fault detection accuracy, 69.5%.
Keywords: Networking and Telecommunications; Media & Communications; Telecommunications
Citation: International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems (IJERTCS), Volume: 13, Issue: 1 (2022) Pages: 1-16
PubDate: 2022-01-01T05:00:00Z
DOI: 10.4018/IJERTCS.302112
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 1 (2022)
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- Controlled Synthesis of Multifunctional Coatings by Micro-Arc Oxidation
Method-
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Authors: Pecherskaya; Ekaterina Anatol'evna, Golubkov, Pavel Evgen'evich, Karpanin, Oleg Valentinovich, Safronov, Maxim Igorevich, Zinchenko, Timur Olegovich, Artamonov, Dmitriy Vladimirovich
Pages: 1 - 32
Abstract: The article is devoted to the development of the methodology for the controlled synthesis of protective coatings by the micro-arc oxidation method in order to improve the efficiency of this technology and the quality of the obtained oxide layers. Methodology includes a mathematical model of a galvanic cell based on an equivalent electrical circuit, as well as a model of the interconnections between the technological parameters of the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) process and the properties of the obtained oxide layers based on graph theory. The indicated dependences are formalized using methods of regression and correlation analysis of experimental data. A technique for the controlled synthesis of MAO coatings using the obtained regression equations is proposed. The structure and functioning algorithm of an intelligent automated system for the controlled synthesis of MAO coatings are developed. A prototype of this system was used to obtain experimental dependences of reaction parameters on the influence parameters of the micro-arc oxidation process.
Keywords: Networking and Telecommunications; Media & Communications; Telecommunications
Citation: International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems (IJERTCS), Volume: 13, Issue: 1 (2022) Pages: 1-32
PubDate: 2022-01-01T05:00:00Z
DOI: 10.4018/IJERTCS.289197
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 1 (2022)
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- Optimizing the Migration of Virtual Machines in Cloud Data Centers
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Authors: Toutov; Andrew, Toutova, Natalia, Vorozhtsov, Anatoly, Andreev, Ilya
Pages: 1 - 19
Abstract: Dynamic resource allocation of cloud data centers is implemented with the use of virtual machine migration. Selected virtual machines (VM) should be migrated on appropriate destination servers. This is a critical step and should be performed according to several criteria. It is proposed to use the criteria of minimum resource wastage and service level agreement violation. The optimization problem of the VM placement according to two criteria is formulated, which is equivalent to the well-known main assignment problem in terms of the structure, necessary conditions, and the nature of variables. It is suggested to use the Hungarian method or to reduce the problem to a closed transport problem. This allows the exact solution to be obtained in real time. Simulation has shown that the proposed approach outperforms widely used bin-packing heuristics in both criteria.
Keywords: Networking and Telecommunications; Media & Communications; Telecommunications
Citation: International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems (IJERTCS), Volume: 13, Issue: 1 (2022) Pages: 1-19
PubDate: 2022-01-01T05:00:00Z
DOI: 10.4018/IJERTCS.289200
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 1 (2022)
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- ESQuMo
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Authors: Tamrabet; Zouheyr, Marir, Toufik, Mokhati, Farid
Pages: 1 - 18
Abstract: Embedded systems are increasingly used in our daily life due to their importance. They are computer platforms consisting of hardware and software. They run specific tasks to realize functional and non functional requirements. Several specific quality attributes were identified as relevant to the embedded system domain. However, the existent general quality models do not address clearly these specific quality attributes. Hence, the proposition of quality models which address the relevant quality attributes of embedded systems needs more attention and investigation. The major goal of this paper is to propose a new quality model (called ESQuMo for Embedded Software Quality Model) which provides a better understanding of quality in the context of embedded software. Besides, it focuses the light on the relevant attributes of the embedded software and addresses clearly the importance of these attributes. In fact, ESQuMo is based on the well-established ISO/IEC 25010 standard quality model.
Keywords: Networking and Telecommunications; Media & Communications; Telecommunications
Citation: International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems (IJERTCS), Volume: 13, Issue: 1 (2022) Pages: 1-18
PubDate: 2022-01-01T05:00:00Z
DOI: 10.4018/IJERTCS.289201
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 1 (2022)
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- Effectiveness Evaluation of Replacement Policies for On-Chip Caches in
Multiprocessors-
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Authors: Jose, Jobin, Begum, Shameedha, Ramasubrmanian N; Jobin, Begum, Shameedha, Ramasubrmanian N.
Pages: 1 - 12
Abstract: A Cache plays a vital role in improving performance in the multicore environment, especially the Last Level Cache (LLC). The improvements in performance are based on the block size, associativity, and replacement policies. Most of the papers concentrate on traditional Least Recently Used (LRU) based replacement policies for their replacement decisions. Unfortunately, the replacement decisions do not enhance performance of the cache as expected. An enhanced modified Pseudo LRU policy is proposed, which is an approximation of LRU. The proposed methodology uses counters to enhance the confidence of replacement decisions based on the history of the replaceable blocks in cache. It is very clear from the Simulation results that the replacement scheme proposed exhibits better performance improvement in terms of miss ratio of about 3% and energy efficiency of about 2% on an average.
Keywords: Networking and Telecommunications; Media & Communications; Telecommunications
Citation: International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems (IJERTCS), Volume: 13, Issue: 1 (2022) Pages: 1-12
PubDate: 2022-01-01T05:00:00Z
DOI: 10.4018/IJERTCS.289202
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 1 (2022)
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- Traffic Flows Forecasting Based on Machine Learning
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Authors: Deart; Vladimir, Mankov, Vladimir, Krasnova, Irina
Pages: 1 - 19
Abstract: The article aims to develop a model for forecasting the characteristics of traffic flows in real-time based on the classification of applications using machine learning methods to ensure the quality of service. It is shown that the model can forecast the mean rate and frequency of packet arrival for the entire flow of each class separately. The prediction is based on information about the previous flows of this class and the first 15 packets of the active flow. Thus, the Random Forest Regression method reduces the prediction error by approximately 1.5 times compared to the standard mean estimate for transmitted packets issued at the switch interface.
Keywords: Networking and Telecommunications; Media & Communications; Telecommunications
Citation: International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems (IJERTCS), Volume: 13, Issue: 1 (2022) Pages: 1-19
PubDate: 2022-01-01T05:00:00Z
DOI: 10.4018/IJERTCS.289198
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 1 (2022)
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- Configuring Methods for Deadlock-Free Routing
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Authors: Olenev; Valentin, Karandashev, Alexandr
Pages: 1 - 20
Abstract: This paper discusses the problem of tracking of deadlock-free routes. A brief overview of existing software tools providing this functionality is given. A complete overview of the proposed software for building routes for given SpaceWire onboard networks is presented. The paper discusses the application of different existing methods for the choosing of the best route from the list of the deadlock-free routes. A brief overview of the methods for of choosing the best route according to the provided criteria is given. A new method for choosing of the best route and its modification is proposed.
Authors provide the result of the methods application and the detailed comparison.
Keywords: Networking and Telecommunications; Media & Communications; Telecommunications
Citation: International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems (IJERTCS), Volume: 13, Issue: 1 (2022) Pages: 1-20
PubDate: 2022-01-01T05:00:00Z
DOI: 10.4018/IJERTCS.289199
Issue No: Vol. 13, No. 1 (2022)
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