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Asian Journal of Biology
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This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Online) 2456-7124
Published by SCIENCEDOMAIN international

[66 journals]

Alleviating Abiotic and Abiotic Stress, Enhancing Soil Fertility, and
Growth of Forest Tree Species PGPR: A Review
- Authors: Parul Bhatt Kotiyal, Shivam Kumar Sharma
  Pages: 1 - 16
  Abstract: The necessity for efficient mitigation techniques is highlighted by the worldwide loss in plant output caused by biotic and abiotic stressors. Promising bioinoculants known as Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) have been shown to provide improved nutritional availability, hormone regulation, and stress relief, among other advantages. Through several mechanisms such as phytohormone synthesis and ACC deaminase activity, they combat many environmental stressors such as pests, diseases, temperature variations, heavy metals, salt, and drought. Current research emphasizes the function of PGPR in a number of tree species, such as Quercus suber, Haloxylon ammodendron, and Acacia gerrardii. For example, inoculating Acacia gerrardii with Bacillus subtilis causes notable alterations in gene expression, indicating possible benefits in salinity and drought tolerance. Furthermore, in some nurseries, Quercus suber seedling quality is improved by a blend of bacterial inoculum and ECM fungus. Additionally, PGPR show effectiveness against heavy metal toxicity and heat stress. Sustainable plant growth depends on utilizing stress-resistant PGPR strains and maximizing microbial diversity. While breeding and genetic engineering provide long-term fixes, microbial inoculation offers a quick and affordable substitute. Moreover, PGPR promote environmental sustainability by improving soil fertility through processes including nitrogen fixation and phosphorus solubilization. In order to enhance plant development that is environmentally sustainable and optimize PGPR-mediated stress tolerance, it is essential to conduct multidisciplinary research and field investigations.
  PubDate: 2024-06-08
  DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2024/v20i7419
  Issue No: Vol. 20, No. 7 (2024)
Prevalence of Phytonematodes Found in Potato Soil and its Root System
- Authors: M. F. Narzikulova , H. S. Eshova, M. A. Xolboyeva, G. R. Mirzaliyeva
  Pages: 17 - 24
  Abstract: The article provides information about phytonematodes found in potato soils and its root system in the Bulungur, Tailak, Samarkand, Pastdargom districts of the Samarkand region. During the study, 109 species of plant nematodes were discovered. According to the ecological classification, among devisaprobionts - 33 species and phytohelminths - 26 species (ectoparasites, endoparasites) predominate, pararisobionts - 20 species, mycohelminths - 23 species, eusaprobionts - 7 species. In the studied regions, plant nematodes of potato crops differed from each other in the diversity of species and the number of individuals. In the fauna of potato nematodes and soils around its roots, the Tailak (62 species) and Samarkand (59 species) regions dominated in terms of species diversity and number of individuals, while in the Bulungur (52 species) and Pastdargom (52 species) regions these species were relatively poorly represented. The Samarkand and Tailak regions have the greatest similarity between the faunal complexes of the potato nematode (0.67), the Samarkand and Pastdargom regions have the least similarity between the faunal complexes (0.58), while the similarity between the Bulgur and Pastdargom regions is the least (0.48). The fact that phytonematodes have slight differences in similarity coefficients between faunal complexes was explained due to the fact that they are formed in the same region both by soil type and climatic conditions. Among the plant nematodes found in potatoes, relatively common endoparasite species are Pratylenchus pratensis, Meloidogyne arenarai, Ditylenchus dipsaci which pose a threat to plants.
  PubDate: 2024-06-08
  DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2024/v20i7420
  Issue No: Vol. 20, No. 7 (2024)
Entomophthorales Fungi Parasitizing Sucking Insects in Egypt
- Authors: Gamal H. Sewify , Maha S. Nada , Anwar L. Bilgrami
  Pages: 25 - 42
  Abstract: Entomophthorales are insect pathogenic fungi significant biological control potentials due to their high insect toxicity. This review focuses on the survey and morphological descriptions of entomophthoralean species attacking insect pests in Egypt. Until now 10 species of Entomophthorales fungi, belonging to three families (Entomophthoraceae, Neozygitaceae and Ancylistaceace) have been reported to suck insects as their hosts. These fungi are widely distributed in various climatic conditions in several Governorates, representing Lower and Upper Egypt. The fungi are the only pathogens that regularly and effectively control sucking insect populations in the natural ecosystems and agroecosystems. The present review emphasizes more studies and isolations of Entomophthorales species by using modern identification techniques so that their epidemiology and control potentials can be predicated on their role against insect pests under variable climatic conditions in Egypt. The possible relationship between population densities of sucking insect pests and Entomophthorales can be further studied to explore their effective applications under variable climatic conditions in the country.
  PubDate: 2024-06-11
  DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2024/v20i7421
  Issue No: Vol. 20, No. 7 (2024)
Copperized Karanj Seed (Pongamia pinnata) Oil as an Alternative to
Chemical Preservative in Plywood Manufacturing
- Authors: Riya Tudu Solanki, S C Sahoo, Akash Anand Solanki
  Pages: 43 - 49
  Abstract: Most chemicals used in wood preservation are toxic to the environment. Use of synthetic preservatives are highly prevalent in plywood manufacture. Wood, which is the basic raw material for plywood manufacture, being ligno-cellulosic material is liable to degradation due to microbiological organisms and other biological wood destroying organisms causing significant loss. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an alternate naturally available preservative which will be effective for plywood manufacture. Karanj or Pongamia pinnata is known for its anti-fungal and pesticide properties that make it an ideal material as wood preservative. Therefore, an attempt was made to develop an eco-friendly green preservative using naturally available plant resources with high toxicity to wood destroying organisms and low toxicity to humans. Copper was incorporated into Karanj seed extractive and 12mm thick plywood samples were prepared at different concentrations 0.5% to 5% of preservative which were subjected to tests for efficacy study and mechanical properties as per Indian Standards. From the results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that 3% concentration of the preservative can be utilized in plywood manufacture which can resist against wood borers and termites. Concentration above 3% of the preservative interfere with the bonding properties of the resin and significantly reduces glue shear strength.
  PubDate: 2024-06-26
  DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2024/v20i7422
  Issue No: Vol. 20, No. 7 (2024)
Phytochemical Characterization, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties
of Hydroethanolic Extract from Acalypha indica L. (Euphorbiaceae)
Collected in Togo
- Authors: Kpakou Mathieu N’Paki, Komi Lucien Domedjui, Mamatchi Melila, Madjouma Kanda, Koffi Apeti Gbogbo, Fousséni Folega, Marra Dourma, Komlan Batawila, Koffi Akpagana
  Pages: 50 - 63
  Abstract: Native tropical floras are invaded by non-native species, creating some ecological disorders. Many of them are new reports for local flora but also, they are known to have some medicinal uses in their original regions for human therapy. That seems to be the case of Acalypha indica L. (Euphorbiaceae). This study aims to provide a synoptic overview of this species in Togolese country and to verify whether the bibliographically reported uses are scientifically verifiable. For this, the species’ leafy stem and root were harvested in the Agoè-Nyive 1 district (Lomé), then washed and dried under shade. The samples were crushed and macerated in hydroethanol solvent. Phytochemical screenings were performed. The antioxidant activities were estimated by FRAP method. In vitro antimicrobial activity was evaluated using microdilution method. Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603, Enterococcus faecalis "resistant strain", E. coli "NDM resistant strain", K. pneumoniae "Oxa 48 resistant strain", Trichophyton tonsurans and T. mentagrophytes were tested. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phytochemical groups as polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins. The leafy stem showed better antioxidant activity than the root. Hydroethanol extracts showed that leafy stem and root of A. indica are microbiostatic against the strains tested.
  PubDate: 2024-06-27
  DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2024/v20i7423
  Issue No: Vol. 20, No. 7 (2024)
Comparative Analysis of Phytoplankton Communities in Newly Inundated Ponds
Using Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers
- Authors: Essien-Ibok; M. A., George, U. U., Ituen, A. M.
  Pages: 64 - 77
  Abstract: A comparative study on the communities of phytoplankton in two newly inundated ponds was carried out from September 2023 to October 2023.The study was conducted in a completely random design experimental setup with two treatments, each replicated twice using organic (chicken manure) and inorganic fertilizer (di-a1mmonium phosphate fertilizer, (20:10:10) (2.5kg for each) fertilizers. Out of 1114 individuals of phytoplankton identified, 611 were from the organic fertilizer- treated tank, while 503 individuals were from the inorganic fertilizer- treated tank. The highest and the lowest phytoplankton species identified were Dactylococlopsis irregularis (79) > Phormidium tenue (53) > Ankistrodesmus falcatus (39) for the organic fertilized tank while the dominant species for the inorganic tank were Dactylococlopsis irregularis (45) > Ankistrodesmus falcatus (36), > Dinobryon bararicum (31). The least dominant species found in this current study for organic fertilizer were Closterium macilentum (7) > Amoeba polypodia (7) > Volvox aureus (3) > Raphidiopsis curvata (2) while the trend for inorganic fertilizer were Aphanizomenon flosaquae (7) > Spirulina subtilissima (4) > Nitzschia linearis (2). Physicochemical factors like Temperature, pH, Potassium, Total nitrogen, were found to be the important factors influencing the growth and distribution of phytoplankton and they exhibited significant positive correlation with phytoplankton in the PCA and CCA biplot. This present study revealed inter-tank differences in some of the physico-chemical parameters investigated. Potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen and dissolved oxygen (DO) were significantly different across the two treatments while temperature and pH were not statistically significant (P<0.05). The result from the analysis of all community parameters (Shannon-Wiener diversity, Evenness, Simpson and Margalef indices) showed slight variation. The highest in Shannon-Wiener diversity, Evenness, Simpson and Margalef indices were found in the inorganic fertilizer- treated tank (3.216, 0.8901, 0.956 and 4.34, respectively), while the lowest were found in the organic fertilize treated tank (3.141, 0.825, 0.948 and 4.209, respectively). This result indicates that the abundance and structure of phytoplankton communities were affected by the different fertilizer used and the tanks physicochemical conditions.
  PubDate: 2024-07-25
  DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2024/v20i7424
  Issue No: Vol. 20, No. 7 (2024)
Clinical Manifestations of Dermatophytoses and its Treatment: A Review
- Authors: Sumit Meena, Seema Bhadauria
  Pages: 78 - 89
  Abstract: Dermatophytes can invade the keratinized tissue and cause one of the most common fungal infections, dermatophytoses. Dermatophytoses are present worldwide and it is most common in warm climates. It is caused by dermatophytes that belong to the genera Trichophyton, Epidermophyton and Microsporum. The clinical manifestation and clinical signs of these infections vary according to the infected body part and the specific dermatophytic species. According to the parts of the body that is affected, clinical manifestations of the dermatophytoses are categorized, such as tinea capitis (scalp), tinea barbae (beard area), tinea corporis (skin other than the bearded area, scalp, hands or feet), tinea cruris (groin and perineal areas), tinea pedis (feet), tinea manuum (hands), and tinea unguium (nails). Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, T. tonsurans, Epidermophyton floccosum and Microsporum canis are the main etiological species for dermatophytoses in all over the world. In this review, we discuss the clinical manifestations of dermatophytoses, etiological agents and their treatment by using oral and topical antifungals.
  PubDate: 2024-07-25
  DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2024/v20i7425
  Issue No: Vol. 20, No. 7 (2024)

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