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Biotropia : The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.128

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This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Print) 0215-6334 - ISSN (Online) 1907-770X
Published by SEAMEO BIOTROP

[1 journal]

BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF INDONESIAN GAYO HORSE
- Authors: Juli Melia, Amrozi Amrozi, Muhammad Agil, Iman Supriatna
  Abstract: This study aims to find out the characteristic of gayo horse and to identify the population of gayo horse. Data collection was conducted through selection process over 100 local horse distributed in Central Aceh Sub-districts, Gayo Lues and Bener Meriah. The result was 30 gayo horses with varying age distribution. Detail observation was performed on six gayo horses of male (n=3) and female (n=3). The observation consisted of morphological observation and morphometry. Data collection of gayo horse population was based on annual report from local Animal Husbandry and Fishery Official over the last 5 years. Result showed that gayo horse has straight cranial shape similar to thoroughbred with smaller size, thick and stiff mane, and ears akin to donkey. Gayo horse body height ranges between 113-120 with body weight ranging around 215-280 kg. Gayo horse is agile despite living in mountain and able to carry heavy weight. There has been drastic decline of population in year 2010-2014. In conclusion, gayo horse is included as large pony category, and without any rescue effort, gayo horse is predicted to be extinct in 2037.
  PubDate: 2022-04-28
  DOI: 10.11598/btb.2022.29.1.834
  Issue No: Vol. 29, No. 1 (2022)
Heavy Metals Contamination and Water Quality Parameter Conditions in
Jatiluhur Reservoir, West Java, Indonesia
- Authors: Gatot Prayoga, Bagus Amalrullah Utomo, Hefni Effendi
  Abstract: Waste pollution into the Citarum River (main water source of Jatiluhur Reservoir) was dominated by the manufacturing industry sector (textile, chemical, metal, pharmaceutical). Industrial was the most common contributor to heavy metal waste. Heavy metal contamination into waters will cause any problems, one of which was the emergence of various diseases both short and long term. Based on the issues, the study of heavy metal contamination and also water quality parameter conditions in the Jatiluhur Reservoir was necessary. The heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Hg, Pb, Cd) contents were determined using the X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Spectrometry method (for sediment) and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) method (for water). The other water quality parameters were analyzed using the methods from the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). Furthermore, the data were compared to the Canadian Sediment Quality Guidelines (for heavy metal in sediment) and water quality standards from Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 82 of 2001 (Class 3) (for water quality parameters). Concerning the discussion, Jatiluhur Reservoir was divided into three zones i.e. the inlet area, main inundation area, and outlet area. Conditions in the sedimentary layer, mercury (Hg) have accumulated throughout the Jatiluhur Reservoir area with conditions exceeding the maximum limit, while Cu metal tends to accumulate in the inlet area with conditions exceeding the minimum limit. For other heavy metals, exceed the minimum limit at some locations, but more results were below that. Although all heavy metals have not been detected in water, this was a warning that the presence of heavy metals in sediments can potentially dissolve into the water, the most extreme thing that can happen was upwelling. If this happens, the heavy metals can be contained excessively in water, harmful to and possibly consumed by aquatic biota and human. Considering these conditions, the biota that was most likely to be exposed was benthic organisms. In general, the water quality parameters in Jatiluhur Reservoir meet the quality standards. Only ammonia that does not meet the quality standards for sensitive fish life, regarding the massively of aquaculture activity in this reservoir.
  PubDate: 2022-04-27
  DOI: 10.11598/btb.2022.29.1.1443
  Issue No: Vol. 29, No. 1 (2022)
INHIBITORY EFFECT OF ULIN WOOD LIQUID SMOKE AND GOGO RICE ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI
AGAINST PATHOGEN Pyricularia oryzae
- Authors: Witiyasti Imaningsih, Mariana, Ahmad Budi Junaidi, Della Adventaria
  Abstract: Diseases in rice plants (paddy) caused by microorganisms such as Pyricularia oryzae lead to a decrease in rice production. Therefore, it is essential to find out biological agents for protecting paddy and plants in general, against plant diseases. Liquid smoke and endophytic fungi have been known as biological agents to enhance the protection of plants against disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of liquid smoke, endophytic fungi and the concentrations combinations to suppress the growth of P. oryzae. The results showed that liquid smoke concentrations of 0.17% to 1.75% and endophytic fungi filtrate of 2% to 10% showed significant ability against pathogen P. oryzae. However, the combination of liquid smoke and endophytic fungi filtrate at selected concentrations (0.17% liquid smoke combined with 2% endophytic fungi filtrate and 0.34% liquid smoke combined with 2% endophytic fungi filtrate) showed no significant inhibition percentage against P. oryzae compared to control. In conclusion, this study showed that the respective applications of liquid smoke and endophytic fungi filtrate inhibit the growth of P. oryzae. Keywords: endophytic fungi, inhibition ability, liquid smoke, P. oryzae
  PubDate: 2022-04-27
  DOI: 10.11598/btb.2022.29.1.1568
  Issue No: Vol. 29, No. 1 (2022)
CHARACTERIZATION AND POLYPHASIC IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL RHIZOBACTERIA
STRAIN HAVING PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING PROPERTIES FROM COASTAL SAND DUNE
ECOSYSTEM
- Authors: Endah Retnaningrum
  Abstract: Coastal sand dune ecosystem at the Parangtritis coast of Yogyakarta, Indoesia has a unique characters such as low moisture of sandy soil, high salinity and low nutrient content. Fimbristylis cymosa is one of plant which survive at that unique ecosystem. Rhizobacteria present in that rhizospheric F. cymosa probably promote plant growth of its plant. In the present research, rhizobacteria from rhizospheric F. cymosa were isolated and their properties as phosphate solubilizing and antipathogen activity against Fusarium oxysporum which caused Fusarium wilt disease were investigated. Phosphate solubilizing rhizobacteria (PSR) isolates with the most potential characters were then polyphasic identified based on phenotypic and genotypic characters based on 16S rDNA sequencing. The results obtained were four PSR isolates (I8, I11, I12 and I24) with high phosphate dissolution indexes in isolates I11 and I12 of 3.08 and 3.44, respectively. Analysis of the dual plate experiments of the both PSR isolates against the growth of F. oxysporum also showed high inhibitory activity; isolate I11 was 42.40%, while isolate I12 was 42.08%. The two isolates were polyphasic identified as Burkholdera dolosa. This research clearly showed that PSR 11 and PSR 12 isolates are very potential and prospective as marginal land inoculants as providers of phosphorus and F. oxysoporum biocontrol for plants.
  PubDate: 2022-04-27
  DOI: 10.11598/btb.2022.29.1.1584
  Issue No: Vol. 29, No. 1 (2022)
MOLD DIVERSITY OF WREATHED HORNBILL (Rhyticeros undulatus) NEST IN MOUNT
UNGARAN
- Authors: Margareta Rahayuningsih
  Abstract: Wreathed Hornbill (Rhyticeros undulates) is known to build nests in three cavities where they managed to live and breed. This edifice is predicted to contain various molds needed to maintain micro-environmental steadiness. This study was aimed to identify molds diversity in the Wreathed Hornbill’s nest, using samples collected from empty structure with no bird activity. The samples were obtained from the Kalisidi and Nglimut observation stations on two occasions, i.e., in 2016 and 2017. Furthermore, the samples comprised cover soil, wood and inner material, which were collected aseptically and placed in sterile Ziplock plastic bags. These samples were then diluted in sterilized distilled water to attain 10-3 mg/ mL, and subsequently inoculated on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), Malt Extract Agar (MEA) and Czapek Dox Agar (CDA). The inoculants were incubated at 37 °C, followed by the observation of mold colony after the 11th day. The results identified seven and nine species of molds in the Kalisidi and Nglimut observation stations, respectively. The most abundant species was Penicillium sp. which was found in composted nest materials for the whole observation periods. Keywords: mold diversity, Mount Ungaran, nest, Rhyticeros undulates, Wreathed Hornbill
  PubDate: 2022-04-27
  DOI: 10.11598/btb.2022.29.1.1615
  Issue No: Vol. 29, No. 1 (2022)
GENETIC VARIABILITY OF ARROWROOT (MARANTA ARUNDINACEA L.) IN YOGYAKARTA
PROVINCE, INDONESIA BASED ON ISSR ANALYSIS
- Authors: Bernardinus Pratama, Purnomo -, Budi Setiadi Daryono
  Abstract: The cultivation of arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea L.) in Indonesia, particularly in Yogyakarta Province has a great potential to be developed. This study aims to determine the genetic variability and analyze the intraspecific relation of arrowroot using Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) markers as basic informations for considerations in the character selection of arrowroot cultivation in Yogyakarta. Exploratory survey method was occured in Gunungkidul, Kulon Progo, Sleman, and Bantul Districts to collect cultivar accessions. Accessions were replanted in Sawitsari Research Station. DNA isolation from the leaves of 7 moths old accessions was done using CTAB buffer solution. The DNA fingerprinting analysis was carried out using the result of DNA amplification with 4 ISSR markers. The polymorphism data then used for phenetic analysis using UPGMA algorithm and Baroni-Urbani Busser similarity coefficient to form dendrogram. Total of 5 local cultivars were found, identified as ‘Sili’, ‘Sembowo’,’ Sugo’, ‘Kebo’, and ‘Teropng’, each showed distinct rhizome morphological characters. The ISSR-PCR analysis resulted high polymorphism with 68,17% polymorphism mean and mean of polymorphic band was 6,75. Dendrogram resulted 4 clusters in 80% similarity index. Cluster A, B.I., and B.II.b consisted of ‘Sili’, ‘Teropong’, and ‘Kebo’ cultivars, respectively, while the cluster B.II.a gathered ‘Sugo’and ‘Sembowo’ cultivars.
  PubDate: 2022-04-27
  DOI: 10.11598/btb.2022.29.1.1623
  Issue No: Vol. 29, No. 1 (2022)
The Incorporation of Sodium Hyaluronate and Nyamplung (Calophylum
inophyllum) Cake Extract to Improve Characteristic of Bioplastic
- Authors: Rini Umiyati
  Abstract: Cross-linking agent plays important role on bio-plastic mechanical properties. In this research, sodium hyaluronate (SoHA) and nyamplung cake extract (NCE) were used as cross-linking and anti-microbia agents, respectively, in bio-plastic preparation by thermo compression method. The novelty of the study was thiocyanate (SCN) formation in zone 3 (2161.66-2162.02 cm-1) and cyanate (C-N=O) in zone 6 (1411.57 – 1412.61 cm-1) of SoHA (1, 2 and 3%) bio-plastic and cyanate formation in zone 6 and 7 (1411.37 - 1558.59 cm-1) of SoHA (1, 2 and 3%) – NCE 20% combined bio-plastic that originating from acetanilide group in SoHA and amide group in NCE. The formation of SCN and C-N=O in 2 and 3% SoHA bio-plastic improved its sensitivity against gram positive bacteria (S. aureus) indicated by 0.6 mm and 0.45 mm inhibition zone, respectively. C-N=O formed in SoHA (1, 2 and 3%) – NCE (20%) combined bio-plastic had 3.25 mm average inhibition zone against gram positive bacteria (S. aureus), 2.75 mm against gram negative bacteria (E. coli), and 0.71 mm against fungi (A. nigger). Mechanical properties analysis showed that addition of 3% SoHA was able to increase tensile strength and modulus of elasticity while reduced elongation, water solubility, and water vapor permeability. Addition of SoHA (1, 2 and 3%) – NCE 20% resulted reverse effect.
  PubDate: 2022-04-27
  DOI: 10.11598/btb.2022.29.1.1626
  Issue No: Vol. 29, No. 1 (2022)
LITTERFALL, LITTER DECOMPOSITION AND NUTRIENT RETURN OF REHABILITATED
MINING AREAS AND NATURAL FOREST IN PHANGNGA FORESTRY RESEARCH STATION,
SOUTHERN THAILAND
- Authors: Jetsada Wongprom, Roongreang Poolsiri, Sapit Diloksumpun, Chatchai Ngernsaengsaruay, Samita Tansakul, Wasan Chandaeng
  Abstract: Litterfall and litter decomposition play important roles in maintenance of nutrient cycling and rehabilitation of degraded lands. Litterfall, litter decomposition, and nutrient return were investigated in a 27-year-old Acacia mangium plantation on sandy and clay sites, and in a mixed plantation at the Phangnga Forestry Research Station, Phangnga province, Thailand. Additionally, secondary and primary forests were investigated and compared with the values obtained from the plantations. The results indicated that litter production in A. mangium plantation on sandy and clay sites, and in mixed plantation (15.47, 11.68 and 7.89 t ha-1 yr-1, respectively) was higher than in secondary and primary forests (6.34 and 6.92 t ha-1 yr-1, respectively). The rate of litter decomposition was greatest in the secondary forest (3.01 yr-1) and lowest in the primary forest (1.15 yr-1). The decomposition rate of the mixed leaf litter between native trees and A. mangium in plantations was higher than that of only A mangium leaf, except in the mixed plantation. A high initial concentration of nitrogen in A. mangium could accelerate litter decomposition and improve the litter quality in mixed litter. In addition, the nutrient return in plantations was higher than in the secondary and primary forests, especially for N. Increased litter production, a high decomposition rate, and nutrient return from A. mangium plantation had important roles in nutrient cycling, suggesting that a mixed plantation consisting of A. mangium and native trees should be considered for the reclamation of mining land.
  PubDate: 2022-04-27
  DOI: 10.11598/btb.2022.29.1.1627
  Issue No: Vol. 29, No. 1 (2022)
DIVERSITY AND DENSITY NEUSTON AS BIOINDICATOR WATER QUALITY IN LAKE AND
WATERFALL SITU GUNUNG, SUKABUMI
- Authors: Imam Safir Alwan Nurza
  Abstract: Lakes and waterfalls are freshwater ecosystems that are considered important in their ecological, tourism, and economic roles in the surrounding environment. Lakes and waterfalls can serve for some living things, like neuston. Neuston lives on the surface and below the surface of the water. These organisms can be used as bioindicators of quality waters. Because these organisms have a high level of sensitivity to pollutants. Thus, it’s easy to observe indirect observation. The purpose of this research was to determine environmental factors on the density and diversity of neustons as bioindicator water quality in the lake and waterfall Situ Gunung, Sukabumi. The research method used was survey and observation. The research was carried out by determining purposive sampling at two locations, namely lakes and waterfalls. The sampling point with an area of 1x1 m2 and the samples obtained were put into bottles containing 70% alcohol as specimens to be identified in the laboratory. Environmental parameters were measured, namely air and water temperature, water pH, water depth, turbidity, flow velocity, dissolved oxygen, substrate, and weather conditions. The results obtained that lakes and waterfalls had high density and diversity of neustons in Gerris lacustris and Dineutus assimilis. While the lowest were Metrobates hesperius, Gerris comatus, Aquarius remiges, and Trepobates pictus. Parameters of environmental factors can still support the survival of neustons in lakes and waterfalls Situ Gunung.
  PubDate: 2022-04-27
  DOI: 10.11598/btb.2022.29.1.1662
  Issue No: Vol. 29, No. 1 (2022)
THE RANGE EXPANSION OF Parachromis managuensis (GÜNTHER, 1867)
(PERCIFORMES, 4 CICHLIDAE) IN JAVA, INDONESIA
- Authors: Veryl Hasan, Abdul Rahem Faqih, Maftuch Maftuch
  Abstract: The Jaguar cichlid, Parachromis managuensis (Günther, 1867), is native to Central America, with introductions reported from West Java and Central Java Provinces of Indonesia. On 7-8 January 2019, sixteen specimens of P. managuensis were collected from Karangkates, the largest hydropower reservoir in East Java Province of Indonesia. A description of the morphological characters of specimens is provided.
  PubDate: 2020-05-06
  DOI: 10.11598/btb.2022.29.1.1278
  Issue No: Vol. 29, No. 1 (2020)