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Berita Biologi
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ISSN (Print) 0126-1754 - ISSN (Online) 2337-8751
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DIVERSITY OF NEPENTHES SPECIES IN NORTH SUMATRA PROVINCE
- Authors: Mansur Halik, Andi Salamah, Edi Mirmanto
  Pages: 199 - 209
  Abstract: Sumatra is the second island after Borneo, which has the highest diversity of Nepenthes species, spread from the lowlands to mountain forests. There are 38 species of Nepenthes recorded on Sumatra Island, and 33 of them are endemic. The study was conducted in 2019 and 2022 to know the diversity of Nepenthes in North Sumatra Province. The results showed that 22 species of Nepenthes were recorded in North Sumatra Province, consisting of 12 highland species, 3 midland species and 7 lowland species. N. tobaica is a highland species with a very wide distribution, spread over eight regencies in North Sumatra with a very abundant population, while N. sumatrana, N. rigidifolia, N. jamban, N. lingulata, and N. naga have limited distribution with a very small population and are potentially extinct.
  PubDate: 2022-12-26
  DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v21i3.4389
  Issue No: Vol. 21, No. 3 (2022)
AKTIVITAS DAN KARAKTERISASI MIKOSIN ANTI Zygosaccharomyces rouxii FNCC
3006 DARI ISOLAT KHAMIR OSMOFILIK ASAL NEKTAR BUNGA DAN MADU
- Authors: Sovia Nur Janah, Miftahul Ilmi
  Pages: 211 - 220
  Abstract: Makanan berkadar gula tinggi (40-70%) dapat terkontaminasi oleh Zygosaccharomyces rouxii yang toleran terhadap tekanan osmotik, asam, alkohol, serta tahan terhadap bahan preservatif makanan. Salah satu cara menghambat pertumbuhan Z. rouxii adalah dengan memberikan mikosin anti Z. rouxii. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas dan karakterisasi mikosin anti Z. rouxii dari isolat khamir osmofilik. Penapisan aktivitas antagonistik dari isolat khamir osmofilik dilakukan dengan metode Colony Picking dan penapisan aktivitas ekstrak kasar dilakukan dengan Disk Diffusion Assay. Zona jernih yang terbentuk diukur untuk menentukan aktivitasnya dengan menggunakan indeks penghambatan (IP). Setelah itu dilakukan pengukuran berat kering sel dan karakterisasi mikosin menggunakan SDS PAGE. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 10 isolat khamir osmofilik yang menghasilkan aktivitas antagonistik terhadap Z. rouxii yaitu isolat AP 1, PS 1.1, LW 1.1, BK 3.2, MR 3.2, AP 3, KS 1, dan TL 2.2 yang diisolasi dari madu, isolat BL 8.21 dan BL 8.22 yang diisolasi dari nektar bunga. Aktivitas ekstrak kasar mikosin anti Z. rouxii paling tinggi yaitu isolat LW 1.1 dengan nilai IP 1,28. Isolat paling efektif untuk menghambat pertumbuhan dari Z. rouxii adalah isolat LW 1.1, diperoleh nilai perbandingan zona hambat dengan berat kering yaitu 442,099. Isolat LW 1.1 menghasilkan anti-Z. rouxii dengan berat molekul antara 12,88 kDa sampai 72,92 kDa. Disimpulkan bahwa isolat LW 1.1 dapat dijadikan sumber penghasil mikosin anti-Z. rouxii yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai agen biokontrol dalam produk makanan.
  PubDate: 2022-12-26
  DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v21i3.4095
  Issue No: Vol. 21, No. 3 (2022)
Keragaman Bakteri Pendegradasi Polietilena di Hutan Mangrove Ambon
- Authors: Rizki Estiningtyas
  Pages: 221 - 230
  Abstract: Peningkatan sampah plastik di lingkungan merupakan ancaman bagi permukaan bumi apabila tidak dikelola dengan baik. Jenis plastik yang banyak digunakan oleh masyarakat yaitu polietilena. Pengelolaan polietilena dapat dilakukan dengan biodegradasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui keragaman bakteri pendegradasi polietilena dari hutan mangrove Ambon. Isolasi bakteri pendegradasi polietilena dilakukan menggunakan media pengayaan dengan penambahan bubuk plastik linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) sebagai sumber karbon. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan sebanyak 26 isolat bakteri pendegradasi polietilena berhasil diisolasi dari tanah mangrove. Berdasarkan analisis 16s rRNA, semua isolat termasuk dalam filum Proteobacteria dengan subfilum gamma proteobacteria dan berasal dari 5 genus, yaitu Microbulbifer, Zobellella, Pseudoalteromonas, Vibrio, dan Pseudomonas. Terdapat 13 spesies teridentifikasi dari ke-26 isolat tersebut, yaitu Microbulbifer pacificus, Microbulbifer okinawensis, Microbulbifer arenaceous, Microbulbifer elongatus, Microbulbifer hydrolyticus, Microbulbifer salipaludis, Zobellella aerophila, Pseudoalteromonas profundi, Vibrio tritonius, Vibrio alginolyticus, Pseudomonas alcaligenes, Pseudomonas marincola, dan Pseudomonas benzenivorans.
  PubDate: 2022-12-26
  DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v21i3.4331
  Issue No: Vol. 21, No. 3 (2022)
Growth Evaluation of Red Tilapia (Oreochromis spp) Under Different Cycles
of Fasting And Re-Feeding
- Authors: Adam Robisalmi
  Pages: 231 - 244
  Abstract: Feed restriction through fasting is a widely recommended feed management strategy in aquaculture, where this strategy is believed to have a positive effect on fish growth performance. This study aims to evaluate the growth performance of red tilapia in various cycles of fasting and re-feeding. The activity was carried out at Research Institute Fish Breeding from August to November 2020 . The research method used was experimental with 5 treatments with 4 replications, namely control (fish were fed daily), then the fasting treatment was S7 (7 days of fasting), S14 (14 days of fasting), S21 (21 days of fasting) and S28 (28 fasting day) followed by refeeding until the end of maintenance. Maintenance was carried out for 90 days in a concrete tub measuring 2x1m3 with a stocking density of 28 fishes / unit. During the rearing period the fish were fed satiation three times a day. The results showed that there was a decrease in growth along with the increase of the fasting period, but there was a trend of increasing growth after re-feeding with over compensatory growth in treatment S7 and partial compensatory growth in treatments S14 and S21. Likewise, the value of the condition factor and the hepatosomatic index during the fasting period decreased, but after feeding, the values were not different from those of fish fed continuously.
  PubDate: 2022-12-26
  DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v21i3.4040
  Issue No: Vol. 21, No. 3 (2022)
Evaluation of Caulerpa lentillifera as artificial feed on growth rate and
survival level of carp (Cyprinus carpio)]
- Authors: Erni Padu Lemba, Firat Meiyasa, Nurbety Tarigan
  Pages: 245 - 256
  Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the dose and utilization of Caulerpa lentilifera seaweed as artificial feed on the growth rate and survival rate of carp. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatment levels and three replications. The fish used was carp (Cyprinus carpio) measuring 3-5 cm with a stocking density of 10 acres/bucket for 42 days of rearing. The doses of Caulerpa lentilifera flour added to the feed were 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%. The results showed that the addition of Caulerpa lentilifera flour had a significant effect on growth rate, survival rate, feed utilization efficiency, and carp protein efficiency ratio. Giving Caulerpa lentilifera flour with a dose of 20% in the feed was the best dose for the relative growth rate of 6.83%, survival rate of 75%, efficiency of feed utilization of 20.59% and protein efficiency ratio of 3.79%. Caulerpa lentilifera in feed is able to increase the efficiency of feed utilization so as to support the growth rate and survival rate of carp
  PubDate: 2022-12-26
  DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v21i3.4319
  Issue No: Vol. 21, No. 3 (2022)
DAYA HASIL DAN KANDUNGAN ANTOSIANIN GENOTIP UBI JALAR UNGU (PURPLE-FLESHED
SWEET POTATO) DI JATINANGOR, JAWA BARAT
- Authors: Amalia Murnihati Noerrizki, Harlino Nandha Prayudha, Debby Ustari, Tarkus Suganda, Vergel Concibido, Agung Karuniawan
  Pages: 269 - 277
  Abstract: Daya hasil adalah kemampuan tanaman untuk memproduksi hasil sesuai dengan potensinya. Ubi jalar ungu mengandung senyawa antosianin yang merupakan senyawa yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk berbagai produk karena memberikan efek yang baik untuk kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengestimasi daya hasil dan kandungan antosianin pada 12 genotip ubi jalar ungu. Penelitian lapangan dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 3 kali ulangan. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap karakter bentuk ubi, warna daging ubi, warna kulit, panjang ubi, diameter ubi, jumlah ubi dan bobot ubi per plot berdasarkan Descriptors for Sweet Potato (Huaman, 1999). Kandungan antosianin dievaluasi dengan metode pH Differential sedangkan variabel warna ekstrak dianalisis berdasarkan nilai L*, a*, b*. Hasil menunjukkan terdapat keragaman pada bentuk ubi, panjang ubi, diameter ubi, jumlah ubi dan bobot ubi per plot. Bentuk ubi bervariasi yaitu oval memanjang, elips membulat, elips, obovate, berlengkung. 11 genotip ubi jalar ungu memiliki warna daging berpigmen dengan antosianin dan warna kulit yaitu ungu. Hasil analisis LSI menunjukkan PF 4, PF 5, PF 6, PF 7, PF 8, PF 9 dan PF 12 memiliki penampilan lebih baik dari varietas pembanding. Kandungan antosianin tertinggi yaitu PF 12 (84,02 mg/100g). Analisis korelasi menunjukkan antosianin memiliki korelasi positif dengan karakter hasil dan nilai a*.
  PubDate: 2022-12-26
  DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v21i3.3931
  Issue No: Vol. 21, No. 3 (2022)
ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITY OF MARINE BACTERIA FROM KARIMUN ISLAND, INDONESIA
- Authors: Ruby Setiawan, Ade Lia Putri, Mia Kusmiati
  Pages: 279 - 290
  Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is becoming a major global crisis in the public healthcare system. One of the issues is the misuse of antimicrobials that will accelerate the AMR phenomenon. Discovering new antimicrobial compounds from various sources and places is an alternative way to resolve this problem. Marine bacteria were known as a new promising source for bioactive compounds. The marine bacteria were isolated from marine sediment using 1/5 NBRC 802 agar and seawater agar supplemented with 10mM NH4Cl. All isolates were subjected to antagonistic activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus using the disk diffusion method. The selected isolates were then identified based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence. A total of 65 bacterial isolates have been successfully isolated from the seawater and marine sediment from Karimun Island. Of the 65 isolates, 12 isolates showed activity against tested bacteria; seven isolates against B. subtilis, two isolates against S. aureus, one isolate against E. coli, one isolate against B. subtilis and S. aureus, and one isolate against S. aureus and E. coli. The 16S rDNA sequences showed that the selected isolates belong to Cellulosimicrobium funkei, Gordonia sp., Kocuria salina, Micrococcus aloeverae, Micromonospora aurantiaca, Mumia sp., Nocardioides sp., and Pseudoalteromonas shioyasakiensis. Most of the isolates with antibacterial activity were identified as Actinobacteria and one isolate from the Gammaproteobacteria. Isolate KRSd2(2) shared 97,79% identity with Gordonia bronchialis. Further, a taxonomical study of the isolate compared with known species and chemical analysis of bioactive compounds are needed.
  PubDate: 2022-12-26
  DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v21i3.4393
  Issue No: Vol. 21, No. 3 (2022)
TREN PERDAGANGAN MONYET EKOR PANJANG (Macaca fascicularis) PERIODE 2000
– 2019
- Authors: Rahmania Wanda Zafira, Tika Dewi Atikah, Erri Noviar Megantara, Nurul Inayah, Amir Hamidy
  Pages: 291 - 300
  Abstract: Perdagangan satwa liar merupakan aktivitas manusia yang mempercepat kepunahan keanekaragaman hayati. Monyet ekor panjang (Macaca fascicularis) termasuk salah satu jenis mamalia yang paling banyak diperdagangkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tren perdagangan dan kemitraan perdagangan M. fascicularis secara global periode 2000–2019. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data secara studi kepustakaan. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif terhadap permasalahan yang diselidiki. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa selama periode 2000–2019 tercatat 3.111 insiden perdagangan. Tren perdagangan M. fascicularis berkode sumber tangkapan dari alam (W) secara umum mengalami penurunan, sedangkan perdagangan berkode sumber penangkaran (C), anakan (F), dan ranching (R) secara umum bervariasi. Mauritius menjadi negara eksportir M. fascicularis berkode tangkapan dari alam (W) dan anakan (F) tertinggi, sedangkan negara pengekspor tertinggi hasil penangkaran (C) adalah Cina dan Vietnam. Amerika Serikat merupakan negara paling konsumtif sebagai importir maupun re-eksportir dan memiliki banyak mitra perdagangan dalam pasar M. fascicularis ini. Indonesia aktif melakukan perdagangan terutama dengan kode sumber penangkaran (C) dan bermitra dengan Amerika Serikat, Taiwan, dan Singapura.
  PubDate: 2022-12-26
  DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v21i3.4164
  Issue No: Vol. 21, No. 3 (2022)
Response of Local Cowpea Varieties Southwest Maluku to Drought Stress on
Germination Phase
- Authors: Ritha Lusian Karuwal, Hermalina Sinay
  Pages: 301 - 311
  Abstract: Drought stress is one of the agricultural problem, especially in dry land. Respone to drought stress of local cowpea varieties Southwest Maluku on germination phase had not been conducted. The aim of this study was to evaluate response of local cowpea varities to drought stress on germination phase. The research was using seven of local varieties (KM1, KM3, KM4, KM6, KM7, KM8, KM9) from Kisar island and three cultivars from ILETRI Malang. Treatment of drought stress were consist of watering period every twice days (P0) and five day (P1) was replicated three times. Sprout number, final germination percent, sprout length, sprout weight, vigor index and prolin content in root were observed. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, followed by DMRT at 5%. The results showed that treatment of every five day inhibit germination at all varieties. KM1, KM4, KM6 varieties has the highest value on all parameter. There are positive correlation which significant between of the observation parameter. Principal component analysis to clustering in two main cluster. Early selection of drought tolerance at germination phase very need to breeding plant in effort of the suistainble development and utilization.
  PubDate: 2022-12-26
  DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v21i3.4222
  Issue No: Vol. 21, No. 3 (2022)
PENGARUH Mangan (Mn) TERHADAP OKSIDASI KROMIUM TRIVALEN DAN PERTUMBUHAN
Tagetes sp.
- Authors: Margareta Prameswati, Sri Kasmiyati, Sucahyo Sucahyo
  Pages: 313 - 325
  Abstract: Chromium can be found in 2 oxidation states, trivalent chromium (Cr3+) and hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) in environment. Trivalent chromium can be oxidized by manganese oxide to hexavalent chromium (Cr6+). The aim of the study was to determine the effect of Mn on the oxidation of Cr³⁺and plant growth of Tagetes. The study was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design. The Tagetes plants grown in media with 2 treatment factors, namely Cr3+ (CrCl3) with 3 concentrations of 0, 100 and 500 mg/l) and Mn (MnSO4) with 4 concentrations of 0, 1, 5 and 10 mg/l. The plant growth and Cr6+ content in roots and shoots were measured to determine the effect and to detect the occurrence of Cr3+ oxidation. The addition of Mn in the media of Tagetes containing Cr3+ increased the Cr3+ oxidation process, indicated by the detection of Cr6+ in the roots and shoots of Tagetes. The highest Cr6+ content was found in the roots and shoots of Tagetes sp. treated with Cr3+ 500 mg/l and Mn 10 mg/l at 0.059 and 0.035 g/l, respectively. The interaction of Cr3+ and Mn treatments significantly affected the growth of Tagetes plants. Cr3+ and Mn at high concentrations increased plant height, root length, root and shoot dry weight. The interaction of Cr3+ and Mn at high concentrations inhibited the increase in the number of leaves of Tagetes.
  PubDate: 2022-12-26
  DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v21i3.4190
  Issue No: Vol. 21, No. 3 (2022)
KARAKTERISTIK MORFOLOGI IKAN PATIN HIBRIDA HASIL HIBRIDISASI ANTARA IKAN
PATIN SIAM (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus ) BETINA DENGAN IKAN PATIN NASUTUS
(Pangasius nasutus) JANTAN DIBANDINGKAN INDUKNYA
- Authors: Bambang Iswanto, Evi Tahapari
  Pages: 327 - 338
  Abstract: ABSTRACTHybridization between female striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and male nasutus catfish (Pangasius nasutus) has been conducted in Indonesia and Malaysia. However, only limited characteristics of the hybrid already reported. The present study aimed to elucidate the morphological differences between the hybrid and both parental species. Each 35 fish specimens of seven months old were examined through the measurement of 35 morphometric caharacters and the count of five meristic characters, as conducted by previous workers. Additionally, the morphology of gill rakers, mouth, snout, eye, maxillary and palatal dentitions, swim bladder, adipose fin and the body colouration were observed. The results revealed that the hybrid was morphometrically similar to the striped catfish and slightly differed from the nasutus catfish. For meristic characters, the hybrid could be practically differentiated from both parental species based on the number of pelvic fin rays. Morphologically, the hybrid differed from the striped catfish in terms of gill rakers, swim bladder, mouth, snout, maxillary and palatal dentitions, adipose fin and the body colouration. While, the hybrid was morphologically different from the nasutus catfish in terms of mouth, snout, eye position, maxillary and palatal dentitions, swim bladder and the body colouration. Key words: morphology, morphometric, meristic, hybrid, striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus), nasutus catfish (Pangasius nasutus) ABSTRAKHibridisasi antara ikan patin Siam (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) betina dengan patin nasutus (Pangasius nasutus) jantan telah dilakukan di Indonesia dan Malaysia. Namun demikian, karakteristik yang sudah dilaporkan masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguraikan perbedaan morfologi antara ikan patin hibrida tersebut dibandingkan kedua spesies induknya. Masing-masing 35 ekor spesimen berumur tujuh bulan diteliti melalui pengukuran 35 karakter morfometrik dan penghitungan lima karakter meristik, sebagaimana telah dilakukan oleh peneliti-peneliti terdahulu. Selain itu, morfologi tapis insang, mulut, moncong, mata, deretan gigi rahang atas dan gigi langit-langit mulut, gelembung renang, sirip lemak dan warna tubuh juga diamati. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik morfometrik ikan patin hibrida serupa dengan ikan patin Siam, dan agak berbeda dari ikan patin nasutus. Secara meristik, ikan patin hibrida dapat dibedakan dengan mudah dari kedua spesies induknya berdasarkan jumlah jari-jari lemah sirip perut. Ikan patin hibrida berbeda dari ikan patin Siam dalam hal karakteristik morfologi tapis insang, mulut, moncong, deretan gigi rahang atas dan gigi langit-langit mulut, gelembung renang, sirip lemak dan warna tubuh. Selanjutnya, ikan patin hibrida berbeda dari ikan patin nasutus dalam hal karakteristik morfologi mulut, moncong, posisi mata, deretan gigi rahang atas dan gigi langit-langit mulut, gelembung renang dan warna tubuh. Kata kunci: morfologi, morfometrik, meristik, hibrida, patin Siam (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus), patin nasutus (Pangasius nasutus)
  PubDate: 2022-12-26
  DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v21i3.4407
  Issue No: Vol. 21, No. 3 (2022)
KEANEKARAGAMAN DAN KETIDAKNORMALAN MORFOLOGI PADA KOMUNITAS KOPEPODA
(KRUSTASEA) DI PERAIRAN MUARA ANGKE DAN TANJUNG PASIR, TELUK JAKARTA
- Authors: Mulyadi Mulyadi, Rena Tri Hernawati
  Pages: 339 - 350
  Abstract: An observation on Copepoda diversity, abundance, and distribution in two mangrove areas in Jakarta Bay was carried out in May-June and September-October 2011. The objective of this observation was to investigate the relationship between diversity and abundance of copepods with some environmental factors which affected the distribution on dry and rainy seasons. A total 47 species from 26 genera, 20 families and 6 orders of copepods were recorded, including 3 new species, Calanopia asymmetrica Mulyadi & Ueda, 1996; Labidocera javaensis Mulyadi, 1997, and Pontella vervoorti Mulyadi, 2003, and 10 new records. The highest species richness occurred in the rainy season in Tanjung Pasir with 35 species, but the diversity index was very visible in Muara Angke, where during the rainy season the dominance index was high (0.2074), while the dry season had a high diversity index (Simpson 0.9481 and Shannon 3,279). Morphological abnormalities were found in the anal segment of the abdomen.
  PubDate: 2022-12-26
  DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v21i3.4367
  Issue No: Vol. 21, No. 3 (2022)
STUDI POPULASI AKAR LAKA (Dalbergia parviflora Roxb.) DI KOTA TIDORE
KEPULAUAN PROVINSI MALUKU UTARA
- Authors: Bayu Arief Pratama, Taufik Mahendra, Leberina Kristina Ibo
  Pages: 351 - 363
  Abstract: Akar laka (Dalbergia parviflora Roxb.) merupakan jenis liana dengan batang berduri. Sejak CITES Conference of Parties (CoP) 17, marga Dalbergia terdaftar dalam apendiks II. Sehingga perdagangannya turut diawasi oleh internasional. Petak ukur 30×50 m dibuat untuk mengamati populasi dan kondisi habitat akar laka. Semua jenis berkayu dengan DBH ≥ 4,8 cm diukur. Khusus akar laka, semua individu diukur diameter dan panjangnya. Parameter lingkungan dan contoh tanah juga diambil. Tercatat 297 individu yang terbagi dalam 24 jenis dan 10 suku ditemukan didalam petak ukur. Sebanyak 109 individu diantaranya adalah akar laka. Jumlah individu didominasi oleh jenis juvenil yang menjadi ciri hutan dengan regenerasi yg baik dan sedang dalam proses suksesi. Keanekaragaman jenisnya tergolong sedang (H’=1,97) dan kelimpahan jenisnya cukup merata (J=0,61). Hasil analisis komponen utama menunjukkan Dalbergia parviflora, Diospyros ulo, dan Dimorchalyx sp. adalah tiga jenis penting dalam petak ukur.
  PubDate: 2022-12-26
  DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v21i3.4197
  Issue No: Vol. 21, No. 3 (2022)

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