JournalTOCs

Alfarama Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences
Number of Followers: 12

This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Online) 2682-275X
Published by Port Said University

[3 journals]

Study of the Role of Migration Inducting Gene 7 as a Molecular Marker for
Early Detection of Endometrial Carcinoma Micrometastasis.
- Abstract: Background and objectives: Endometrial carcinoma diagnosed early by abnormal uterine bleeding especially in postmenopausal women. Migration-Inducting Gene 7 (MIG-7) is a cysteine-rich protein first identified in endometrial cancer cells upon hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) treatment.Subjects and methods: This case-control study was carried out in Mansoura University, Egypt on a total of 75 patients with 25 age-matched healthy female volunteers as control group and 50 patients classified according to standard criteria based on data of International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) into two groups (non-metastatic endometrial carcinoma and metastatic endometrial carcinoma). Total RNA extracted from peripheral blood, cDNA synthesized from RNA and Real-time PCR done for quantification of MIG7.Results: Comparison between the control group, patient with non-metastatic endometrial carcinoma and patient with metastatic endometrial carcinoma with regard to MIG7 gene expression reveal highly significant differences ((0.69±0.21), (1.38±0.39) and (1.97±0.45)) respectively, P-values (all˂ 0.001). AUC values for MIG7 equal 0.945 while MIG7 show sensitivity percentage of 88% and 88% specificity percent.In the univariable analysis MIG7 gives an odds ratio (ORs) 1.077 at p-values of 0.002 while in the multivariable analysis demonstrate elevated ORs, p-values (0.024).
Dust-ion-acoustic solitary, kink, and periodic waves on the lunar dark
side
- Abstract: Plasma hydrodynamic equations are used to investigate the nonlinear dust-ion-acoustic waves on the lunar dark side that are created by plasma interaction with the Earth's magnetosphere. A plasma system is reduced to one evolution equation, called the Korteweg-de Vries equation. The latter has been solved using the new generalized (G'/G)-expansion method. Different kinds of nonlinear solutions, such as solitary, kink, and periodic solutions, are obtained. The inclusion of plasma quantities in the system significantly affects the nonlinear properties of the DIAWs. The current study holds significance in understanding how Earth's magnetosphere interacts with the lunar dark side. Understanding the dust-ion-acoustic waves on the lunar dark side is important for space physics investigations. The properties of all physical plasma parameters, as well as the nature of the planetary obstacle, determine this nonlinearity. Different analytical solutions of the nonlinear evolution homogenous equation is obtained, which allow for the propagation of all both of solitary, shock-like and periodic pulses. Therefore, sound waves on the dark side of the Moon can support single pulses as well as shock-like and periodic pulses are depending on, the wave propagation plasmas parameter.
Study of The Role of Trefoil Factor Family3 protein level as Molecular
Marker For Early Detection of Endometrial Carcinoma Micrometastasis.
- Abstract: Background and objectives:Endometrial carcinoma is the predominant gynecologic cancer in industrialized nations and the second most prevalent in developing nations, following cervical carcinoma.Serum biomarkers have the potential to be utilized in the screening, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy monitoring of endometrial cancer micrometastasis. Trefoil family 3 (TFF3) is known to be excessively produced as a protein in various types of human tumors.The level of the TFF-3 protein is regularly controlled by estrogen, and have been observed in endometrial cancer.Subjects and methods: This case-control done in Mansoura University, Egypt on a total of 75 patients with 25 age-matched healthy female volunteers as control group and 50 patients were classified according to standard criteria based on data of International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) into two groups (non-metastatic endometrial carcinoma and metastatic endometrial carcinoma). Total RNA was extracted from peripheral blood, Real-time PCR for quantification of TFF3 and Serum samples was used to measure TFF3 protein level by ELISA.Results: Comparison of the control group, patients with non-metastatic endometrial cancer, and patients with metastatic endometrial carcinoma in terms of TFF3 protein level revealed highly significant differences ((0.41 ± 0.15), (3.79 ± 3.05) and (6.09 ± 3.64)) respectively, P-values (all˂ 0.001). AUC values for TFF3 protein level equal 0.654 while TFF3 protein level showed sensitivity percentage of 72% and 60% specificity percent. In the univariable analysis TFF3 protein level gave an odds ratio (ORs) 1.232 at p-values of 0.031while in the multivariable analysis demonstrated an odds ratio (1.212), p-values (0.019).
Deep Learning Techniques to enhance Biometric Authentication using Hand
Features
- Abstract: This research provides an extensive analysis of the integration of palm vein and palm print features as multimodal biometrics to enhance secure authentication. The use of palm vein and palm print identification has become more popular owing to its exceptional precision and non-invasive characteristics. Nevertheless, each modality has its own distinct advantages and disadvantages. In order to address these constraints, researchers have suggested many approaches for fusion palm vein and palm print features. This article examines contemporary research in this domain, including the utilization of deep learning methodologies. It discusses the challenges in palm vein and palm print recognition and explores the potential of deep learning methods to address these challenges. The proposed fusion technique combines feature-level fusion with score-level fusion, resulting in a more accurate and secure biometric authentication system. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, showing significant improvements in recognition accuracy. A Genuine Accept Rate (GAR) of 98.3% and an Equal Error Rate (EER) of 2.5% are achieved by the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) algorithm. This makes it better than deep learning algorithms like Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Deep Belief Networks (DBN). The proposed fusion technique also achieves a low False Accept Rate (FAR) of 1.7%. These results highlight the superior performance of the fusion approach in biometric recognition scenarios. Future research directions are discussed to further enhance the performance of palm vein and palm print recognition systems.
Synthesis, characterization, and antiproliferative activities of new
transition metal complexes with
3-((4-fluoro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one
- Abstract: The utilization of the (fluorosalicylidene)-aminothiohydantoin (FSATH) ligand has been employed in the synthesis of several coordination compounds containing Mn(II), Co(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) ions. This is achieved by reacting the ligand with metal(II) chlorides in a stoichiometric ratio of 1:1. Through the application of diverse physicochemical and spectroscopic techniques, our investigation focused on examining the coordination properties of FSATH in the presence of M(II) ions. Additionally, we aimed to determine the stoichiometry and stereochemistry of the resulting metal coordination compounds. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) techniques have been employed to investigate the thermal stability of both the unbound ligand and its coordination compounds. The results of the study indicate that the cytotoxicity of all coordination compounds tested against human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) was higher compared to that of the parent ligands. These findings suggest that these coordination compounds have the potential to be considered as promising candidates for the development and investigation of novel chemotherapeutic agents in the field of cancer therapy, as demonstrated by the comparative in-vitro anticancer studies conducted. Cu-FSATH demonstrates significant cytotoxicity against MCF-7, making it a highly promising candidate as an alternative to conventional chemotherapeutic agents.
Using the vulnerability index to assess the risk of climate change impacts
on agricultural and food security.
- Abstract: Climate change is among the most critical global challenges of our time, with far-reaching impacts on human lives and livelihoods. Egypt is particularly vulnerable to climate-related risks that threaten food security. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between hunger and climate risk in Egypt and identify the factors that contribute to vulnerability to climate-related risks. The study applied the Hunger and Climate Vulnerability Index to analyze different indicators, including climate hazards, environment, agriculture, coastal zones, infrastructure, socioeconomic structure, and governance, to assess the susceptibility of Egypt to climatic risks. The findings revealed a significant correlation between hunger and climate risk, with the sensitivity variable exhibiting the most positive association with the occurrence of undernourishment. The study identified vulnerable employment and a lack of forests as the primary factors that determine vulnerability in Egypt. The study also found no correlation between adaptive capacity and undernourishment. Therefore, measures to improve adaptive capacity, such as improving infrastructure, reducing poverty, and enhancing government effectiveness, could provide the greatest benefits for food security in the face of climate change.This study provides insights into the factors that contribute to climate-related risks to food security in Egypt and highlights that targeted policies are necessary to reduce food insecurity vulnerability.
Antibacterial activity of Streptomyces sp. AMM1 Metabolites isolated from
Marsa Matrouh soil.
- Abstract: Coded Thirty actinobacteria isolates were isolated from the rhizosphere of different plants in the secluded desert to select the promising isolate that has a wide antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. The most active isolate was coded as AMM1, and it was characterized physically, biochemically, and genetically as Streptomyces sp., and showed 99% similarity with Streptomyces geysiriensis when compared with the 16S sequences deposited in GenBank. The temperature was 35 °C, the pH was 7, and the best timing was 12 days as the best environmental condition suitable for growth after studying. The agar-well diffusion method was used after the metabolites were mixed with several polar organic solvents (Hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol) to determine the most effective antibacterial crude extract, and the results found that ethyl acetate crude extract was the most effective one among them, and their minimum inhibition concentration was 2.5 µg/ml recorded against E. coli ATCC7839 with a value of 9.0 mm, Candida albicans ATCC10321 with a value of 9.33 mm and 8.33 mm against Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633. The same solvent extract produced a mean inhibition zone of 8.33 mm against P. aeruginosa ATCC9027 and 9.33 mm against S. aureus ATCC6538 at a minimal inhibitory concentration of 5 µg /ml.
Computing Exact Solution for Forward Linear Discrete Time Variant Systems
- Abstract: Discrete or digital systems that are only known at discrete moments are very important in various fields of physics and engineering such as robot and digital optimal control. Now everything around us depends on digital systems for its operation and function. Maple programming contains important packages such as the linear algebra package. Using this algebra package and some commands in Maple, we will build a simple procedure to compute the exact solution of linear discrete systems with time-varying coefficients and containing forward operators and forward difference operators. First, we will find the closed form of a discrete linear system of first order, and then generalized to higher orders. Then we build the algorithm and turn it into a maple procedure. Finally, to illustrate our procedure, we will give some examples with different types of operators. By entering the system parameters into each example, we will obtain the exact solution graph.
Synthesis of New Quinoxaline Pharmacophores as Antitumor Agents on MCF-7
breast cancer cells
- Abstract: A new first series from 2-substituted quinoxalines (3-6) were synthesized using o-phenylenediamine with aryl bromomethyl ketones as a key starting material. Moreover, a new second series from 2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-benzo [g] quinoxaline (8-10) were obtained from the reaction of naphthalene-2,3-diamine with ethyl chloroacetate. The structures of the two compound types were confirmed by spectral data studies along with elemental microanalysis. The cytotoxic effects of the synthesized compounds were tested using a MTT colorimetric assay in MCF-7 cells. Four of the compounds, given numbers 4, 5, 9 and 10, were found to induce significant levels of cytotoxicity. Compounds number 5 and 9 showed promising assay results and were tested in the non-cancerous cell line MCF-10A and neither of them showed cellular deterioration. Furthermore, compound 9 was reported to suppress tubulin polymerization. These findings were confirmed by the docking study results demonstrating a remarkable binding affinity of compound 9 to tubulin active site. These findings suggestes that compound 9 has a pharmacological potential as an antineoplastic drug in MCF-7 cells.
Study of Gut Microbiota Changes in Liver Transplantation Patients
- Abstract: Liver transplantation (LT) is a single option for treatment end-stage of liver diseases. Although repeated antibiotic therapy can cause major changes in the intestinal microbiota. There is growing evidence regarding the role of gut microbiota in the before and after operative course and their impact on patient outcomes in LT. It plays a crucial role in controlling the process of digestion because gut microbiota produce, extract, and absorb a wide range of metabolites, such as lipids, vitamins, bile acids, short chain fatty acids, and amino acids. Additionally, gut microbiota have the ability to directly stop the colonization of foreign bacteria by impeding their growth by appropriating available resources and/or producing antibacterial molecules. This study was conducted on 31 liver transplant patients in Gastroenterology Surgical Center (GEC), Mansoura University, Egypt. We collected 87 stool samples for the current study, dividing them into 3 groups, before LT, after one week from LT and two weeks from LT. Isolated bacteria from patient before LT including Phylum: Bacteroidota (38.1%), phylum: Firmicutes (58.75%) and Phylum: Proteobacteria (3.17%). Isolated bacteria from patients after one week of LT including Phylum: Bacteroidota (38.1%), Phylum: Firmicutes (58.7%) and Phylum: Proteobacteria (39.0%). Isolated bacteria from patients after two weeks LT including Phylum: Bacteroidota (21.43%), Phylum: Firmicutes (58.7%) and Phylum: Proteobacteria (35.7%).Keywords: Liver transplantation, Microbiota, Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria.
Purslane Seed Oil: A Promising Adjuvant for Doxorubicin in Ehrlich Ascites
Carcinoma Therapy
- Abstract: Purslane seed oil (PSO) is a herbal extract with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may enhance the efficacy and reduce the toxicity of doxorubicin (DOX), a potent anticancer drug. This study investigated the effects of PSO and DOX on the cell cycle and kidney and liver function in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) mice, a widely used experimental model of cancer. Forty female mice were randomly assigned to five equal groups (n = 8/group) with distinct treatment regimens: control, EAC control, EAC+PSO, EAC+DOX, and EAC+PSO+DOX. After EAC cell injection (2x10⁶), mice received 3 weeks of treatment with PSO (200 mg/kg/day) and DOX (4 mg/kg/week). The cell cycle analysis and biochemical assays performed on EAC-bearing mice showed that PSO and DOX exerted different and synergistic effects on the cell cycle and apoptosis of EAC cells, and that their combination reduced the deterioration of the kidney and liver function parameters in EAC-bearing mice. These findings suggest that PSO could be a potential complementary agent to DOX in the treatment of EAC and other cancers, as it could enhance the antitumor and organ-protective effects of DOX.
Prediction Using Markov Model and Hidden Markov Model for the States of
Banknotes
- Abstract: This study aims to solve the problem of identifying the values of banknotes, and whether if they are fake or not. This problem considered one of the topics that many researchers are interested in the field of detecting banknotes values and determining whether they are fake. For this reason, Markov models were applied to identify the probabilities of banknotes values and if they are fake or not fake. In addition, the hidden Markov model was used to identify the probabilities of banknotes states when they were deposited a limited number of times. Important numerical results were obtained in applying the Markov model and the hidden Markov model where it can be implemented them on various other applications to be used in prediction. This study discovered the probabilities of banknote values and whether they are fake or not when depositing using the Markov models. In addition, the probabilities of tracing the trajectories of banknote states on deposit were obtained by hidden Markov model. Researchers can apply this study to other data sets to predict the future data.
A Novel Framework for Gauging Information Extracted from Smartphones Using
Fuzzy Logic
- Abstract: It’s interesting to know that there are around 6.92 billion smartphone users all over the world, as stated by Statista website. Smartphones store a huge amount of data about their users, which can be useful for forensic investigators in case of any criminal activity. However, this information can also be manipulated by someone with malicious intent to provide false evidence to deceive forensic investigators. Our research has utilized fuzzy logic to evaluate the degree of truth or falsity of this information. Additionally, this study analyzes conversations between individuals using Excel’s fuzzy lookup add-in to determine the percentage of truth and false in each conversation. The results were compiled into a dataset and utilized a fuzzy model created by Matlab’s fuzzy toolbox to evaluate the information. The results indicate the percentage of truth and false in each conversation and which can be used to determine its admissibility as evidence and which not.
Morphogenic responses of two potato cultivars explants to sucrose,
photoperiods and growth regulators
- Abstract: The effects of sucrose concentration, photoperiod and growth regulators on stem nodal segments of potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivars (Lady Rosetta and Chara) were studied. Firstly, stem nodal segments were cultured on Murashige and skoog’s culture media (MS) containing sucrose concentrations equal to 3, 6, 9 and 12%. The highest microtubers number (7.50 ±1.0 and 1.83±0.30 / single nodal segment for lady rosetta and Chara respectively was obtained using sucrose concentration (9%) and this is why MS culture medium augmented with 9% sucrose was used to detect the effect of light/darkness photoperiod regime (16/8, 8/16 and 0/24) on explants. The best photoperiod regime is probably 16/8 over the other regimes where the numbers of microtubers per single explant reached up 7.33±1.45 and 2.33±0.33 for Lady Rosetta and Chara, respectively. The importance of light can be understood from the result that complete and continuous darkness significantly inhibited microtuber production in both cultivars. For the third type of treatments in this study MS augmented with the best sucrose concentration (9%) and the best photoperiod regime 16/8 were fixed while the effects of thidiazuron (TDZ) /dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) at 1and 5 ppm (individually and/or combined) were studied. In most cases, TDZ or 2, 4-D and their combinations, induced callus formation rather than microtuberization. Calli were almost compact, nodular brownish, yellowish or greenish and the highest calli fresh weights were 2.22±0.85 and 1.25±0.64 gram for Lady rosetta and Chara respectively. However, both morphogenic responses have their own promising uses in modern plant biotechnology.
NOTES ON MORPHOLOGICAL ACCURACY REDUCTION
- Abstract: Attribute reduction is an important pre-processing step for data mining, and has become a hot research topic in machine learning, which involves high-dimensional descriptions of input features (attributes). It is therefore not surprising that a lot of research has been done on dimension reduction.Information systems are the most known forms of knowledge representation, in this paper, we propose a novel attributes’ reduction technique for information systems. The proposed technique [namely, morphological accuracy reduction (for short, MAR)] is based on computing a morphological accuracy using the morphological operators (neighborhood-erosion, neighborhood-dilation and neighborhood structure elements). Comparing with reduction using nano topology, experimental results show that the proposed MAR method is an efficient algorithm for attributes reduction and calculating the core attributes. The main advantage of the new method is that it helps to reduce data without losing useful information, as well as it saves time and reaches the best core in fewer steps.
Highly Secured 3D Object Steganography Technique for Hiding Compressed
Data
- Abstract: Steganography is a technique that involves hiding secret information within some objects such as image, audio, video, or 3D object, without leaving any noticeable or machine-detectable alterations. To ensure, more security and higher capacity, the steganographic techniques might include a data compression step for the secret information. In this paper, we propose a novel 3D steganographic technique, that enhances both the security and the capacity of the 3D object used to hide the compressed secret information. For that purpose, we use the Gray code sequence to indicate the vertices of the 3D object used for concealing the compressed information; hence, we apply the LSB to embed the compressed information. The proposed 3D steganographic technique has been evaluated through multiple metrics to assess its performance. These metrics include Embedding Capacity value, Mean Square Error Ratio, Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio, and Normalized Correlation value. Experimental results illustrate that the proposed technique exhibits a high level of security when compared to several existing techniques. The proposed technique provides minimal distortion, as shown by the Mean Square Error Ratio, which is less than 2 × . The Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio for all the objects under consideration is more than 150 dB, which indicates high-quality stego-objects compared to the original objects. Furthermore, the results obtained when computing the Normalized Correlation against various attacks; as the obtained values are approximately equal to one; which indicate that the proposed technique provides robustness against noise, filtering, and vertex reordering attacks.
The impact of different temperatures on Nano Silver Carbon manufacturing
by Arc Discharge method
- Abstract: The arc discharge process was adjusted by varying the temperature by two values The temperature, applied voltage, electrode shape, and kind of dielectric medium all have a significant impact on the mass production, stability, yield, and size and form. AgNPs-CNT with an average particle size of 13 nm was produced by the system (A) at a temperature of -10° C, but in system (B) the temperature was about 55° C and the production was spherical AgNPs/C with an average particle size of 30 nm. In both systems, the two electrodes were 99.9% pure silver as the anode with a diameter of 0.5 cm and 10 cm of length and carbon as the cathode with a diameter of 0.2 cm and 4 cm of length, the applied voltage was 30 A and the dielectric medium was ethanol. 1Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis) were used to characterize the yields. Every characterization demonstrates that the production of nanoparticles for both systems was successful.
Modeling of Linear Magnetosonic Waves of Two Ion Species In the Martian
Magnetosphere
- Abstract: The propagation of linear magnetosonic waves in a homogeneous collisionless magnetized plasma composed of two positive ions and electrons is investigated. The dispersionrelation is derived using linear analysis to describe the dynamics of the behavior of themagnetosonic wave. There are two propagating modes for every ion species. Magnetizedmode at low wavenumbers and ion cyclotron mode at higher wavenumbers. Electronsalso have two propagating modes: a Whistler mode at low wavenumbers and an electroncyclotron mode at higher wavenumbers. Also, a field mode is found to propagate at veryhigh frequencies. The propagation of these localized structures against variations in themagnetic field and the ion number densities has been discussed. Variations in the magnetic field affect Alfven mode, Whistler mode, and the ion cyclotron modes. While thevariations of number density influence the Alfven mode, Whistler mode, and field mode.This model is applied on the magnetosonic waves propagating in the Marian magnetosphere.
An Accurate Method for Estimating the Parameters of the Generalized
Extreme Value Distribution Using its Moments
- Abstract: Wind speed is a clean energy source that generates electricity. Researchers in this field always need an accurate statistical model to give them high-precision statistical measurements to build power-generation electric systems. This study presents a mathematical model for the maximum wind speed (MWS) in Port Said city by determining the fitting probability distribution. The moment-generating function is used to estimate the Generalized Extreme Value Distribution (GEVD) parameters. The purpose is to obtain a single equation in a single parameter using average, variance, and median formulas of (GEVD), which can be solved numerically. The properties of the cumulative distribution function, method of maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), percentiles, quartiles, nonlinear regression, Anderson-Darling test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test, and Kruskal Wallis test are applied to assess the utility of the proposed distribution. The GEVD is compared with the three-parameter Weibull (W-3P) distribution and with other competing distributions. Finally, the GEVD is the best for modeling MWS data. The statistical measurements of MWS are derived with high accuracy. That will enable researchers to find the best estimation method of the distribution for the actual data.
Enhancing Diagnostic Decision-Making with Image Mining Techniques: A
Proposed Framework for Medical Images
- Abstract: The field of medical image mining has garnered significant attention from researchers and professionals alike. This paper delves into the challenges and issues associated with medical images, such as low accuracy, poor quality, and false features. In response, we propose a prototype framework that utilizes image processing and data mining to enhance diagnostic decision-making through the extraction of relevant features from medical images. Firstly, the framework implements image processing algorithms to address problems related to brightness and imaging environment, thereby improving the quality of targeted medical images. Secondly, image mining techniques, such as segmentation and clustering, are employed on the processed images to identify and extract pertinent indicators. The model is trained iteratively using reference images, and classification techniques are utilized to identify features in test medical images. The prototype, developed using MATLAB, was tested on medical images of patients suspected to have leukemia. Results demonstrate that the proposed framework outperforms many comparable models using the same dataset, with a maximum accuracy of 98% achieved using K-mean segmentation and Super vector machine (SVM) clustering, compared to the 85-95% accuracy of commonly used frameworks for leukemia diagnosis. Validation of the proposed model confirms its adequacy and highlights the value added by incorporating image mining after preprocessing medical images using typical image enhancement techniques.
Assessment of Vitamin D Status and Study the Effect of Supplementation of
Vitamin D on Type 1 Diabetic Children in Egypt
- Abstract: Background: T1D is a significant global health concern. It is indicated that a Vit D deficit increases the likelihood of developing T1D. The role of supplementations of Vit D are now up for discussion. Subjects & Methods: A prospective research was assessed how supplementation of Vit D affected young individuals with T1D. In this research, 60 children divided to two groups, 40 T1D children with a mean age of 7.9 years ±2.7 SD, and their levels of vit D less than 20ng/ml, and healthy 20 children participated in this study as control group. Chemiluminescence immunoassay was utilized to assess the serum Vit D levels of each sample. Serum Ca, PTH, Ph, ALP was evaluated; serum F.B.S., P.P.S. and HbAlc% levels. Supplementation was added by 4000 IU/ day Vit D for 3 months to patient's group only. Results: Before supplementation, blood levels of Vit D were considerably lower in patient gp. in comparison to the control gp. (9.3±1.4Vs 59.2 ± 18.7ng/ml p < 0.0001).While after supplementation of Vit D, levels of Vit D were improved in contrast to that before (9.3± 1.4Vs 38.7±4.2ng/ml p < 0.0001). There was also improvement in the glycemic evaluated by HbAlc% and serum glucose after supplementation 10.5±1.3Vs 5.2±0.8% and 231.8±11.0 Vs 89.6±7.7mg/dl respectively p<0.0001) for HbAlc% and glucose before and after supplementation respectively. Conclusion: It would seem crucial to implement a global public health intervention which incorporates supplementation of Vit D in particular risk groups to prevent severe Vit D insufficiency.
Potential inhibition of selected plant extracts on tyrosinase activity
from Aspergillus nidulans and their antioxidant activities
- Abstract: Tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1) was obtained from Aspergillus nidulans (Eidam) G. Winter (AUMC No. 7147). It is an important enzyme in biosynthesis of melanin and hydroxylation L-tyrosine to dihydroxy-phenylalanine and oxidation to dopaquinone. Tyrosinase was purified from Aspergillus nidulans by ammonium sulphate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-200 with specific activity of 230.76 units mg/ protein and the molecular weight was 40 kDa. Ethanolic extracts from Morus alba fruits and leaves of Chenopodium album, Rumex dentatus, Eruca sativa and Urtica urens showed an inhibitory effect against tyrosinase activity. The extract from Rumex dentatus leaves expressed the lowest IC50 value (The half-maximal inhibitory concentration) (33.8%), while Urtica urens leaves expressed the highest IC50 value for tyrosinase inhibition (82.6 µg/ mL). The contents of total phenols and flavonoids are investigated in the various plant extracts. Morus alba fruit extract expressed the highest content of phenols (328 mg/ g) and flavonoids (241 mg/ g) compared to the other plant extracts. All plant extracts exhibited appreciable scavenging activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS+) method. Eruca sativa leaves exhibited the highest scavenging activity of 150.9 μg/ mL with DPPH and 142.4 μg/ mL with ABTS+ .This present article reveals that the potential of leaf extract from Eruca sativa is a hopeful whitening agent of natural source versus skin hyperpigmentation.
Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of Portulaca oleracea
L. extracts against antibiotic-resistant bacteria
- Abstract: This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the Portulaca Oleracea extracts against some pathogenic bacteria isolated from wound and urine samples. Ethanolic and aqueous extractions of P. Oleracea have been tested for antimicrobial activity against the isolates. The antibacterial activities of both extractions have been compared with some commercial antibiotics. The commonest isolated organisms were Klebsiella Spp. In both urine and wound samples, followed by Escherichia Coli in urine samples, Staphylococcus Aureus in wound samples. The lowest frequent percentage of isolates was Pseudomonas spp. and Proteus Spp. in wound samples. Results showed isolates resistance against tested antibiotics. The inhibition effect of the P. Oleracea extraction is mostly greater than that of antibiotics against Klebsiella Spp. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ethanolic extract for Staphylococcus Aureus was 0.35 gm/ml, for E. coli was 0.15 gm/ ml, for Proteus Spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Klebsiella Spp. Was 0.25 mg/ml. For aqueous extract MIC was 0.5 gm/ml for Staphylococcus Aureus and Klebsiella Spp., 0.4 gm/ml for Escherichia Coli, Pseudomonas spp. and Proteus Spp. Phytochemical analysis revealed some component differences for both extracts. The authors are of the opinion that Portulaca Oleracea extractions is a promising substance for controlling some pathogenic bacteria.
Shock waves in ionosphere
- Abstract: Fully nonlinear shock waves (SW) structure of ion-acoustic waves are investigated in a three-component cold plasma consisting of two positive ions fluids and non-thermal electron distribution. The physical parameters in the system, such as ion density ratios, furthermore, they play an important role in the profile of the small amplitude ion-acoustic SW. Using m-KdV, the basic equations are reduced to one evolution equation. The latter has been analyzed and solved numerically to obtain an arbitrary amplitude shock wave profile as well as the possible regions for the existing waves. We present a negative potential, which corresponds to a compressive wave profile. The findings of this investigation are used to interpret the electrostatic waves that may be observed in the Mars ionosphere. If we observe this wave in Mars's ionosphere, we will be able to explain how the gas has been lost from the ionosphere if we get to the physical meaning of it.

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